RSTS For Beginners
bj Tie Marauder
RSTSj'F. is ail acronym for Resource System '] sms Sharing
Environment , H is- an operating system, most commonly found
tunning on Digital Equipment corporatitmY (DEC) PDP series
of computers {L.e, PDP-Ll/70 being quip; common.). This
article describes the basics of identifying, obtaining entry, and
some basic things to do once von are in a system running
RSTS/E.
Syslem Identification
Upon connection to a RSTR/F system, it will usually identify
ilSClfwth a system header simitar to:
KRAMER CORF. RSTS/E Y7.2 JOB 5 KB32; (DIAL-
UP) 1S-FF.B-84 3:46 RM
User:
So as you can mw, an R5TS/E system is quite easily
recognized due to the fact that it actually tells you in 1 he system
header. It is possible for the system manager to modify thclogitL
EO not display this information, but very tew systems do not
print out a standard system header. If it has been changed, it
wi II most I iltely still display (he 'user; 1 prompt. Mote: it’s a Iso not
entirely uncommon for RSTS system* that prompt for a user
number (o use the “‘it'- character. En either case once you have
reached the user: (or “Jr") pinmpt, R STS; E is now awaiting you
to enter a valid user (account) number. Once you cuter a valid
FPN, RSTS will prompt you with: ‘’Password : " If you enter
both a valid account, and its match ing password, you’re in .
Uopn/Aecounl/Rassword Formats
An account on an RSTS system is always two numbers
between 0 and 255 (inclusively) separated by a Comma. This is
normally referred to os (he Project-Programmer Number Or
RPN. The first number is the Protect Number, and the second is
the Programmer Number. Some examples of valid PPM’S arc;
2fW,7jOO; 50 , 10 ; 30.30; or 1,7,
Passwords on RSTS; Li system are always l to 6 characters
long and can include: the upper case Letters 1 A-Z’. the numbers
or a combination of both. No lower Ca se letters, and no
special characters arc allowed fi,e. !,?,$, %„&, ’.ere,), So you
can eliminate using these in an attempt to hack a password.
On all RSTS systems there are accounts tlia l miss! be present.
Unless mffjor software modifications are made, they rvitfexisl.
Here is a list of these accounts and the default passwords that
are used when Digital installs a system,
ACOOWfT
DEFAULT PSWT1S(5)
COMMENTS
rivato. SVSLIB,
SV5MGR, DECMAN
SYSTTJvl (J&KAHY,'
SYSTEM MANAGER
ACCOUNT
DEMO
AUXILIARY C.raHARV
Id
DEMO
M
demo
Of all the accounts, it is most difficult to remove ”1,2'' due to
software requirements, so if you are hacking a system from
scratch, it is suggested that you try to work on a password for
this ; recount, also note (bat “’E^” is the system Library, and the
default system managers account, SO the passwords chosen for
Lt sometimes reflect the« facts. Also hacking at this account
kilts two birds with one Slone— not only must it be present, but
it also has lull privileges, ns does any account with a project
number of | (i.c. E.XXX). Once obtained you will have fall
access to anything on the system.
Basic System Fluid ions
Once in, RSTS;F will prompt you with ’Ready’. You mo
now m the RSTS i' E ’BASIC’ monitor, and you could type in a
BASIC program, etc, Here are some useful system
commands, 1 programs that urn be of use.
H FI .P— Simply type help. It’s avails hie on most systems a nd
fully self-documenting and menu driven. Ir will give you a
Complete description ofmest system commands and functions.
E> I R FCT 0 R Y ( o r ’TM R '} wil I gi ve you a list lug o t
programs/ flics thal reside in any account you specify. Simply
typing T>IR’ wil I list the files in the. account you ate in, to obtain
a directory of anotlter account, simply use the format: 'DER
(XXX ,XXX}'. where ’XXX . XX X ’is tiny valid account num ber.
You Km also substitute an ’*’in place of either, fora 'match ail'
Or 'Wildcard' search.
SYSTATfor ’SY)— will give you a listing of who else is
currently cn the system, what they arc doing or running, ar.d
tome other information. Ibis eommaiwf is especially useful for
obtaining other valid account numbers (PPNls).
CJ1.E> allows you to load a basic program (any file with a
'.BAS’ extension) into memory, if the program is in the same
account as you, simply type ‘OLD NAME. EXT’, and if the
program resides in another account, tisc the formal 'OLD
(XX X XXX) NAM F .F.XT’, where NAM E TXT it t he mime of
the basic program and XXX,XXX is the account/ RPN that it
resides in,
PIP— is the Peripteral Interchange Program. It is a fancy
name fora basic file utility used 1u transfer files from one place
tc another. You Ctin get a full description -of its uses by typing
’HELP RIP',
BYE— logs you Offtte system. Always use 1 his command to
log of! ! If you simply hangup, your account will remain Logged
on, in a 'DF.TACEI ED’ state, and this will automatically arouse
(be suspicion of even the densest sysop, especially if you’ve
managed to obtain a privileged account.
