Europe
Page last updated: April 24, 2024
The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the end of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became a federal independent communist state consisting of six socialist republics, including Croatia, under the strong hand of Josip Broz, aka TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before Yugoslav forces were cleared from Croatian lands, along with a majority of Croatia's ethnic Serb population. Under UN supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998. The country joined NATO in 2009 and the EU in 2013. In January 2023, Croatia further integrated into the EU by joining the Eurozone and the Schengen Area.
Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia
45°10' N, 15°30' E
Europe
Total: 56,594 km²
Land: 55,974 km²
Water: 620 km²
Slightly smaller than West Virginia
Area comparison map:
Total: 2,237 km
Border countries (5): Bosnia and Herzegovina 956 km; Hungary 348 km; Montenegro 19 km; Serbia 314 km; Slovenia 600 km
5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast
Geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands
Highest point: Dinara 1,831 m
Lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
Mean elevation: 331 m
Oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower
Agricultural land: 23.7% (2018 est.)
Arable land: 16% (2018 est.)
Permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est.)
Permanent pasture: 6.2% (2018 est.)
Forest: 34.4% (2018 est.)
Other: 41.9% (2018 est.)
171 km² (2020)
Dunav (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km
Note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 km²)
More of the population lives in the northern half of the country, with approximately a quarter of the populace residing in and around the capital of Zagreb; many of the islands are sparsely populated
Destructive earthquakes
Controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits; most Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of Croatia - some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks
4,169,239 (2023 est.)
Noun: Croat(s), Croatian(s)
Adjective: Croatian
Note: the French designation of "Croate" to Croatian mercenaries in the 17th century eventually became "Cravate" and later came to be applied to the soldiers' scarves - the cravat; Croatia celebrates Cravat Day every 18 October
Croat 91.6%, Serb 3.2%, other 3.9% (including Bosniak, Romani, Albanian, Italian, and Hungarian), unspecified 1.3% (2021 est.)
Croatian (official) 95.2%, Serbian 1.2%, other 3.1% (including Bosnian, Romani, Albanian, and Italian) unspecified 0.5% (2021 est.)
Major-language sample(s):
Knjiga svjetskih ÄŤinjenica, nuĹľan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Croatian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Roman Catholic 79%, Orthodox 3.3%, Protestant 0.3%, other Christian 4.8%, Muslim 1.3%, other 1.1%, agnostic 1.7%, none or atheist 4.7%, unspecified 3.9% (2021 est.)
0-14 years: 13.98% (male 300,575/female 282,165)
15-64 years: 63.39% (male 1,319,878/female 1,322,953)
65 years and over: 22.63% (2023 est.) (male 391,632/female 552,036)
2023 population pyramid:
Total dependency ratio: 56.5
Youth dependency ratio: 22.1
Elderly dependency ratio: 34.4
Potential support ratio: 2.9 (2021 est.)
Total: 44.8 years (2023 est.)
Male: 42.9 years
Female: 46.7 years
-0.47% (2023 est.)
8.6 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
13 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
More of the population lives in the northern half of the country, with approximately a quarter of the populace residing in and around the capital of Zagreb; many of the islands are sparsely populated
Urban population: 58.6% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030
684,000 ZAGREB (capital) (2023)
At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2023 est.)
29 years (2020 est.)
5 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)
Total: 8.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)
Male: 8.4 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 8.8 deaths/1,000 live births
Total population: 77.5 years (2023 est.)
Male: 74.4 years
Female: 80.8 years
1.46 children born/woman (2023 est.)
0.71 (2023 est.)
NA
Improved: urban: NA
Rural: NA
Total: 100% of population
Unimproved: urban: NA
Rural: NA
Total: 0% of population (2020 est.)
7.8% of GDP (2020)
3.47 physicians/1,000 population (2019)
5.5 beds/1,000 population (2017)
Improved: urban: 99.5% of population
Rural: 98.4% of population
Total: 99% of population
Unimproved: urban: 0.5% of population
Rural: 1.6% of population
Total: 1% of population (2020 est.)
Degree of risk: intermediate (2023)
Vectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis
24.4% (2016)
Total: 9.64 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Beer: 4.75 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Wine: 3.52 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Spirits: 1.37 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Other alcohols: 0.36 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Total: 36.9% (2020 est.)
