More Active Sun Means Nasty Solar Storms Ahead

space.com Wed Jun 9, 6:00 pm ET

The sun is about to get a lot more active, which could have ill effects on

Earth. So to prepare, top sun scientists met Tuesday to discuss the best ways

to protect Earth's satellites and other vital systems from the coming solar

storms.

Solar storms occur when sunspots on our star erupt and spew out flumes of

charged particles that can damage power systems. The sun's activity typically

follows an 11-year cycle, and it looks to be coming out of a slump and gearing

up for an active period.

"The sun is waking up from a deep slumber, and in the next few years we expect

to see much higher levels of solar activity," said Richard Fisher, head of

NASA's Heliophysics Division. "At the same time, our technological society has

developed an unprecedented sensitivity to solar storms. The intersection of

these two issues is what we're getting together to discuss."

Fisher and other experts met at the Space Weather Enterprise Forum, which took

place in Washington, D.C., at the National Press Club.

Bad news for gizmos

People of the 21st century rely on high-tech systems for the basics of daily

life. But smart power grids, GPS navigation, air travel, financial services and

emergency radio communications can all be knocked out by intense solar

activity.

A major solar storm could cause twenty times more economic damage than

Hurricane Katrina, warned the National Academy of Sciences in a 2008 report,

"Severe Space Weather Events Societal and Economic Impacts." [Photos: Sun

storms.]

Luckily, much of the damage can be mitigated if managers know a storm is

coming. That's why better understanding of solar weather, and the ability to

give advance warning, is especially important.

Putting satellites in 'safe mode' and disconnecting transformers can protect

electronics from damaging electrical surges.

"Space weather forecasting is still in its infancy, but we're making rapid

progress," said Thomas Bogdan, director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration (NOAA)'s Space Weather Prediction Center in Boulder, Colo.

Eyes on the sun

NASA and NOAA work together to manage a fleet of satellites that monitor the

sun and help to predict its changes.

A pair of spacecraft called STEREO (Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory) is

stationed on opposite sides of the sun, offering a combined view of 90 percent

of the solar surface. In addition, SDO (the Solar Dynamics Observatory), which

just launched in February 2010, is able to photograph solar active regions with

unprecedented spectral, temporal and spatial resolution. Also, an old satellite

called the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE), which launched in 1997, is

still chugging along monitoring winds coming off the sun. And there are dozens

more dedicated to solar science.

"I believe we're on the threshold of a new era in which space weather can be as

influential in our daily lives as ordinary terrestrial weather." Fisher said.

"We take this very seriously indeed."