Stjme Final Notes
Cnee on under any account, do a d i rectory of all ebe (0 * ) and
{I,* 1 ) accounts. You Will notice a column in the d i rectory listing
that is labeled ’PROTECTION’. This is a program/ file
protection code. It can beset to various levels (i.c, any account
can run/ list, ccnain accounts can ran; list, etc,), Look for any
programs (files with extensions: .BAC, .R AS, and .INK) which
have a protection of {232) or (252). These are programs that
give anyone who runs ttem privileges at the lime (hey are run,
sc make a note of any programs with extensions of this SOrl and
try running, ■'exploring every one. Many programs have At t&s.
that can be used to your advantage . This can be discussed in
future articles. There is also a program that will allow you to
chat with other users on the system You can usually run it by
typ in g ’R TjN S I At. K.’. lt will ask for a ’term inal 1 o talk (o’, a nd
you can oblain active usd's./ tefiniuals by using Lhe ‘iYSTAT’
command.
lu conclusion, RSI'S/ F. is a fairly user friendly system ;o
use;' a buse, and one of my personal favorites. You can lea ni | he
basics and become fairly proficient in a relatively short time.
5-25
MOBILE PHONES— THEORY AND CONSTRUCTION
breaks arc marked by E633 Hr and arc vcm at Id pulses pci
second A pulse is 60 ms of 3 (.33 Hv v\-Lth 40 ms of 2 ISO Hr
by Tin 1 Kewnjrhcr
t his article explains (he operation and construction of a
mobile phone. The turn section was written in W>] la bo rat ton
with another telephone experimenter. Tt concerned Improved
Mobile Telephone service (IMTS) signaling and was
eventually posted on a BBS in the Midwest. From there it Jed
into the hands of Ihe Chief of Security of Southwestern Red,
His words to Lhe Sysop, who had been busted for Glue Boxing
were. "A portion with a knowledge of electronics could use the
information i n that file to hu i VI h is own roobi le telephone. I "he
rest of the article es plains how one can be buLlt.
ll is presupposed (hat you have a working knowledge of
two-way radio. If you don't possess this knowledge, then yt>u
can sludyup on narrow hand FM and 2'Mrler transmitter*. A
good source Of information is 'The Radio Amateur's
Hand book "( readily available from libraries and book stores).
Sjjpudinj; Used in IMTS
Eiaeh mobile telephone chan Ur] consists of Iwo frequencies:
one fm tlie land base station and one for the mohilc phone, The
base station uses two cones tor signaling,; Idle 2000 El/ and
Sei Tie — -ROO Hz. The mobiles use Three tones: Guard— 2150 Hz,
Conned 1 633 H Y . and Disconnect- — 1 3 36 Hz.
The land base station marks the idle channel by placing lhe
idle Tone on it, All The mobiles search for tlie channel with the
2000 Hz Idle wise and lock on to it.
Each mobile phone is ass ignod fi sin rida nd telephone number
consisting of area code + 2 digits. When a land customer dials a
mobile number, the Idle lone (2000 Hz) changes to Seize ( IfiOO
Hz). The number pulsed lathe mobile phone contains 7 digits
consisting of the area code and last 4 digits of lhe number, The
digits are made up of 50 ms pulses of 2000 Hz Separated bv 50
ms of I RQO Hz,
If lhe re is a mismatch between the digit* sent and (be wired
ID in the mobile, the mobile drops off and hauls for the idle
channel. If the number matches, the mohilc will send back an
acknowledgement tone of 750 ms of Guard (2 1 50 Hz). The hase
station waits 3 to 4 seconds for this tone. Tf not received in that
time, the calling party gels a recording. If the tone is received,
the mobile phone will Ting for up to 45 seconds. Ringing Ly
composed of S8Q0 Hz and 2000 Hz shifting at 25 fm for two
seconds then four second* of 1800 Hz, When the mobile phone
is picked up it sends a connect tone of 1633 Hz for 400 ms to leLI
the base station it ha* answered. When the mohitc lia ng.s up, it
sends Disconnect, which is 250 mi of S33ti Hz. When the hasc
receives the Disconnect tone, it will drop currier for about 300
m* and go off It' it is the Oulv ava ilable channel, it will return to
Idle.
