<div> <a href="https://www.redbubble.com/i/sticker/Programmer-Grug-by-colossalbreaker/42915272.EJUG5"> <img alt="grug" src="grug.png" style="float: left; height: 120px; margin-right: 20px; clear: both"/> </a> <h1> The Grug Brained Developer<br/> <small>A layman's guide to thinking like the self-aware smol brained</small> </h1> </div>
this collection of thoughts on software development gathered by grug brain developer
grug brain developer not so smart, but grug brain developer program many long year and learn some things although mostly still confused
grug brain developer try collect learns into small, easily digestible and funny page, not only for you, the young grug, but also for him because as grug brain developer get older he forget important things, like what had for breakfast or if put pants on
big brained developers are many, and some not expected to like this, make sour face
(note: grug once think big brained but learn hard way)
is fine!
is free country sort of and end of day not really matter too much, but grug hope you fun reading and maybe learn from many, many mistake grug make over long program life
1: The Eternal Enemy: Complexity
apex predator of grug is complexity
complexity bad
say again:
complexity *very* bad
_you_ say now:
complexity *very*, *very* bad
given choice between complexity or one on one against t-rex, grug take t-rex: at least grug see t-rex
complexity is spirit demon that enter codebase through well-meaning but ultimately very clubbable non grug-brain developers and project managers who not fear complexity spirit demon or even know about sometime
one day code base understandable and grug can get work done, everything good!
next day impossible: complexity demon spirit has entered code and very dangerous situation!
grug no able see complexity demon, but grug sense presence in code base
demon complexity spirit mocking him make change here break unrelated thing there what!?! mock mock mock ha ha so funny grug love programming and not becoming shiney rock speculator like grug senior advise
club not work on demon spirit complexity and bad idea actually hit developer who let spirit in with club: sometimes grug himself!
sadly, often grug himself
so grug say again and say often: complexity *very*, *very* bad
best weapon against complexity spirit demon is magic word: "no"
"no, grug not build that feature"
"no, grug not build that abstraction"
"no, grug not put water on body every day or drink less black think juice you stop repeat ask now"
note, this good engineering advice but bad career advice: "yes" is magic word for more shiney rock and put in charge of large tribe of developer
sad but true: learn "yes" then learn blame other grugs when fail, ideal career advice
but grug must to grug be true, and "no" is magic grug word. Hard say at first, especially if you nice grug and don't like disappoint people (many such grugs!) but easier over time even though shiney rock pile not as high as might otherwise be
is ok: how many shiney rock grug really need anyway?
sometimes compromise necessary or no shiney rock, mean no dinosaur meat, not good, wife firmly remind grug about young grugs at home need roof, food, and so forth, no interest in complexity demon spirit rant by grug for fiftieth time
in this situation, grug recommend "ok"
"ok, grug build that feature"
then grug spend time think of 80/20 solution[1] to problem and build that instead. 80/20 solution say "80 want with 20 code" solution maybe not have all bell-whistle that project manager want, maybe a little ugly, but work and deliver most value, and keep demon complexity spirit at bay for most part to extent
sometimes probably best just not tell project manager and do it 80/20 way. easier forgive than permission, project managers mind like butterfly at times overworked and dealing with many grugs. often forget what even feature supposed to do or move on or quit or get fired grug see many such cases
anyway is in project managers best interest anyway so grug not to feel too bad for this approach usually
next strategy very harder: break code base up properly (fancy word: "factor your code properly") here is hard give general advice because each system so different. however, one thing grug come to believe: not factor your application too early!
early on in project everything very abstract and like water: very little solid holds for grug's struggling brain to hang on to. take time to develop "shape" of system and learn what even doing. grug try not to factor in early part of project and then, at some point, good cut-points emerge from code base
good cut point has narrow interface with rest of system: small number of functions or abstractions that hide complexity demon internally, like trapped in crystal
grug quite satisfied when complexity demon trapped properly in crystal, is best feeling to trap mortal enemy!
grug try watch patiently as cut points emerge from code and slowly refactor, with code base taking shape over time along with experience. no hard/ fast rule for this: grug know cut point when grug see cut point, just take time to build skill in seeing, patience
sometimes grug go too early and get abstractions wrong, so grug bias towards waiting
big brain developers often not like this at all and invent many abstractions start of project
grug tempted to reach for club and yell "big brain no maintain code! big brain move on next architecture committee leave code for grug deal with!"
