PTHREAD_SETCANCELSTATE(3) Linux Programmer's Manual PTHREAD_SETCANCELSTATE(3)
NAME
pthread_setcancelstate, pthread_setcanceltype - set cancelability state and type
SYNOPSIS
#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_setcancelstate(int state, int *oldstate);
int pthread_setcanceltype(int type, int *oldtype);
Compile and link with -pthread.
DESCRIPTION
The pthread_setcancelstate() sets the cancelability state of the calling thread to the value given in state. The previous cancelability state of the thread is
returned in the buffer pointed to by oldstate. The state argument must have one of the following values:
PTHREAD_CANCEL_ENABLE
The thread is cancelable. This is the default cancelability state in all new threads, including the initial thread. The thread's cancelability type de‐
termines when a cancelable thread will respond to a cancellation request.
PTHREAD_CANCEL_DISABLE
The thread is not cancelable. If a cancellation request is received, it is blocked until cancelability is enabled.
The pthread_setcanceltype() sets the cancelability type of the calling thread to the value given in type. The previous cancelability type of the thread is re‐
turned in the buffer pointed to by oldtype. The type argument must have one of the following values:
PTHREAD_CANCEL_DEFERRED
A cancellation request is deferred until the thread next calls a function that is a cancellation point (see pthreads(7)). This is the default cancelabil‐
ity type in all new threads, including the initial thread.
Even with deferred cancellation, a cancellation point in an asynchronous signal handler may still be acted upon and the effect is as if it was an asyn‐
chronous cancellation.
PTHREAD_CANCEL_ASYNCHRONOUS
The thread can be canceled at any time. (Typically, it will be canceled immediately upon receiving a cancellation request, but the system doesn't guaran‐
tee this.)
The set-and-get operation performed by each of these functions is atomic with respect to other threads in the process calling the same function.
RETURN VALUE
On success, these functions return 0; on error, they return a nonzero error number.
ERRORS
The pthread_setcancelstate() can fail with the following error:
EINVAL Invalid value for state.
The pthread_setcanceltype() can fail with the following error:
EINVAL Invalid value for type.
ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────┬─────────┐
│Interface │ Attribute │ Value │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────┼─────────┤
│pthread_setcancelstate(), pthread_setcanceltype() │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────┼─────────┤
│pthread_setcancelstate(), pthread_setcanceltype() │ Async-cancel safety │ AC-Safe │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────┴─────────┘
CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
NOTES
For details of what happens when a thread is canceled, see pthread_cancel(3).
Briefly disabling cancelability is useful if a thread performs some critical action that must not be interrupted by a cancellation request. Beware of disabling
cancelability for long periods, or around operations that may block for long periods, since that will render the thread unresponsive to cancellation requests.
Asynchronous cancelability
Setting the cancelability type to PTHREAD_CANCEL_ASYNCHRONOUS is rarely useful. Since the thread could be canceled at any time, it cannot safely reserve re‐
sources (e.g., allocating memory with malloc(3)), acquire mutexes, semaphores, or locks, and so on. Reserving resources is unsafe because the application has no
way of knowing what the state of these resources is when the thread is canceled; that is, did cancellation occur before the resources were reserved, while they
were reserved, or after they were released? Furthermore, some internal data structures (e.g., the linked list of free blocks managed by the malloc(3) family of
functions) may be left in an inconsistent state if cancellation occurs in the middle of the function call. Consequently, clean-up handlers cease to be useful.
Functions that can be safely asynchronously canceled are called async-cancel-safe functions. POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008 require only that pthread_cancel(3),
pthread_setcancelstate(), and pthread_setcanceltype() be async-cancel-safe. In general, other library functions can't be safely called from an asynchronously
cancelable thread.
One of the few circumstances in which asynchronous cancelability is useful is for cancellation of a thread that is in a pure compute-bound loop.
Portability notes
The Linux threading implementations permit the oldstate argument of pthread_setcancelstate() to be NULL, in which case the information about the previous cance‐
lability state is not returned to the caller. Many other implementations also permit a NULL oldstat argument, but POSIX.1 does not specify this point, so porta‐
ble applications should always specify a non-NULL value in oldstate. A precisely analogous set of statements applies for the oldtype argument of pthread_set‐
canceltype().
EXAMPLES
See pthread_cancel(3).
SEE ALSO
pthread_cancel(3), pthread_cleanup_push(3), pthread_testcancel(3), pthreads(7)
Linux 2021-03-22 PTHREAD_SETCANCELSTATE(3)