What follows is what happens when a call is originated by a
mobile: When the mohilc gets off hook, it sends 350 ms nf
Guard {2150 Hi) followed by 50 m* of Connect (161,1 Hz),
When lhe base station hear* the Connect folic, it removes lhe
Idle tone and slays quiet for about 250 ms. It then transmits 250
ms of Seize f 1800 TIz). lhe mobile then sends ISO ms nf Guard
and starts transmitting the ID sequence at 20 pulses per second.
The TD is the area code and last four digits nf (lit mobile'*
number. TIk pulses are marked by 25 ms of Conned {1613 Hz}
followed by 25 m* of til her silence or Guard tone <2 E 50 H z.}. If
the pulse i* odd, it is followed by silence. 1 f even, it is followed
by Guard tone. Ibi* i* used for parity checking- Tlie interdigit
Lime is 19Ti res and will he either silence or Guard tone
depending on whelher the last pulse was odd nr even . If the last
pulse of the last digit in tlie ID is even, it will be followed by 190
UL> of Guard (one.
When a number is dialed from j mobile phone, 2150 Hz is
seal continuously Us soon as the d lal goes otf normal (when the
dial is moved from its rest mg position). Dial pulses fCpreseiil ing
between pulses.
The most popular mobile telephone chanjnel* are located in
the VHF high band. Cities are equipped with these channels
more than any other hand. They are listed below.
Mobile Telephone Frequencies
Channel
Base
Mobile
.PL
P 52.5 3
157.77
YL
152.54
157.86
.IP
152.5?
I57.R1
YP
152.60
157 86
Y.i
152.6.1
157.89
YK
152,66
157.92
JS
152.69
267.95
YS
352T2
157.98
YR
552.35
1 50!
JK
352,78
1 58.134
.FR
1 52-8 1
153.07
Building the Mobile Phi mi'
Tbi* js Ei list of the components you will need to brnkJ your
own mobi le phone:
I. Cassette Tape Recorder.
'2. Radio Scunner ( Like Those used to receive police calls).
3. Mobile phone dialer' (build your own).
4. low Power Transmitter {Modified 2"Meier transmitter
1-5 waits).
Slow a Mobile PSmuu: Duller is Built
Build a Wien-RridgC oscillator to generate the needed tones.
Ilnesc a re commonly used in red hoses. Hyou dum^ have a red
bos schematic. Look u p Wicu-R i i d ge in an electronics
textbook. Where yom would normally connect a frequency
adjustment pot, use two multi-turn pots connected in series.
Power for T he oscihaTor will he suppl ied by ei 9 volt battery.
Obtain a rotary dial of Lhe type used on rotary telephone*.
"The dial will have four wires coming Old of it: two white, one
blue, and one green, The two white wire* make a connection
when the dial L* off normal (moved from il* resting position)
Connect the two white Wires in series with one of the tcadifrftm
the 9 volt battery. The oscillator will he running Only when Lhe
dial is moved off normal. Tt works like I his: Dial is moved off
normal— circuit L* completed between oscillator and battery,
Dial goes hack 1o resLing position— circuit is opened.
The blue and green wires go to a normally closed cniitael in
the d ial, This COtilaCl open* once Jbr each pulse in ei diEtkd d igit .
For example Lt opens chr&e times for the digit Cooneci
these two wires (blue and green) across one of the pots in the
oscillator. Wish the dial in its resli ng position, Eidjust (he other
pot fora frequency of 2150 Hz (Guard tone). Move I he dial
until (he contact Open* and adjust the pot with the blue and
green wires going To it for a frequency of 1 633 3 3 z. (Connect
lone).
When the dial ss moved off normal, power will be applied to
1 lie oscillator, and it will begin' running, at 2 1 50 H v . Whc n 1 he
dial is released The short across the second pot will be removed
each t itne T he contacts open fn r a dial pu Ise. Do ring there pu Ise
times the frequency will shift down Lo 1623 Hz. When the dial
gel* back tn its fCST iiig posil ion, power wil I he removed from I he
oscillator, This- will exEtctly duplicate The dial puking of a
mobile Telephone.
flit Transmitter
Antennae used by mobile phone base shit Tons are located on
high towers. Th is al low* 'ine-of-vight transmission to and from
the niubi les. K you aTe wisbi n a few miles of a bare station very
(Ctwilimiwf on pt/ft j 1 3-2$)
-V26
A EtC
2
1
UNO
6
OPER
0
OPEft
0
British Phonebooth Wedding
S rv irV. S tf ( .r*j >r i
They met m a telephone booth, he proposed to her m it , and
the phone company offered them the Qirf-iashioned rod hox as a
wedding present.
