Love it or loathe it, email changed the world

Eric Barton

If you ve ever sent an email to the wrong person or hit reply all by

accident, this story might make you feel better.

It happened in 2008, when a Philadelphia attorney began typing an email to a

colleague. The missive involved a proposed settlement of a lawsuit against

pharmaceutical giant Eli Lilly and Company. The attorney started typing her

colleague s name in the send line and didn t notice that her email

auto-filled another name.

The actual recipient? A New York Times reporter. Days later, the paper

published a front page story about the proposed billion-dollar settlement. It s

unclear just how much the mistake factored in to the paper s scoop, but it

remains one of the most talked-about email blunders ever.

Email by the Numbers

billion from 4.1 billion in 2014.

business-related emails were sent on average per day.

number will grow to 140.

Source: Radicati Group Inc.

The dominance of email in business communications means we all have stories of

embarrassing blunders though we ve hopefully avoided the multi-billion dollar

mistakes. Another burden of this tool: the overwhelming obligation of answering

our inbox.

But, love it or hate it, the adoption of email as a way to communicate in

business has forever reshaped how we do our jobs. In a generation, sending and

receiving information went from a slow, uncertain process to lightning fast.

These days, people send 100 billion business-related emails a day, according to

researchers at the Radicati Group. That number is expected to hit 130 billion

by 2017. And it s all happened in just a couple of decades. Very few people

used email consistently even 20 years ago.

Sure, many of us had AOL accounts back then, but those were largely personal.

All the way into the 1990s, speedy replies were not the norm, and even faxes

were considered a more effective way to send information than email.

That changed in the early 2000s, when email at the office became ubiquitous.

Then came the BlackBerry in 2003. It wasn t the first phone that allowed access

to email, but the BlackBerry s portability, ease of operation, handy keyboard

and security features meant that professionals were expected to check email and

answer messages almost immediately, even in off-hours.

Very quickly, email drastically changed the way nearly every professional

works, said Will Schwalbe, who is executive vice president of editorial

development and content innovation at book publisher Macmillan in New York

City. Suddenly people became obsessive about checking inboxes, spending hours

sending and receiving messages and worrying over the undefined rules of email

etiquette.

It arrived on the world without any guide on how to use it, Schwalbe said.

Changing our work and our lives

In the early days of the new millennium, Schwalbe was a book editor and he soon

began noticing how much email had consumed his time. It s like we all woke up

one day and realised we re spending 70% of our days just doing email, he said.

So in 2006 Schwalbe and writer David Shipley sat down to pen a handbook of

sorts. Send: Why People Email So Badly and How to Do It Better became one of

the early guides to the rules of business email.

Among its missives: managers should define good email practices, employees

should avoid replying to everyone on a group message (rarely is it necessary)

and firms should develop internal shorthand, such as NRN, which means no reply

necessary.

For those who do it well, email has become the world s first near-instant

deliverer of information. Email is just an unbelievable mechanism for

communicating with people, Schwalbe said.

Blurred lines

It s hard to quantify just how much more efficient the world has become thanks

to email, both in sending information and in basic communication such as

setting up a meeting or an introduction. But with email now on smartphones and

even smart watches, it has also become a burden to many, a tool that means

never disconnecting from work, said Julie Morgenstern, a time management expert

and author of the book Never Check Email in the Morning.

The problem is that many let email get the better of them, even if their

companies don t require 24-7 response, Morgenstern said. Email is an

incredibly powerful tool, but if you don t use caution, it can take over

everything you do.

But one thing is for sure: We simply can t get away from it and not just

because our work won t allow it. Email is addictive, triggering the same areas

in our brain as crack cocaine, according to University of Sheffield researcher

Tom Stafford. That s because people can get a rush from the feeling that they

re getting something done by answering email.

In reality, it s a false sense of accomplishment. For the most part, emailing

doesn t appear anywhere on our job descriptions. The exception to this,

Morgenstern said, might be people in customer service whose job duties include

sending and receiving messages. For the rest of us, our job performance, and

whether we re considered successful, will likely never be defined by how many

emails we send a day.

Too much of a good thing

The secret to breaking email addiction is to begin by curtailing the times of

the day that you email, Morgenstern said. Start by avoiding your inbox the

first hour of your day. Then add the hour before you go to sleep. Soon, you ll

work up to answering email at times of the day generally considered least

productive for accomplishing other work, such as right before lunch and just

before leaving for the day.

What if you fall behind and have a thousand emails in your inbox? Don t try to

catch up, Morgenstern cautioned. You ll never do it.

Instead, declare email bankruptcy, a term credited to a Harvard law professor

in 2004. That begins by creating a folder called, say, 2014. Drop all those

old emails in there. Likely you ll never get through them all, so you might as

well put them away and start over.

With that clean slate, it s time for best practices.

Email is more manageable for those who respond less often, said Natalie

Houston, a productivity coach and associate English professor at University of

Houston in Texas. If you answer emails right away, you train your co-workers

into thinking that you re always available. Wait a few hours before responding

if it s not urgent.

Consider how you write and send email. You can lessen the burden of all-email,

all-the-time by writing your missives carefully, employing short graphs,

bulleted points and sub-headlines, said Houston.

A typical conversation on email includes seven notes. Making that initial

message effective means fewer follow-ups, which will help unclog your in-box.

The same rules about writing a good proposal apply to writing a good email,

Houston said. You want it to be easy to understand and to get your point

across without a lot of back and forth.

There s also just this simple rule that Schwalbe follows: if it s controversial

or complicated, it s not for email.

For the better

Though overflowing email inboxes can create stress and distraction, there s no

arguing that it has fundamentally changed many industries for the better. Case

in point: Taylor Packaging in Imperial, Missouri.

In the late 1990s, the designer of plastic packaging sent samples to customers

by mail. Then, sometimes weeks later, the sample would return with a note of

changes the customer wanted. Multiple rounds would follow. Now the company s

chief executive officer, Sara Taylor Hardy, emails a digital model, and gets

changes back sometimes within hours.

It used to take six weeks start to finish by snail mail, Taylor Hardy said.

Now? We can get completed parts to a client within a week, easily.