u u nnn n iiiiiiiii xx xx u u n n n i xx xx u u n n n i xxxx u u n n n i xx u u n n n i xxxx u u n n n i xx xx u u n n n i xx xx uuuuuuuuu n nnn iiiiiiiii x x " Communication Commands " Part I by The Rebel -:TTL:- / Editor of Kcah Introduction ������������ I was inspired to write this txt file by the Atomic Toad, who pointed out to me that the list that I had inserted into " Kcah Volume I " was totally out of date... BSD: Berkeley Software Distribution... If it's not AT&T's version of Unix then you'll be using these commands... AT&T: American Telephone & Telegraph... Their version of Unix is slightly different(but,in fact,the first one made) from Berkeley's... ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ Basic Unix Commands ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ Command Function Mnemonic ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ cat Displays a file. conCATenate cp Copies a file. CoPy mv Renames a file or moves it MoVe within the file structure rm Removes a file. ReMove lpr (BSD) Sends a file to the line printer. Line PRinter lp (AT&T) Sends a file to the line printer. Line Printer ls Lists the contents of a directory. LiSt chmod Changes the "mode" or permissions CHange MODe for files and directories. pwd Shows what directory you are in. Print Working Directory cd Moves you to another directory. Change Directory mkdir Creates a new directory. MaKe DIRectory rmdir Removes an existing directory ReMove DIRectory who Shows who is on the system WHO ps Shows the processes being run. Process Status man Shows information about a command. MANual ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ Control Characters ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ Key Function ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ crtl-c Interrupt character. Stops a command currently being executed. You also use crtl-c to cancel the the mai message while you are creating it. crtl-d Removes you from the current environment. You use crtl-d to exit the mail and mailx editors. From the main shell prompt($ = Bourn Shell / % = C Shell) crtl-d logs you off the system. crtl-h Deletes the previous character. Used while entering commands and in the mail & mailx editors. crtl-s The pause key. crtl-q The un-pause key. crtl-x Deletes the current line of text being entered. (Note: crtl-x is not implemented on all systems.) ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ Mail-Related Unix Commands ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ Command Description ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ mailx (AT&T) Mail program for sending/reading messages. Mail (BSD) Mail program for sending/reading messages. uuname Shows which computers the system is connected to. .mailrc Start-up file for mail. Modify this file to customize your mail(mailx or Mail) program. /bin/mail A stone-aged mail program. write Sends on-line message to another user. talk Instantaneously sends and receives messages. mesg Prevents other users from interrupting you with either the talk or write commands. chat Another program for sending on-line messages between users. ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ Basic Commands for mailx ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ Command Function ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ next msg_list Displays the first essage in the message list msg_list. If there is no message list, displays the next message. print msg_list Displays the messages specified by the message list. type msg_list If there is no message list, displays the current message. headers msg_list Displays the group of message headers containing the specified message. If there is no message list, displays the current group of headers. z,z+ Displays the next group of message headers. z- Displays the previous group of message headers. from msg_list Displays the headers of messages from sends specified by the message list. Reply msg_list Both Reply and reply allow you to reply to the message reply msg_list specified. You are put into the default message editor(mail or mailx). With Reply, your reply is sent only to the person who sent you the message. With reply, your reply is sent to the person who sent you the message and to every other person that he/she carbon copied[cc(normal carbon copy) AND bcc(blind carbon copy]it to and every other person on his/her "To:" list. save msg_list Saves the specified messages to the file named. If no file filename is named, then messages are saved by default in the file mbox. delete msg_list Deletes the specified messages. Deletes all current messages if there is no message list. undelete msg_list Restores the specified messages that have been deleted in the CURRENT mail session(once the mail section has been left, all those messages are gone for good.) quit Quits the mailx program and returns you to the shell. Messages deleted/saved/read in the current session are removed from your system mailbox exit,xit Exits the mailx program and returns you to the shell. Messages that were deleted/saved/read in the current session are NOT removed from your system mailbox. � ��������� ��� ���� �� ��� ����� �������� � � Shortcuts For Some of the Above Commands � � ��������� ��� ���� �� ��� ����� �������� � next - n print - p type - t headers - h from - f Reply - R reply - r save - s delete - d undelete - u quit - q exit - ex xit - x ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ mailx/Mail Commands ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ Command Abbreviation Meaning ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ !command none Execute the shell command specified by "comand". # none Comment(e.g.,in .mailrc files).This command is available only in AT&T's System V. = none Displays numbers of current message. This command is available only in AT&T's System V. ? none Displays list of mailx/Mail commands. - none Displays previous message(e.g., -3 would mean to back up 3 messages from the current message and display that message). alias a Defines a single name for a set