but grug learn control passions, major difference between grug and animal
instead grug try to limit damage of big brain developer early in project by giving them thing like UML diagram (not hurt code, probably throw away anyway) or by demanding working demo tomorrow
working demo especially good trick: force big brain make something to actually work to talk about and code to look at that do thing, will help big brain see reality on ground more quickly
remember! big brain have big brain! need only be harness for good and not in service of spirit complexity demon on accident, many times seen
(best grug brain able to herd multiple big brain in right direction and produce many complexity demon trap crystals, large shiney rock pile awaits such grug!)
also sometimes call demo approach "prototype", sound fancier to project manager
grug say prototype early in software making, _especially_ if many big brains
grug have love/hate relationship with test: test save grug many, many uncountable time and grug love and respect test
unfortunately also many test shamans exist. some test shaman make test idol, demand things like "first test" before grug even write code or have any idea what grug doing domain!
how grug test what grug not even understand domain yet!?
"Oh, don't worry: the tests will show you what you need to do."
grug once again catch grug slowly reaching for club, but grug stay calm
grug instead prefer write most tests after prototype phase, when code has begun firm up
but, note well: grug must here be very disciplined!
easy grug to move on and not write tests because "work on grugs machine"!
this very, very bad: no guarantee work on other machine and no guarantee work on grug machine in future, many times
test shaman have good point on importance of test, even if test shaman often sometimes not complete useful feature in life and talk only about test all time, deserve of club but heart in right place
also, test shaman often talk unit test very much, but grug not find so useful. grug experience that ideal tests are not unit test or either end-to-end test, but in-between test
unit tests[1] fine, ok, but break as implementation change (much compared api!) and make refactor hard and, frankly, many bugs anyway often due interactions other code. often throw away when code change.
grug write unit test mostly at start of project, help get things going but not get too attached or expect value long time
end to end[1] tests good, show whole system work, but! hard to understand when break and drive grug crazy very often, sometimes grugs just end up ignoring because "oh, that break all time" very bad!
in-between tests, grug hear shaman call "integration tests"[1] sometime often with sour look on face. but grug say integration test sweet spot according to grug: high level enough test correctness of system, low level enough, with good debugger, easy to see what break
grug prefer some unit tests especially at start but not 100% all code test and definitely not "first test". "test along the way" work pretty well for grug, especially as grug figure things out
grug focus much ferocious integration test effort as cut point emerge and system stabilize! cut point api hopefully stable compared implementation and integration test remain valuable many long time, and easy debug
also small, well curated end-to-end test suite is created to be kept working religiously on pain of clubbing. focus of important end-to-end test on most common UI features and few most important edge cases, but not too many or become impossible maintain and then ignored
this ideal set of test to grug
you may not like, but this peak grug testing
also, grug dislike mocking[1] in test, prefer only when absolute necessary to (rare/never) and coarse grain mocking (cut points/systems) only at that
one exception "first test" dislike by grug: when bug found. grug always try first reproduce bug with regression test _then_ fix bug, this case only for some reason work better
grug think agile not terrible, not good
end of day, not worst way to organize development, maybe better than others grug supposes is fine
danger, however, is agile shaman! many, many shiney rock lost to agile shaman!
whenever agile project fail, agile shaman say "you didn't do agile right!" grug note this awfully convenient for agile shaman, ask more shiney rock better agile train young grugs on agile, danger!
grug tempted reach for club when too much agile talk happen but always stay calm
prototyping, tools and hiring good grugs better key to success software: agile process ok and help some but sometimes hurt taken too seriously
grug say no silver club[1] fix all software problems no matter what agile shaman say (danger!)
refactoring fine activity and often good idea, especially later in project when code firmed up
however, grug note that many times in career "refactors" go horribly off rails and end up causing more harm than good
grug not sure exactly why some refactors work well, some fail, but grug notice that larger refactor, more likely failure appear to be
so grug try to keep refactors relatively small and not be "too far out from shore" during refactor. ideally system work entire time and each step of finish before other begin.
end-to-end tests are life saver here, but often very hard understand why broke... such is refactor life.
also grug notice that introducing too much abstraction often lead to refactor failure and system failure. good example was J2EE[1] introduce, many big brain sit around thinking too much abstraction, nothing good came of it many project hurt
another good example when company grug work for introduce OSGi[1] to help manage/trap spriit complexity demon in code base. not only OSGi not help, but make complexity demon much more powerful! took multiple man year of best developers to rework as well to boot! more complex spirit and now features impossible implement! very bad!