In I , these two Britons met by chance at the payphone in
the northeast England city of Middlebrough, Tlie perspective
groom said , ‘"She was taking, SO long 3 had 1o knock on the
window to hurry her up. "The argument produced a romance,
and when he was finally ready to propose marriage, he
telephoned her from the same booth .
The couple pla n eo nut rry tins yea r and want to pot the booth
in 1 heir garden as a memento.
A British Telecom spokeswoman said, "We would be very
happy to give them the kiosk as a wedding prescilE" The old
wooden and metal booths, which are being Tepluced across
Britain hy modern facilities are normally sold for 5200 each,
Man Worries About Sprint Bill
0.'ii‘?-iibJ "^rvi Sann
.Jerry Pepper ol Athens, Georgia, panicked when he received
n iclephone hil l for $22 1 .2-6 1 ,9 I , I ist ing c& Us to E.jpy pt a nd Hong
Kong, although the phone company assured him that the bill
was fraudulent and that be would not be held responsible.
"T raditkuia lly, I Vn a wonicr,"^ id Pepper, "l was as nervous
as can be for a week. I was real bad. Nobody could talk tome. I
worried even when they had (old me T didn't have io wOTry. 1 '
Ihe bill from GTE Sprint was frffi pages long and showed
rails from New York. Ballimorc. Dallas, and numerous other
Locations. One cal I listed on the bill showed that someone spent
two hours and 2.1 minutes talking to someone i n Egypt — which
cost $195,
Bad Tenant Databases
TIv 'iri Yftȣ TiWk
Companies hired hy landlords to investigate the finances,
rent histories, and backgrounds of prospective tenants have
begun operating in the New York area.
Tenant groups contend thai such investigations, similar to
inquiries by credit-rating agencies On people seeking credit.
Heave renters vulnerable to abuses.
The companies which ident ify tenants with such problems
us bounced checks, past evictions, or cred it shortcomings — say
they protect landlords from tenants who have histories of not
paying their rents or of causing nuisances that have led to
eviction proceedings.
The companies are intensifying t heir efforts just as t he public
records of the CLtyh Housing Court arc becoming readily
available from the court h new computer system. The cpLick
access to the data could also help tenants seedling to determine
the record of a potentia I land lord.
"If you donY get heat or hot water, year have tlie right to
withhold your reftl. 1 * Mr Scherer, a Lawyer and housing
coordinator for Community Action for IjegaL Services, said.
"Thc#e computerised systems will tend to make people very
uneasy about exercising fundamental rights guaranteed to
them by law."
C ompauie^ their land lord cheats to provide the names of
tenants who have been evicted. 1 'We’re trying Co develop a
database on people wlio have actually been evicted, and we
hope to have the names of 50fi,0Q0 such individuals in a year or
so," a spokesman for one such company raid .
Representative diaries E, Sebumer has introduced a bill in
Congress to protect tenants against abusive inquiries. No
federal taw now shields tenants from the misuse of
in form at ion . This bill wou Id provide protections similar to the
15-ycar-ohl Fair Credit Reporting act, which requires eredtt-
£a i hering tompa nics to tell consumers why credit applications
are rejected and also gives consumers a chance io challenge the
accuracy or any data used agumst them.
One Of [he nationwide credit reporting companies now
marketing advisories to New York area landlords is TRW Lnc.
Other com panics include Data General and Tel (K heck Services
1 ne. .
Car Breathalizers
I,-"'"- A r p-r'-n- Mib'iv
Thanks 10 technology and new legislation luring introduced
in Colorado, it may nul be long before those who Slave had One
100 many wont be ahle So .rtarr, let alone d rive, their cars. A bdl
will be introduced that makes it mandatory for repeal offenders
10 install a Guardian Interlock System in their caT or lose their
license. 1 he device, which relai Is for $295 , ul i lines the Slime
technology as the police "hreathalirer." The problem dnnkeT
breathes into a mouthpiece tliat analyses ihe sample with a
microprocessor, if the alcohol COuni exceeds .0 1 . tlic ca r won 7,
start.
Phone Phreak Fined
Hi CYriali liWh
A 19-ycur-old New Jersey man has been fined Is YOU and
ordered io pay back $890 iu long-dislanec colls he made ai the
ex pcr.se of AT&T.
Robert Davenport of Chippewa [rail was also sentenced to
one year probation and directed to get a pan-time job within
or.e mouth .
"My interest is still in telephones and my interest is still in
computers, but us far us hacking and phreak ing go not
anymore," Davenport said. " Bell is going to be monitoring me
like a. hawk ."
