By Brenna Cammeron
When the trading floor goes dark
The Nasdaq, the US s second-largest stock exchange, halted trading for three
hours in the middle of the day on Thursday, the latest in a string of
technological snafus for stock markets and the Nasdaq in particular.
The Nasdaq where companies like Google, Apple, Facebook and Intel list their
stock didn t reopen for trading until about 35 minutes before the market
closed. Some saw the trading shutdown as yet another blow to already-fragile
investor sentiment, adding to distrust in markets that has been fueled by other
recent snafus.
It s not the first time an exchange has shut down. Natural disasters,
presidential assassinations, terrorism, societal unrest, panic-induced selloffs
and even squirrels have shuttered exchanges around the globe. Take a look.
(All photos: Getty Images)
To avoid a stampede of selling by nervous investors
After four decades outperforming other international stock markets, the Tokyo
Stock Exchange shut down briefly for the first time in history in 2006. The
problem: the exchange s computers failed to keep pace with a rush of selling
orders from skittish investors rattled by news of a fraud investigation of a
popular Japanese Internet service provider called Livedoor. The exchange
reopened the next day. In the wake of the Livedoor scandal, the company lost
90% of its stock value. It was purchased in 2010 by a Korean web portal for 6.3
billion yen.
Too much money
Trading at the Stockholm Stock Exchange ground to a halt in November 2012 after
a monster futures order valued at $69 trillion an amount more than 131
times Sweden s GDP crashed the system. According to a translation provided by
Business Insider, a technical error caused the problem, closing the exchange
floor for several hours.
In response to terrorism
Trading on Wall Street s New York Stock Exchange was delayed soon after the
first plane struck the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, and was
cancelled entirely after the second plane hit the South Tower. As the scope of
the horrific terrorist attack started to come clear, other stock markets around
the world most notably the London Stock Exchange also closed in fear of
similar attacks.
When the New York market reopened six days later, the Federal Reserve added
$100 billion in liquidity per day for three days helping to avoid a financial
crisis.
To avoid deeper panic
As stock markets around the world took a terrifying dive in October 2008 amid
worldwide panic at the financial crisis credit collapse, officials in Indonesia
shut down the country s stock market, based in Jakarta, indefinitely.
Under an irrational market situation, we can t let the market mechanism govern
stock prices in a disorderly manner, Ahmad Fuad Rahmany, then-chairman of the
Capital Market and Financial Institutions Supervisory Agency in the country,
told Bloomberg. The market reopened three business days later.
In response to political chaos
How has Egypt s $583 billion economy been affected by the country's recent
violent upheaval? Egypt s stock exchange and banking systems closed briefly
early in August in response to the bloodshed, but stocks remain surprisingly
stable in this tumultuous time. As of August 19, the country s two main stock
market indexes were up 12 percent, according to Bloomberg Businessweek. One
reason for the surprisingly rosy market? A general lack in trading Volumes
tend to be small [in August], emerging markets economist William Jackson told
Bloomberg. They may not have moved as much as they would have otherwise.
After a national tragedy
The New York Stock Exchange closed just after 13:00 on November 22, 1963, just
seven minutes after US president John F Kennedy s death was announced. The last
time the market closed due to an assassination was in 1865, when the exchange
closed for more than a week after Lincoln was assassinated.
In preparation for a natural disaster
As New York City braced for the October 2012 Superstorm Sandy, the New York
Stock Exchange and other exchanges throughout the US, most notably the Nasdaq
stock market and the CBOE options exchange, preemptively closed. Hundreds of
sandbags surrounded the NYSE, a Financial District landmark that sits in a
low-lying area of the city which was partially submerged by flooding at the
height of the storm. Although the stock exchange itself emerged unscathed,
trading volume was light when the NYSE reopened two days later many across
the Northeast were without power for a week or more and didn t have the ability
to trade.
Squirrels!
These rodents are more often seen gnawing nuts and scurrying up trees than
disrupting financial markets. But they ve got a penchant for wires, too and
that s shuttered the Nasdaq exchange twice, according to the New York Times. In
1987 and 1994, enterprising squirrels gnawed into cables in the Connecticut
town where Nasdaq s main trading computers were located, cutting power and
effectively shutting down the stock exchange for brief periods of time.