wise grug shaman chesterton[1] once say
here exists in such a case a certain institution or law; let us say, for the sake of simplicity, a fence or gate erected across a road. The more modern type of reformer goes gaily up to it and says, “I don’t see the use of this; let us clear it away.” To which the more intelligent type of reformer will do well to answer: “If you don’t see the use of it, I certainly won’t let you clear it away. Go away and think. Then, when you can come back and tell me that you do see the use of it, I may allow you to destroy it.”
many older grug learn this lesson well not start tearing code out willy nilly, no matter how ugly look
grug understand all programmer platonists at some level wish music of spheres perfection in code. but danger is here, world is ugly and gronky many times and so also must code be
humility not often come big brained or think big brained easily or grug even, but grug often find "oh, grug no like look of this, grug fix" lead many hours pain grug and no better or system worse even
grug early on in career often charge into code base waving club wildly and smash up everything, learn not good
grug not say no improve system ever, quite foolish, but recommend take time understand system first especially bigger system is and is respect code working today even if not perfect
here tests often good hint for why fence not to be smashed!
grug wonder why big brain take hardest problem, factoring system correctly, and introduce network call too
seem very confusing to grug
grug love tool. tool and control passion what separate grug from dinosaurs! tool allow grug brain to create code that not possible otherwise by doing thinking for grug, always good relief! grug always spend time in new place learning tools around him to maximize productivity: learn tools for two weeks make development often twice faster and often have dig around ask other developers help, no docs
code completion in IDE allow grug not have remembered all API, very important!
java programming nearly impossible without it for grug!
really make grug think some time
good debugger worth weight in shiney rocks, in fact also more: when faced with bug grug would often trade all shiney rock and perhaps few children for good debugger and anyway debugger no weigh anything far as grug can tell
grug always recommend new programmer learn available debugger very deeply, features like conditional break points, expression evaluation, stack navigation, etc teach new grug more about computer than university class often!
grug say never be not improving tooling
grug very like type systems make programming easier. for grug, type systems most value when grug hit dot on keyboard and list of things grug can do pop up magic. this 90% of value of type system or more to grug
big brain type system shaman often say type correctness main point type system, but grug note some big brain type system shaman not often ship code. grug suppose code never shipped is correct, in some sense, but not really what grug mean when say correct
grug say tool magic pop up of what can do and complete of code major most benefit of type system, correctness also good but not so nearly so much
also, often sometimes caution beware big brains here!
some type big brain think in type systems and talk in lemmas, potential danger!
danger abstraction too high, big brain type system code become astral projection of platonic generic turing model of computation into code base. grug confused and agree some level very elegant but also very hard do anything like record number of club inventory for Grug Inc. task at hand
generics especially dangerous here, grug try limit generics to container classes for most part where most value add
temptation generics very large is trick! spirit demon complex love this one trick! beware!
always most value type system come: hit dot see what grug can do, never forget!
grug once like to minimize lines of code much as possible. write code like this:
if(contact && !contact.isActive() && (contact.inGroup(FAMILY) || contact.inGroup(FRIENDS))) {
// ...
}
over time grug learn this hard debug, learn prefer write like so:
if(contact) {
var contactIsInactive = !contact.isActive();
var contactIsFamilyOrFriends = contact.inGroup(FAMILY) || contact.inGroup(FRIENDS);
if(contactIsInactive && contactIsFamilyOrFriends) {
// ...
}
}
grug hear screams from young grugs at horror of many line of code and pointless variable and grug prepare defend self with club
club fight start with other developers attack and grug yell: "easier debug! see result of each expression more clearly and good name! easier understand conditional expression! EASIER DEBUG!"