He had hcen changed with criminal attempt to commit
computer-related theft, computer related theft, and theft of
services. Repleaded guilty to the Litter charge, so the Other two
would he dropped.
“This is a case where yoiir technical knowledge exceeded
your maturity . " the judge said “jJ ntil you Stun ad ing you rage,
you’re likely to gel yourself in trouble again."
Davenport said he d id ned comm il (he crime for a ny financial
epin, hut only "to continue my existence or my knowledge as a
phone phreak. 1 '
Marcos Phones For Free
A-.wb Lurtl TYiKv
The State Department laid it hud placed no Jimtl on
telephone call? made hy former Dictator Ferdinand Marcos
while he was a guest of ihe United Slates in Hawaii.
A State Department spokesman said he could not confirm
reports that Marcos has made thousands of dolhms worth of
telephone Cfills from Kickum Air Force Rase in Honolulu or
that Marcos was t ry ing to influence polit its in bis homeland by
telephone.
[Marcos is now living in a private residence in Hawaii and
presumably paying for Ires phone calls.)
-1-17
letters., .more mail from you...
Dear 2600:
An issue kit full (September, 1085) described the blue box
adding for the verification trunks and gave an example for
Michigan fbb}.
'[‘he codes wem fiom00to£9 Do you have the ones for area
codes4fSand^
L'elco AM’s for Ihe San Francisco area are 76CI If Lhal
doesn't work. try '7(5002222." Right! S digits, not 7.
A Header
Dea r Header:
We hope that someone provides us with a list of area
identifiers that correspond to different area rod? s. Bui
otherwise, /her? ore only fen to choose from: '1 00 " "J 1 " r up to
'W. iir, fry rhmi out.
II ear 2*"M;
As you can see from the enclosed , 1 wrote to an associate in
Hong Kong (after purchasing alt your hack issue* and
subscribing) aflcr reading " 1 %i arri ves in Hong Kong "(Flash ,
.lanwaiy, 1Q(v4) [ hope his reply is of help.
Ren Huryoll, San Diego, California
Dear R(w)m:
~fl te article Mr. fiprr &H referred so rwnn'or i
i£sU\ untested w heme never been used anywhere
else and is fudng furiously opposed if practically n'crvom-'
here. There is. inf act, every likelihood that having spent about
.t5 million in a pilot study ' the H K government will base to
quietly shelve the whole thing
JEnr
3 noticed uih: error in ybur "final words on VMS" (March.
1^86). The proper command for changing ihe default device
prior so a directory search is SET DEFAULT devicename:
inslead (if SET DEVICE device name: as stilted in the anisic.
The SET DEVICE command requires OHLK privilege and
<1 uc-n’i dowhal you want anyway, (i m igjit also be a good idea
to qualify the SHOW DEVICE command (SHOW
DEVICE.' MOUNTED] so that you don't have to view all
to rmina Is. ta pc d rives, eh;.
E)«ir2(MWr
Die following is true for Unix iy stems versions 3 Jff and lower.
Unix is set up so that anyone can view anyone elseh files
unless ihe user lias cliangcd the permissions which rarely
happens- This it especially true for the password file, Don't girl
excited now, this does not mean you can sec rise passwords, at
least not for now. Almost always the jiassword file is under the
c!c subdirectory which is under ihe rbot dircctoiy. The
command-path is "cat; -etc / passwd
This is excel lent for looking for accounts without passwords
and finding out user names. The username is followed by a
colon then COnies the encrypted password. If you see a
Username with two colons following it that means the account
docs not need a password. All yog have rodo to get into these
accounts is type tire username. No password hacking] Rc
forewarned lhal these accounts usually have a very low access
level but 1 bn sure you can work your way around i I . C p rOgnims
arc very good to gel around this minor obstacle.
A note on encrypted passwords: they a re encrypted Using a
modified version Of the DES encryption nlgorytbm. ( lravo
heard that it is possible to use the 'crypt' command to decrypt
the password if you know Ihe key which I heard is a rather
simple default. 1 hiive vet Lo see Stas work, hut we all know
anything is possible in (his world. Another helpful him is ihe
‘passed’ command which a Hows you to change * password . dust
type the command arid the computer will become friendly and
guide you through the process,
Htyzcus Argulllfc
DcarJtSM:
The day E received my March issue. 1 starred phrcakmg.
X round With American Express, and I found that the touch 1 one
authorization system is not dead, just a bit different. TtLs found
at 6004324102, 8005225171. and SQQ5236D&b. (Numbers to
social-engineer arc 6003271005 and 800526t)b62 — act like a
dumb meruhunl.) Voice verification is 8005282 1 2 1 . Afler the
initial carrier-like tone. Cuter merchant fi (10 digits], AX
card fi. and amount, using pound key (*'#"} to signal end of
input, and instead of a decimal point inlhenrncuintof.EE use 4 .