Male: 37.6% (2020 est.)
Female: 36.1% (2020 est.)
NA
50.8% (2023 est.)
5.5% of GDP (2020 est.)
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 99.4%
Male: 99.7%
Female: 99.2% (2021)
Total: 15 years
Male: 14 years
Female: 16 years (2020)
Air pollution improving but still a concern in urban settings and in emissions arriving from neighboring countries; surface water pollution in the Danube River Basin
Party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
Signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast
Agricultural land: 23.7% (2018 est.)
Arable land: 16% (2018 est.)
Permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est.)
Permanent pasture: 6.2% (2018 est.)
Forest: 34.4% (2018 est.)
Other: 41.9% (2018 est.)
Urban population: 58.6% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030
0.26% of GDP (2018 est.)
0% of GDP (2018 est.)
Particulate matter emissions: 15.29 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 17.49 megatons (2016 est.)
Methane emissions: 3.98 megatons (2020 est.)
Municipal solid waste generated annually: 1.654 million tons (2015 est.)
Municipal solid waste recycled annually: 269,933 tons (2015 est.)
Percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 16.3% (2015 est.)
Dunav (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km
Note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 km²)
Municipal: 460 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Industrial: 700 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Agricultural: 80 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
105.5 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)
Total global geoparks and regional networks: 3 (2024)
Global geoparks and regional networks: Biokovo-Imotski Lakes; Papuk; Vis Archipelago (2024)
Conventional long form: Republic of Croatia
Conventional short form: Croatia
Local long form: Republika Hrvatska
Local short form: Hrvatska
Former: People's Republic of Croatia, Socialist Republic of Croatia
Etymology: name derives from the Croats, a Slavic tribe who migrated to the Balkans in the 7th century A.D.
Parliamentary republic
Name: Zagreb
Geographic coordinates: 45 48 N, 16 00 E
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Etymology: the name seems to be related to "digging"; archeologists suggest that the original settlement was established beyond a water-filled hole or graba and that the name derives from this; za in Slavic means "beyond"; the overall meaning may be "beyond the trench (fault, channel, ditch)"
20 counties (zupanije, zupanija - singular) and 1 city* (grad - singular) with special county status; Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska (Bjelovar-Bilogora), Brodsko-Posavska (Brod-Posavina), Dubrovacko-Neretvanska (Dubrovnik-Neretva), Istarska (Istria), Karlovacka (Karlovac), Koprivnicko-Krizevacka (Koprivnica-Krizevci), Krapinsko-Zagorska (Krapina-Zagorje), Licko-Senjska (Lika-Senj), Medimurska (Medimurje), Osjecko-Baranjska (Osijek-Baranja), Pozesko-Slavonska (Pozega-Slavonia), Primorsko-Goranska (Primorje-Gorski Kotar), Sibensko-Kninska (Sibenik-Knin), Sisacko-Moslavacka (Sisak-Moslavina), Splitsko-Dalmatinska (Split-Dalmatia), Varazdinska (Varazdin), Viroviticko-Podravska (Virovitica-Podravina), Vukovarsko-Srijemska (Vukovar-Syrmia), Zadarska (Zadar), Zagreb*, Zagrebacka (Zagreb county)
25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia); note - 25 June 1991 was the day the Croatian parliament voted for independence; following a three-month moratorium to allow the European Community to solve the Yugoslav crisis peacefully, parliament adopted a decision on 8 October 1991 to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia; notable earlier dates: ca. 925 (Kingdom of Croatia established); 1 December 1918 (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (Yugoslavia) established)
Statehood Day (National Day), 30 May (1990); note - marks the day in 1990 that the first modern multi-party Croatian parliament convened
History: several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1990
Amendments: proposed by at least one fifth of the Assembly membership, by the president of the republic, by the Government of Croatia, or through petition by at least 10% of the total electorate; proceedings to amend require majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; passage by petition requires a majority vote in a referendum and promulgation by the Assembly; amended several times, last in 2014