definitely easier debug and once club fight end calm down and young grug think a bit, they realize grug right
grug still catch grug writing code like first example and often regret, so grug not judge young grug
DRY[1] mean Don't Repeat Self, powerful maxim over mind of most developers
grug respect DRY and good advice, however grug recommend balance in all things, as gruggest big brain aristotle recommend
grug note humourous graph by Lea Verou correspond with grug passion not repeat:
<img alt="code concerns over time" src="over-time.png" style="width: 100%; clear: both"/>
over time past ten years program grug not as concerned repeat code. so long as repeat code simple enough and obvious enough, and grug begin feel repeat/copy paste code with small variation is better than many callback/closures passed arguments or elaborate object model: too hard complex for too little benefit at times
hard balance here, repeat code always still make grug stare and say "mmm" often, but experience show repeat code sometimes often better than complex DRY solution
note well! grug encourage over literal developer not take does work line too serious, is joke
1: Separation of Concerns (SoC)
Separation of Concern (SoC)[1] another powerful idea over many developer mind, idea to separate different aspects of system into distinct sections code
1: Separation of Concern (SoC)
canonical example from web development: separation of style (css file), markup (html file) and logic (javascript file)
here grug much more sour faced than DRY and in fact write big brained essay on alternative design principle locality of behavior (LoB)[1] against SoC
grug much prefer put code on the thing that do the thing. now when grug look at the thing grug know the thing what the thing do, alwasy good relief!
when separate of concern grug must often all over tarnation many file look understand what how button do, much confuse and time waste: bad!
grug like closures for right job and that job usually abstracting operation over collection of objects
grug warn closures like salt, type systems and generics: small amount go long way, but easy spoil things too much use give heart attack
javascript developers call very special complexity demon spirit in javascript "callback hell" because too much closure used by javascript libraries very sad but also javascript developer get what deserved let grug be frank
grug huge fan of logging and encourage lots of it, especially in cloud deployed. some non-grugs say logging expensive and not important. grug used think this way no more
funny story: grug learn idol rob pike[1] working on logging at google and decide: "if rob pike working on logging, what grug do there?!?" so not pursue. turn out logging _very_ important to google so of course best programmer work on it, grug!
don't be such grug brain, grug, much less shiney rock now!
oh well, grug end up at good company anyway and rob pike dress habit increasingly erratic[1], so all work out in end, but point stand: logging very important!
grug tips on logging are:
- log all major logical branches within code (if/for)
- if "request" span multiple machine in cloud infrastructure, include request ID in all so logs can be grouped
- if possible make log level dynamically controlled, so grug can turn on/off when need debug issue (many!)
- if possible make log level per user, so can debug specific user issue
last two points are especially handy club when fighting bugs in production systems very often
unfortunately log libraries often very complex (java, why you do?[1] but worth investing time in getting logging infrastructure "just right" pay off big later in grug experience
logging need taught more in schools, grug think
grug, like all sane developer, fear concurrency
as much as possible, grug try to rely on simple concurrency models like stateless web request handlers and simple remote job worker queues where jobs no interdepend and simple api
optimistic concurrency[1] seem work well for web stuff
occasionally grug reach for thread local variable[1], usually when writing framework code
some language have good concurrent data structure, like java ConcurrentHashMap[1] but still need careful grug work to get right
grug has never used erlang[1], hear good things, but language look wierd to grug sorry
ultra biggest of brain developer once say:
premature optimization is the root of all evil
this everyone mostly know and grug in humble violent agreement with ultra biggest of big brain
grug recommend always to have concrete, real world perf profile showing specific perf issue before begin optimizing.
never know what actual issue might be, grug often surprise! very often!
beware only cpu focus: easy to see cpu and much big o notation thinking having been done in school, but often not root of all slowness, surprise to many including grug
hitting network equivalent of many, many millions cpu cycle and always to be minimized if possible, note well big brain microservice developer!
inexperienced big brain developer see nested loop and often say "O(n^2)? Not on my watch!"
complexity demon spirit smile
grug love good apis. good apis not make grug think too much
unfortunately, many apis very bad, make grug think quite a bit. this happen many reasons, here two:
- API creators think in terms of implementation or domain of API, rather than in terms of use of API
- API creators think too abstract and big brained
usually grug not care too deeply about detail of api: want write file or sort list or whatever, just want to call `write()` or `sort()` or whatever
but big brain api developers say:
"not so fast, grug! is that file *open for write*? did you define a *Comparator* for that sort?"
grug find self restraining hand reaching for club again
not care about that stuff right now, just want sort and write file mr big brain!
grug recognize that big brain api designer have point and that _sometime_ these things matter, but often do not.
big brain api developers better if design for simple cases with simple api, make complex cases possible with more complex api
grug call this "layering" apis: two or three different apis at different level complexity for various grug needs
also, if object oriented, put api on thing instead of elsewhere. java worst at this!
grug want filter list in java
"Did you convert it to a stream?"
fine, grug convert to stream
"OK, now you can filter."
