2011-06-29 10:22:28
By Victoria Gill Science reporter, BBC Nature
Happier orangutans are more likely to live for longer, according to a study.
A team of researchers in the UK and US devised a method to measure the
happiness, or subjective well-being, of captive orangutans.
In a follow-up study seven years later, the scientists found that happier
primates were much more likely still to be alive.
The findings are published in the Royal Society journal Biology Letters.
The team, led by Dr Alex Weiss from the University of Edinburgh, asked the
people who worked closely with each captive orangutan to participate in the
study. He asked the keepers and carers to complete a questionnaire about
individual animals they knew well; assessing the orangutans' personalities and
attitude.
"The assessment was modelled on [established] methods of assessing human
well-being," Dr Weiss explained to BBC Nature.
The questionnaire posed four key questions, including how much time the
orangutan in question spent "happy, contented and enjoying itself". It also
asked the human participants to imagine how happy they would be if they were
that orangutan for a week.
By working out a happiness score for each of nearly 200 animals, the team was
able to see how happiness influenced the orangutans' lives. Seven years later,
when they revisited the study, they could see a clear association between
happiness and longevity.
Fitter, happier
Start Quote
We might be able to extend life by more closely monitoring the health of an
animal that seems unhappy
Dr Alex Weiss University of Edinburgh
Orangutans videos, news and facts: BBC Nature
Professor Richard Byrne, a primate expert from the University of St Andrews who
was not involved in this study said that "the findings were clear".
"[The team has] worked out that the difference between an orangutan being rated
as very happy, compared to very unhappy, equated to 11 additional years of
life-expectancy," said Professor Byrne.
But, he continued, "the authors rightly point out that the data don't tell us
whether some subtle sign of health or illness makes an orangutan act more or
less happy, or if its the reverse - that something intrinsic to the individual
orangutan, which shows up externally as happiness or sadness to us, predisposes
the individual to be more likely to stay healthy or get ill."
But even without fully understanding whether happiness causes long life or if
better health causes happiness, the researchers hope their results will be used
to improve and extend the lives of endangered orangutans.
"[In captivity], we might be able to extend life by more closely monitoring the
health of an animal that seems unhappy," explained Dr Weiss.
He also thinks the work could be usefully applied to wild orangutans.
"There are lots of sanctuaries that are temporary homes for animals that are
rescued having been captured by traders and hunters," Dr Weiss told BBC Nature.
"These happiness or well-being measures could be used to work out if an animal
is ready to be reintroduced into the wild.
"I'd love to see this questionnaire being used more broadly."