Civil law system influenced by legal heritage of Austria-Hungary; note - Croatian law was fully harmonized with the European Community acquis as of the June 2010 completion of EU accession negotiations
Has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Croatia
Dual citizenship recognized: yes
Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
18 years of age; universal
Chief of state: President Zoran MILANOVIC (since 18 February 2020)
Head of government: Prime Minister Andrej PLENKOVIC (since 19 October 2016); Deputy Prime Ministers Tomo MEDVED (since 23 July 2020), Davor BOZINOVIC (since 12 July 2019), Oleg BUTKOVIC (since 15 July 2022), Branko BACIC (since 17 January 2023), Anja SIMPRAG (since 29 April 2022)
Cabinet: Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the Assembly
Elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 22 December 2019 with a runoff on 5 January 2020 (next to be held in 2024); the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president and approved by the Assembly
Election results:
2019: Zoran MILANOVIC elected president in second round; percent of vote in second round - Zoran MILANOVIC (SDP) 52.7%, Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC (HDZ) 47.3%
2015: Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC elected president in second round; percent of vote in second round - Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC (HDZ) 50.7%, Ivo JOSIPOVIC (Forward Croatia Progressive Alliance) 49.3%
Description: unicameral Assembly or Hrvatski Sabor (151 seats; 140 members in 10 multi-seat constituencies and 3 members in a single constituency for Croatian diaspora directly elected by proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method with a 5% threshold; an additional 8 members elected from a nationwide constituency by simple majority by voters belonging to minorities recognized by Croatia; the Serb minority elects 3 Assembly members, the Hungarian and Italian minorities elect 1 each, the Czech and Slovak minorities elect 1 jointly, and all other minorities elect 2; all members serve 4-year terms
Elections: early election held on 5 July 2020 (next to be held on 17 April 2024)
Election results: percent of vote by party/coalition - HDZ-led coalition 37.3%, Restart coalition 24.9%, DP-led coalition 10.9%, MOST 7.4%, Green-Left coalition 7%, P-F-SSIP 4%, HNS-LD 1.3%, NS-R 1%, other 6.2%; seats by party/coalition - HDZ-led coalition 66, Restart coalition 41, DP-led coalition 16, MOST 8, Green-Left coalition 7, P-F-SSIP 3, HNS-LD 1, NS-R 1, national minorities 8; composition as of March 2024 - men 100, women 51, percentage women 33.8%
Note: seats by party as of January 2024 - HDZ 62, SDP 14, Social Democrats 11, MOST 7, DP 5, HS 4, We Can! 4, HSS 3, SDSS 3, Focus 2, HDS 2, HSLS 2, IDS 2, BLOK 1, Center 1, GLAS 1, HNS 1, HRB 1, NS-R 1, NL 1, OIP 1, PH 1, RF 1, SSIP 1, independent 19
Highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the court president and vice president, 25 civil department justices, and 16 criminal department justices)
Judge selection and term of office: president of Supreme Court nominated by the president of Croatia and elected by the Sabor for a 4-year term; other Supreme Court justices appointed by the National Judicial Council; all judges serve until age 70
Subordinate courts: Administrative Court; county, municipal, and specialized courts; note - there is an 11-member Constitutional Court with jurisdiction limited to constitutional issues but is outside of the judicial system
Bloc for Croatia or BLOK or BZH [Zlatko HASANBEGOVIC]
The Bridge or MOST [Bozo PETROV] (formerly the Bridge of Independent Lists)
Center or Centar [Ivica PULJAK] (formerly Pametno and Party with a First and Last Name or SSIP)
Civic Liberal Alliance or GLAS [Ankar Mrak TARITAS]
Croatian Demochristian Party or HDS [Goran DODIG]
Croatian Democratic Alliance of Slavonia and Baranja or HDSSB [Branimir GLAVAS]
Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Andrej PLENKOVIC]
Croatian Democratic Union-led coalition (includes HSLS, HDS, HDSSB)
Croatian Party of Pensioners or HSU [Veselko GABRICEVIC]
Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Kreso BELJAK]
Croatian People's Party - Liberal Democrats or HNS or HNS-LD [Mirko KOROTAJ, acting]
Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Dario HREBAK]
Croatian Sovereignists or HS [Marijan PAVLICEK]