of user names. alternates alt Tells mailx/Mail alternate names for a user name. With no argument, lists your alternate names. chdir cd Change directory. If no argument, changes to your home directory. copy co Copies message to a file(or folder). Does not earmark for deletion when you quit(q) the mail program. Copy none Copies message to a file which is named after the sender of the message. This command is available only in AT&T's System V. delete d Deletes messages. discard none Suppresses display of the specified header fields when displaying messages. The Print and Type commands override this command. This command is equivalent to the ignore command. This command is available only in AT&T's System V. dp or dt none Deletes current message and displays the next message. echo none Displays the specified string. edit e Invokes editor for a given message or messages. else none Conditionally executes mailx commands. Used with if. endif none Marks the end of an if statement. See if. exit ex,x,xit Leaves mailx/Mail program, retaining all message in mailbox EXACTLY as at the beginning of the mail session. file fi Begins reading a new file of messages. Special Symbols: % - current mailbox %name - mailbox of another user # - the last file read & - your mbox +folder (BSD) - a folder folder fo Same as file. folders none List your folders. followup none Replies to a message. Your reply is saved in a file named after the original sender of the message. This command is available only in AT&T's System V. Followup none Replies to the first message in a message list. Your reply is sent to the sender of each message in the message list and is saved in a file named after the send of the first message. This command is available only in AT&T's System V. from f Displays header lines of message in the message list specified. group none Same as alias. headers h Displays group of header lines containing the specified message. help none Prints a brief summary of mailx commands. hold ho Retains the specified messages in the mailbox; they won't be moved to mbox. Same as preserve. if send none Conditionally executes Mail commands in the |receive .mailrd file, depending on whether you are reading(if receive) or sending(if send) mail. Used with endif. This command is available only in Berkeley's version. if s|r none AT&T's "if send|receive" command. This command is available only in AT&T's System V. ignore none Supresses display of the specified header fields when displaying messages. This command is the same as discard. The Print and Type commands overide this command. list none Lists mailx/Mail commands. mail m Sends mail to specified names. mbox none Saves the specified messages in mbox when you use the quit command. next n,+, Return Displays the next message or the message specified. pipe | Pipes the message through the specified command. With no arguments specified, this command pipes the current message though the command designated by the cmd variable. With the page variable set, each message has a form feed inserted after it. This command is available only in AT&T's System V. preserve none Keeps the specified messages in your mailbox when you quit. This command is the same as the hold command. print p Displays specified messages. Print P Displays specified messages, including all header fields. quit q Leaves mailx, updating system malbox and mbox as appropriate. reply/respond r Composes a reply to a message, sending it to the author of the original message and to all the people, except you, who received the message. Reply/Respond R Composes a reply to a message, sending it ONLY to the author of the original message. save s Appends messages to a file. If no file is specified, saves to mbox. Save none Saves the specified messages in a file named after the sender of the first message. This command is available only in AT&T's System V. set se Sets binary or valued options. shell sh Creates a shell in which you can enter Unix commands. When you leave the shell, you are returned to mailx/Mail. size none Displays the size(in characters) for the specified messages. This command is available only in AT&T's System V. source so Executes the mailx/Mail commands in the specified file. top to Prints the first so many ( 5 by default ) lines of each message in the message list. touch none Moves messages in the message list to mbox when you quit, unless the messages are specifically saved to a file. This command is available only in AT&T's System V. type t Displays specified messages. This command is the same as the print command. Type T Displays specified messages, including all header fields. This command is the same as the Print command. unalias none Removes one or more aliases from the list of aliases. This command is available only to Berkeley's version of Unix. undelete u Recovers messages in the message list that have been deleted in the current mail session. unset none Undoes the operation of a set command. version none Displays the version and release date of the program. This command is only available in AT&T's System V. visual v Invokes visual editor on a list of messages. write w Appends messages to a file; doesn't include headers. Otherwise, similar to save. xit x Synonym for exit. z+ z Scrolls to next screenfull of headers. z- none Scrolls to previous screenfull of headers. ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ Tilde Commands ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ Escape Arguments Description ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ~! command Executes shell command. ~. none Ends the message. This command is available only in AT&T's System V. ~: mail_cmd Executes a mailx command while composing a message. ~_ mail_cmd Same as ~: ~? none Displays a list of tilde commands ~| command Pipes message through command. Output of the command replaces message. ~~ none Inserts a tilde in the message being composed. ~< filename Reads a specific file into the message being composed. This command is the same as ~r. This command is available only in AT&T's System V. ~