OK, but now need return list! have stream!
"Well, did you collect your stream into a list?"
what?
"Define a Collector<? super T, A, R> to collect your stream into a list"
grug now swear on ancestor grave he club every single person in room, but count two instead and remain calm
put common thing like `filter()` on list and make return list, listen well big brain java api developer!
nobody care about "stream" or even hear of "stream" before, is not networking api, all java grugs use list mr big brain!
grug love make programming language at drop of hat and say recursive descent[1] most fun and beautiful way create parser
unfortunately many big brain school teach only parser generator tool. here grug usual love of tool is not: parser generator tool generate code of awful snakes nest: impossible understand, bottom up, what? hide recursive nature of grammar from grug and debug impossible, very bad according grug!
grug think this because while complexity demon bad for code base and understand, complexity demon very good for generation of much academic papers, sad but true
production parser almost always recursive descent, despite ignore by schools! grug furious when learn how simple parse is! parsing not big brain only magic: so can you!
grug very elated find big brain developer Bob Nystrom redeem the big brain tribe and write excellent book on recursive descent: Crafting Interpreters[1]
book available online free, but grug highly recommend all interested grugs purchase book on general principle, provide much big brain advice and grug love book _very_ much except visitor pattern (trap!)
bad[1]
some non-grugs, when faced with web development say:
"I know, I'll split my front end and back end codebase up and use a hot new SPA library talking to a GraphQL JSON API back end over HTTP (which is funny because I'm not transferring hypertext)"
now you have two complexity demon spirit lairs
and, what is worse, front end complexity demon spirit even more powerful and have deep spiritual hold on entire front end industry as far as grug can tell
back end developers try keep things simple and can work ok, but front end developers make very complex very quickly and introduce lots of code, demon complex spirit
even when website just need put form into database or simple brochure site!
everyone do this now!
grug not sure why except maybe facebook and google say so, but that not seem very good reason to grug
grug not like big complex front end libraries everyone use
grug make htmx[1] and hyperscript[2] to avoid
keep complexity low, simple HTML, avoid lots javascript, the natural ether of spirit complexity demon
maybe they work for you, but no job post, sorry
react better for job and also some type application, but also you become alcolyte of complexity demon whether you like or no, sorry such is front end life
grug note lots of fads in development, especially front end development today
back end better more boring because all bad ideas have tried at this point maybe (still retry some!)
still trying all bad ideas in front end development so still much change and hard to know
grug recommend taking all revolutionary new approach with grain salt: big brains have working for long time on computers now, most ideas have tried at least once
grug not saying can't learn new tricks or no good new ideas, but also much of time wasted on recycled bad ideas, lots of spirit complexity demon power come from putting new idea willy nilly into code base
note! very good if senior grug willing to say publicly: "hmmm, this too complex for grug"!
many developers Fear Of Looking Dumb (FOLD), grug also at one time FOLD, but grug learn get over: very important senior grug say "this too complicated and confuse to me"
this make it ok for junior grugs to admit too complex and not understand as well, often such case! FOLD major source of complexity demon power over developer, especially young grugs!
take FOLD power away, very good of senior grug!
note: important to make thinking face and look big brained when saying though. be prepare for big brain or, worse and much more common, *thinks* is big brain to make snide remark of grug
be strong! no FOLD!
club sometimes useful here, but more often sense of humor and especially last failed project by big brain very useful, so collect and be calm
grug note many such impostor feels in development
always grug one of two states: grug is ruler of all survey, wield code club like thor OR grug have no idea what doing
grug is mostly latter state most times, hide it pretty well though
now, grug make softwares of much work and moderate open source success[1] , and yet grug himself often feel not any idea what doing! very often! grug still fear make mistake break everyone code and disappoint other grugs, imposter!
1: moderate open source success
is maybe nature of programming for most grug to feel impostor and be ok with is best: nobody imposter if everybody imposter
any young grug read this far probably do fine in program career even if frustrations and worry is always to be there, sorry
grug like these:
- Worse is Better[1]
- Worse is Better is Worse[1]
- Is Worse Really Better?[2]
- A Philosophy of Software Design[3]
3: A Philosophy of Software Design
_you_ say: complexity *very*, *very* bad