Determination and Justice Party or OIP [Karolina Vidović KRISTO]
Focus on the Important or Focus [Davor NADI]
Green-Left coalition [collective leadership] (includes MOZEMO!, NL)
Homeland Movement or DP [Ivan PENAVA] (also known as Miroslav Ĺ koro Homeland Movement or DPMS)
Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Milorad PUPOVAC]
Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Dalibor PAUS]
New Left or NL [Ivana KEKIN]
People's Party - Reformists or NS-R [Radimir CACIC]
Pulse of Croatia or HRB [Ante PRKACIN]
Restart Coalition (includes SDP, HSS, HSU, GLAS, IDS, NS-R)
Righteous Croatia or PH [Milan VRKLJAN]
Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Peda GRBIN]
Social Democrats or SD [Davorko VIDOVIC]
We Can! or Mozemo! [collective leadership]
Workers' Front or RF [collective leadership]
AIIB, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EMU, EU, FAO, G-11, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (observer), NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue - the Pan-Slav colors - superimposed by the Croatian coat of arms; the coat of arms consists of one main shield (a checkerboard of 13 red and 12 silver (white) fields) surmounted by five smaller shields that form a crown over the main shield; the five small shields represent five historic regions (from left to right): Croatia, Dubrovnik, Dalmatia, Istria, and Slavonia
Note: the Pan-Slav colors were inspired by the 19th-century flag of Russia
Red-white checkerboard; national colors: red, white, blue
Name: "Lijepa nasa domovino" (Our Beautiful Homeland)
Lyrics/music: Antun MIHANOVIC/Josip RUNJANIN
Note: adopted in 1972 while still part of Yugoslavia; "Lijepa nasa domovino," whose lyrics were written in 1835, served as an unofficial anthem beginning in 1891
Total World Heritage Sites: 10 (8 cultural, 2 natural)
Selected World Heritage Site locales: Plitvice Lakes National Park (n); Historic Split (c); Old City of Dubrovnik (c); Euphrasian Basilica; Historic Trogir (c); Šibenik Cathedral (c); Stari Grad Plain (c); Zadar and Fort St. Nikola Venetian Defense Works (c); Primeval Beech Forests (n); Stećci Medieval Tombstones Graveyards (c)
Tourism-based economy that was one of the hardest hit by COVID-19 economic disruptions; newest euro user since 2023, helping recover from a 6-year recession; public debt increases due to COVID-19 and stimulus packages; weak exports; continuing emigration; new liquefied natural gas import terminal
$132.256 billion (2022 est.)
$124.363 billion (2021 est.)
$109.296 billion (2020 est.)
Note: data in 2017 dollars
6.35% (2022 est.)
13.78% (2021 est.)
-8.59% (2020 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
$34,300 (2022 est.)
$32,100 (2021 est.)
$27,000 (2020 est.)
Note: data in 2017 dollars
$71.6 billion (2022 est.)
Note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
10.78% (2022 est.)
2.55% (2021 est.)
0.15% (2020 est.)
Note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Fitch rating: BBB- (2019)
Moody's rating: Ba1 (2020)
Standard & Poors rating: BBB- (2019)
Note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.
Agriculture: 3.7% (2017 est.)
Industry: 26.2% (2017 est.)
Services: 70.1% (2017 est.)
Comparison rankings: services 69; industry 107; agriculture 143
Household consumption: 57.3% (2017 est.)
Government consumption: 19.5% (2017 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 20% (2017 est.)
Investment in inventories: 0% (2017 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 51.1% (2017 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -48.8% (2017 est.)
Maize, wheat, sugar beet, milk, barley, soybeans, potatoes, pork, grapes, sunflower seed
Chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages, tourism
2.69% (2022 est.)
Note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
1.732 million (2022 est.)
Note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
6.96% (2022 est.)
7.61% (2021 est.)
7.51% (2020 est.)
Note: % of labor force seeking employment
Total: 23.6% (2021 est.)
Male: 21.8%
Female: 26.3%
18% (2021 est.)
Note: % of population with income below national poverty line
29.5 (2020 est.)
Note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
On food: 23% of household expenditures (2018 est.)
On alcohol and tobacco: 2.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)
Lowest 10%: 2.9%
Highest 10%: 22.3% (2020 est.)
Note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
7.53% of GDP (2022 est.)