A beep is heard alter each input, ['he Lady 3 spoke to said you
cant access an operator on-line.
NYNKX Threalt
Dear NYNEX:
thanks for dte information about haw- this: ivy works. We
did not stay that this service v.w dead in last month 's article (An
American Express Pi tone Story), The author, Chester Jfofaies,
seas referring to the ability to gel an outgoing dial tone from
American Express by using their interna! phone system, ft is
that technique which no longer works.
MOBILE PHONES
f( onnnued from page 5-26)
iil ilc power is needed 10 establish contact I to S watts should he
completely adequate. Ihe less power you use, the less your
Chances of gel ling caught. More on this later
2-Mcter transmitrers, used in amateur Tadio, operate in die
toitge al 144 to 1 48 Mbcr. With a change of Crystals. and a little
retuning, you have your ( ransmilter.
How A Home Brew Mobil? TekplKipe is Used
With a scanner, locate the base station frequency which
currently has the Idle tone on it.Swilch to the mobile frequency
on that Same channel and: monitor it with, the cassette recorder
running continuously. What you want is a clean record ing of a
mobile unit broadcasting its ID sequence. You aiso want a
recording of tlic disconnect tone when he hangs up. Once yon
have these, rewind the tape to Ihe start of the sequence. Now
you are ready to make a call.
life Ltcucedure boar Plating a Call
I ■ Set your scanner to the hase station frequency with Ihe Idle
tone and leave it there. Monitor wit h earphones to avoid aud io
feedback through the transmitter.
2. Set the transmitter to the corresponding mobile frequency.
J'urn it on and leave it on.
(Continued ow page 5-29)
Everybody Anowj an old man '•'■■ho was i>r she Second World
War, and has plenty of wot stories to ieti. Well sometimes it
pars to take the time to listen. . .
We knew chat the enemy was monitoring a] I of our
i n t c rn a; ( i o n a 1 f Ad i 0~le lep ho ne: eh a n h e Is ; -d e s pi le t he
so p h i sticat cd vn Lcc-sc ra m biers whit h “inve rted ” speech ,
mfllting high tunes into low ones and viec-versA. Only
authorized persons were pt mail Ltd to use overseas telephone
circuits.
Wu were equipped with elaborate iccordcis and switching
control boxes which permitted us 10 cut off either side of a
conversation, or to substitute ourselves for either party. A strict
set nf rules forbade us to permit maritime information, weal her
reports, cargo information, ds. 10 pass over the circuits.
Influences in Washington sometimes resulted in Orders
issued to us to permit use of the overseas telephone circuits,
even though we were suspicious of previous conventions
because parables and unusual phrases often used, made it
difficult to follow wlLfil w L as being said. “How am we monitor
carefully, when Wt Kurt understand what they’re saytng7”went
unheeded.
We caught one fellow i ed-lianded in Soulh America using
weird terms like “birds Heaving the nest with a basket of eggs' 1 . 1
finally cut in the circuit and told him I'd forgotten what they
meant. lie tried a couple of other phrases which l also couldn't
understand . Finally, he Iasi his pA Lienee and blurted cut. “Oh
hell, I In talking about those special munition orders which left
yesterday for Germany.”
% this time., a special telephone speech scrambler had been
developed which to Siftfi II enough to lit and use on a desk . Its
availability was extremely limited, hut a couple of Army
officers — one in the U.S find the other in Panama — had heen
able 10 get hold of a pair of them, and bet ween [bent secretly
installed them on their desks, unbeknownst to us of counsel
One day 1 heart! the fellow in Panama say “OK Joe. now Over
to the scrambler” and tlxiir ensuing conversation became
un intelligible ■ W<: quickly checked 1 he rad io telephone ei reuit
equipment Olid discovered that the technical cha raeletisl ics of
1 he equipment they were using And OUrOwn was identical. As a
result, when they inserted their scramblers the speech invers ion
righted itself and their conversations wcnl oul over the radio-
A Story of Eavesdropping
2600
(ISSN0749-B5]}
Editor »nd Publisher
Tvranty Si* Hundnud
AriMKiiom Editors
Eric Corley
f>AVid Rudermcin
Executive Director
Helen Victory
BBS Operator
Tom bl.di
VVrilar*: Paul Esiev, Mr. Prarreh. £m manual Galdetairti
Chester Holmes, The K id Bi Cwnpony, Ltx Lulhor Lord
pnreakar. Mike Selen*., The ghadftw, Silent Switchman. and
the usual anomm'ipus iHjixjn.
