Who, What, Why: How is Keith Richards still alive?

Keith Richards on drugs and relationship with Mick Jagger

The Rolling Stone's autobiography reveals a lifetime of substance abuse. Why on

earth hasn't it killed him?

His name is synonymous with rock 'n' roll excess, his memoirs detail a lifetime

spent ingesting a Herculean quantity of illegal drugs and he only gave up

cocaine, aged 62, after he split his head open falling from a tree while

foraging for coconuts.

At 66, Keith Richards' continued survival is a source of widespread bafflement.

According to addiction expert Dr Robert Lefever, director of the Promis

recovery centre in Richards' native Kent, there is only one possible

explanation for his longevity: "He must have the constitution of an ox."

But Richards' own memoirs suggest he may have been more careful with his intake

than his Bacchanalian public persona implies.

The autobiography, Life, is candid about the scope of his notorious drug-taking

during his lengthy career as the Rolling Stones' lead guitarist and

co-songwriter.

"I used to walk down Oxford Street with a slab of hash as big as a skateboard,"

drawls a typical passage.

Richards describes hurtling around swinging London fuelled by speedballs, a

cocktail of cocaine and heroin he refers to with his customary louche archness

as "the breakfast of champions".

He claims that during the notorious Redlands raid of 1967, he allowed the

police into his home in Sussex because he was under the apprehension, as a

result of copious quantities of LSD, that the officers were dwarves "wearing

dark blue, with shiny bits and helmets".

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The Answer

with such a high intake

And although he gave up heroin in 1978 after being busted five times, he did

not finally stop taking cocaine until 2006 after the coconut tree incident

required him to undergo brain surgery.

Yet along the way he also managed to have the wherewithal to produce some of

the greatest and most memorable rock albums of all time, inspiring generations

as both a guitarist and a songwriter.

In his book, he acknowledges that his wealth allowed him to ingest a higher

quality of substances than the typical drug user.

But he adds: "I was very meticulous about how much I took. I'd never put more

in to get a little higher.

Brian Jones and Keith Richards in 1963 Keith Richards may have emerged from the

1960s intact, but Brian Jones (left) did not

"It's the greed involved that never really affected me. People think once

they've got this high, if they take some more they're going to get a little

higher. There's no such thing. Especially with cocaine.

"Maybe that's a measure of control and maybe I'm rare in that respect. When I

was taking dope, I was fully convinced that my body is my temple."

The latter statement is one that few people would readily associate with Keith

Richards, but then biographers of the the guitarist have always noted his

tendency to shield his true inner self from public gaze by playing up to his

outrageous image.

While the "Keef" of Redlands and other hellraising tales might be the one

regularly represented in the media, less well-discussed is Keith Richards the

antique book collector - a man who, in unguarded moments, has spoken fondly of

his childhood love of public libraries, and who attempted to catalogue the

thousands of volumes in his home according to the Dewey Decimal system.

Nonetheless, the sheer volume of harmful substances ingested by Richards over

the years suggests his survival can hardly be explained by restraint, Dr

Lefever notes.

"Whether it's genetic or because he's built up a tolerance, he does seem to

have an unusually resilient constitution," he adds.

But Dr Lefever warns: "It's not something you can take for granted. For every

Keith Richards, there are many, many more who die."

Indeed, the writer and music journalist David Quantick points to the tragic

examples of companions who could not keep up - such as Gram Parsons and fellow

Stone Brian Jones - as evidence that Richards is simply made of sterner stuff

than most ordinary mortals.

"It's almost as though others die so that Keith Richards may live," Quantick

observes.

"Still, it's not as though any children are going to think he's a good example.

Just look at him: He's got a face like a prune's wallet."