7.28% of GDP (2021 est.)
7.25% of GDP (2020 est.)
Note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Revenues: $212.81 billion (2019 est.)
Expenditures: $211.069 billion (2019 est.)
0.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
91% of GDP (2021 est.)
98.78% of GDP (2020 est.)
81.68% of GDP (2019 est.)
Note: central government debt as a % of GDP
20.13% (of GDP) (2021 est.)
Note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Calendar year
-$1.464 billion (2022 est.)
$2.082 billion (2021 est.)
-$184.775 million (2020 est.)
Note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
$41.953 billion (2022 est.)
$35.308 billion (2021 est.)
$24.007 billion (2020 est.)
Note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Italy 13%, Germany 13%, Slovenia 10%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 9%, Austria 6%, Serbia 5% (2019)
Refined petroleum, crude petroleum, packaged medicines, electricity, electrical transformers (2021)
$46.307 billion (2022 est.)
$36.331 billion (2021 est.)
$27.954 billion (2020 est.)
Note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Italy 14%, Germany 14%, Slovenia 11%, Hungary 7%, Austria 6% (2019)
Crude petroleum, cars, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, electricity (2019)
$29.726 billion (2022 est.)
$28.309 billion (2021 est.)
$23.254 billion (2020 est.)
Note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
$48.263 billion (2019 est.)
$51.176 billion (2018 est.)
Euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates:
7.16 (2022 est.)
6.36 (2021 est.)
6.614 (2020 est.)
6.623 (2019 est.)
6.279 (2018 est.)
Note: Rates shown through 2022 are for the kuna, which Croatia used prior to conversion to the euro on 1 January 2023. During the transition period the exchange rate was fixed at 7.53450 kuna to 1 euro.
Electrification - total population: 100% (2021)
Installed generating capacity: 4.94 million kW (2020 est.)
Consumption: 16,790,680,000 kWh (2019 est.)
Exports: 5.852 billion kWh (2020 est.)
Imports: 10.491 billion kWh (2020 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 1.659 billion kWh (2019 est.)
Comparison rankings: imports 23; exports 34; installed generating capacity 88; transmission/distribution losses 121; consumption 76
Fossil fuels: 41% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Solar: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Wind: 16.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Hydroelectricity: 31.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Geothermal: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Biomass and waste: 9.3% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Production: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
Consumption: 643,000 metric tons (2020 est.)
Exports: 2,000 metric tons (2020 est.)
Imports: 644,000 metric tons (2020 est.)
Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)
Total petroleum production: 12,200 bbl/day (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum consumption: 71,500 bbl/day (2019 est.)
Crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.)
Crude oil and lease condensate imports: 65,200 bbl/day (2018 est.)
Crude oil estimated reserves: 71 million barrels (2021 est.)
74,620 bbl/day (2015 est.)
40,530 bbl/day (2015 est.)
35,530 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Production: 851.005 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Consumption: 3,009,113,000 cubic meters (2020 est.)
Exports: 34.462 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Imports: 2,131,802,000 cubic meters (2020 est.)
Proven reserves: 24.919 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
16.752 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke: 1.674 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 9.4 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
From consumed natural gas: 5.678 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
89.733 million Btu/person (2019 est.)
Total subscriptions: 1,234,915 (2022 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 31 (2021 est.)
Total subscriptions: 4,402,213 (2021 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 108 (2021 est.)
General assessment: the mobile market is served by three MNOs, supplemented by a number of MVNOs; the network operators have focused on improving ARPU by encouraging prepaid subscribers to migrate to postpaid plans, and on developing revenue from mobile data services; 5G services are widely available, though the sector will only show its full potential later in 2021 following the award of licenses in several bands; this will contribute towards the government’s national broadband plan to 2027, which is tied to the EC’s two allied projects aimed at providing gigabit connectivity by the end of 2025; the broadband sector benefits from effective competition between the DSL and cable platforms, while there are also numerous fiber deployments in urban areas; the number of FttP subscribers broached 134,000 in March 2021. (2021)
Domestic: fixed-line teledensity 31 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions are 108 per 100 (2021)
International: country code - 385; the ADRIA-1 submarine cable provides connectivity to Albania and Greece; digital international service is provided through the main switch in Zagreb; Croatia participates in the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic project, which consists of 2 fiber-optic trunk connections with Slovenia and a fiber-optic trunk line from Rijeka to Split and Dubrovnik (2019)
The national state-owned public broadcaster, Croatian Radiotelevision, operates 4 terrestrial TV networks, a satellite channel that rebroadcasts programs for Croatians living abroad, and 6 regional TV centers; 2 private broadcasters operate national terrestrial networks; 29 privately owned regional TV stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; state-owned public broadcaster operates 4 national radio networks and 23 regional radio stations; 2 privately owned national radio networks and 117 local radio stations (2019)
.hr
Total: 3.321 million (2021 est.)