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3-2*
telephone circuit ip clear language -- 1 HidabJe by anyone! ! That
was the end of the use of their private ‘"secret conversation
system".
borne of the worst offenders of overseas telepltone use
security were (he top people. 1'3J have to list Generals
Fiseirhowerand Marshal] as two of them At least some! i tries, 1
can remember one day (be circuit between London) and
Washington happened to be Very poor in quality and
Understand ability” was Stretched to else utmost.
Gcticpl Marshall in Washington had (icncrat Eisenhower
On the line in London who couldnY understand a word of what
Marshall Wiis saying. Marshal) repeated several limes “Ike:, this
LsGCM — Marshall— GCM — got il?" without results. Finally
in frustration Marshall turned to an aide LimJ could he plainly
heard to say “What's the code word for my na.uK?”
The next filing we knew, Marshall was slowly and distinctly
repeat tug his code name interspersed with "GCM" and
“Marshal I'*. Of course, we had to clU the circuit and notify the
code group in Wash ipgton to immediately “bust” the code we
couldn’t take any chances-- revelation o! the code word for his
name might have been A II the enemy intelligence was waiting for
to help it "code-break" ocher communications,
On tlrt other hand, P resident Kooscvell and Prime Minister
Churchill were two of I he best and casitst 1o monitor. Rol h used
references Io previously transmitted overheard messages bv
numbers and most of ebe conversations were Along the lines:
“Wdl Winnie, on number 52S, I really don't think vrc should do
that— you know how they are.’' Nobody could gain any
i h format ton 1 mm Usual ing to their tnl^phone conversations.
[ always enjoyed listening 1y Sir Winston originating a call
The British telephone operators were- req ui red on every
connect ion to announce in art va nee of a conversal ionr “¥ on are
warned not Lo mention 1 he mimes of vessels , sailing dates or
emotions, cargoes, weather, etc., etc., etc.— any violation on
your part will result in the circuit being tut off and your action
being reported to the higliest authority. Da you understand?”
Sir Winston always docily replied, “Yes ma'am, I understand.”
Oik OhSmy group had l&iraed the “language” of speech
inversion. For example, listening on the air to a radiotelephone
circuit, oiw might hear a word that sounded exactly like
■^rtVrtaiiTOjw”; that was Lhe word 'telephone" aitcr it had
pii ssed through i he speech inversion vvsteml ! !
MOBILE PHONES
(Com im ted from pay? }
Play the taped 1[1 sequence.
4. Use your dial pulser to call the desired number. Jf all lias
ftonc well, you will hear your dial pulses in the earphones. You
can use Ihis method lo cad one of the special ROO numbers and
whistle off with 2*00 Hz; then MF to anywhere in Che world.
This technique will reduce your visibility on the bill for (Ik ID
you are using.
5. When you are ready to hang up, play the d tsconncct tone
and swLLch off the transmitter.
A Few Notes About Your flwn Security
You should use only as much transmitter power as necessary
to maintain a reliable contAd, If you do mi>ch of this kind of
experimenting, the FCC ii going to be after vou with direction
finding equipment. These use dErediOna! amennae and a
process of triangulation to locate illegal transmitters. If you
keep your power down, stay mobile, and avoid establishing a
piittern of calling at the same lime every day, if will be nearly
Lmptxsible to track you down.
This fit e wax kindly pee sen ted by P-SO Systems for
entertainment and academic study Oniy. It is a viola Sion of
i'crftrral taws IO operate an untk eraed trarumitter.
This month at 2600
M ore on mute Secrur KBs: We have obtained
some vmy interesting information that we hope will
allow OS 10 Condude onr study of this fascinating
ease. The information takes, the form £>1" two t tan scripts of
proceedings to obtain search warrants. The first transcript
concents a search warrant for a computer that teas seized in
Sew Jersey j ust before the Private Sector was seized on July I 2,
1 985. It was "'evidence'" from this first wa mint that permitted
the second ; more well known, raid of seven computers. The
second transcript is (he proceedings that permitted the seizure
ot "Jtie Private Sector and Ihe Others.