Percent of population: 81% (2021 est.)
Total: 1,030,973 (2020 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 25 (2020 est.)
Number of registered air carriers: 2 (2020)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 18
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 2,093,577 (2018)
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 530,000 (2018) mt-km
9A
40 (2024)
4 (2024)
2,410 km gas, 610 km oil (2011)
Total: 2,617 km (2020) 980 km electrified
Total: 26,958 km (2022)
4,714 km (2022) Danube 2,859 km, Sava 562 km, Drava 505 km, Neretva 20 km, Bosut 151 km, Kupa 296 km, Mura 53 km, Korana 134 km, Lonja 134 km
Total: 384 (2023)
By type: bulk carrier 10, general cargo 32, oil tanker 14, other 328
Major seaport(s): Ploce, Rijeka, Sibenik, Split
Oil terminal(s): Omisalj
LNG terminal(s) (import): Krk Island
River port(s): Vukovar (Danube)
Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia (Oruzane Snage Republike Hrvatske, OSRH): Ground Forces (Hrvatska Kopnena Vojska, HKoV), Naval Forces (Hrvatska Ratna Mornarica, HRM; includes Coast Guard), Air Force (Hrvatsko Ratno Zrakoplovstvo, HRZ) (2024)
Note: the Ministry of the Interior is responsible for internal security, including law enforcement (Croatia Police) and border security
1.8% of GDP (2023 est.)
1.8% of GDP (2022)
2% of GDP (2021)
1.7% of GDP (2020)
1.6% of GDP (2019)
Approximately 15,000 active-duty personnel (10,000 Army; 1,500 Navy; 1,500 Air force; 2,000 joint/other) (2023)
The military's inventory is a mix of Soviet-era equipment and a growing amount of more modern weapon systems from Western suppliers, including France, Germany, and the US (2024)
18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2008 (2024)
Note: as of 2021, women comprised nearly 15% of the military's full-time personnel
150 Kosovo (KFOR/NATO); 175 Lithuania (NATO; Croatia also has a few hundred personnel participating in several other EU, NATO, and UN missions (2024)
The Armed Forces of Croatia (OSRH) are responsible for the defense of Croatia’s sovereignty and territory, contributing to international humanitarian, peacekeeping, and security missions, and providing assistance to civil authorities for such missions as responding to disasters, search and rescue, anti-terrorism, and internal security in times of crisis if called upon by the prime minister or the president; Croatia joined NATO in 2009, and the OSRH participates in NATO missions, including its peacekeeping force in Kosovo and the Enhanced Forward Presence mission in Eastern Europe; it also contributes to EU and UN missions; the OSRH trains regularly with NATO and regional partners
The OSRH was established in 1991 from the Croatian National Guard during the Croatian War of Independence (1991-95); during the war, the ground forces grew to as many as 60 brigades and dozens of independent battalions, and a single military offensive against Serbian forces in 1995 included some 100,000 Croatian troops; in 2000, Croatia initiated an effort to modernize and reform the OSRH into a small, professional military capable of meeting the challenges of NATO membership; the current 15,000-strong military’s principal combat forces are two mechanized infantry brigades, a small joint service special operations command, a flotilla of missile boats and coastal patrol vessels, and a squadron of Soviet-era fighter aircraft that are in the process of being replaced by more modern French aircraft (2023)
Refugees (country of origin): 24,525 (Ukraine) (as of 29 February 2024)
Stateless persons: 2,889 (2022)
Note: 843,010 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2023)
Drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine destined for European markets