W r c don"L have the room to print these documents here, but
we can print a few excerpts, Both transcripts have been kindly
keyed by JCilK triad typisLs into computer readable form . They
are now available on the 2600 olfiec BBS (5 Ilj7512b00. Friday
and Saturday nights only from 1 2. ttiidtiijghl until L 2 noon only)
and, ol'eourse, on The Private SeoLoi (2Uliibfc44.il ). Hardcopy
printouts Or on MS-DOS disk containing these transcripli a re
available from 2fA!0 for S5 ■ We ho-pe you read these transcripts
aid spread them around the country. They men t ion Ihe usual:
credit card fraud, toll fraud, thefl of service. computer traud,
mid COUm lew permutations. In them there Is nt> menl ion of the
control of satellites, the orderi ng of ta ti k parts, or I he spread of
secret Pentagon phone numbers. 1L took Middlesex County
PTOseeutnr Alan Rockoff Che whole weekend after the
computers weie taken to come up with these fairy tales. Taking
Ibe form of typical judicial-type questions and answers, the
documents give insight into how law enforcement officials
(bin k for don't think). They reflect ihe classic example of an
unexperienced government (unexperienced with dealing with
computer related issues) stumbling over peopled rights. Here
are some of the good parts;
H-'Tri' did they pick on there re van people?
A We narrowed the list down (o the seven foul of 1 30 possible
“suspects”] who we feel arc Ihe main offenders along. with Mr.
XXXXXXX and his bulletin hoard service by utilizing his
records, read ing his messages from these people that Lhey have
posted on his bulletin hoard and also by calling these bulletin
boards- up utilizing Patrol man GrCnnicr's computer and
obtaining information from their computer.
A nd wove hire ft the "evidence ~ which a flowed them to break
j'n to the homer, o f.vwn New Jersey computer hobbyists:
Q. And this number \ referring to another victim of this farce]
also is a is it a bulletin board?
A. AIL right. We did not get through CO this number, however,
by the way it V. busy it appears to be a bulletin hoard. Onec wc
did get through we got a ca rrier but my computer was not set up
to, receive i! so there is a computer on Line Ihere and by the way
it V busy ith eharaelcrisl ie of a bulEc! in bnard system.
How ■ 'r. i ha i /hr cOrtchxdL'c evidence?
0 Whal information d id you receive from Mr. X XXX XXX "s
programs thaL would indicate that the computer at 7S7-XXXX
was being used tor Lllieil purposes?
A. He was. giving, information on how you could tclL — li you
were into Ihe phone company Slvcy were tracing you SO that if
you wcrecalti ng illega lly you would know fior a tact that you am
being traced Me also gave directions On a diverter and how it
works with complete mfomui lion .
0 WJmt information did you ohlain from ibis particular
number [yet another number]?
A. He gave something known us 800 codes along with ar. — he
also gave a number for conference calling. 1 believe that's wlnit
i hii i, was.
0- What i n format ion did you receive from WJ-XXXX?
A All light. Through him we received a conference call
number. He also gave you information L vu how A TAT truces
numbers. He tells you, tike . for example, there was one number
given OUt Cm the bu Iktin board iior conference galls which is
950-1066 and he explains to you how that is traceable. You
should not use that number because a lot of people are getting
caught He also Slates that it you call him he will give you a list
of Sprint accent numbers and he gives fl pllOiVS Humber to call.
Sprint uivif.M member:, ore poised around quite gladly by
Sprint. Conference cal/ .numbers are a/to pnid/’y know/edge,
in formation opt imciitg is not illegal cither,
Q. What information did you get off of Mr. XXXXXXX'is
bulletin board (hat would indicate that Red Uurchetta is using
this computer for illegal purposed
A . He explains to you how to imkc mace, a C02 canister bomb,
unstable explosives, a jug bomb, a smoke bomb, something
known as a rocket engine bomb and he goes in(o how to use
household itcu'ii to make those and the correct mixtures for
naiking same .
V.ven .’hew people catkin 't dent that ihe its A mendrmlht ftffows
for thin kind of thing. So her? It hov: (hey go / around that little
hindrance:
THE COUR'J : Wei I, what’s wrong with telling the whole world
on how to make bombs in their kitchen?
PATROLMAN C R Li N IN I E R : Well, number One, is the
possibility that someone who- was nnS readily accessible to that
in formation now has, it much freer and 1 hat type of person may
he m nre likely to use it . 1 n ether words, itX right the re now, It is
not something that they have to research.
.--4 .m lV far shore BBS operators out there who somehow think
tiisi iaimerr rerve any adianragc t/l oil ,. ,
Q. Okay. Whal other questions d id they ask you for the acceiss?
A . If I was a law enforcement officer'. If th is was part of an
entrapment, and the third quet;1ion if this was a trap.
0. And you had 1 o respond 10 those questions?
A. That is corrocl.
0 You responded in the negative?
A. I liac Is correct.
+ +<+
Since The Private Sector was returned, it arrived with
someihing interesting. Ihere was a new, u pda Led userl-ng,
which listed the logons lhat wcreattempled while thccompulcr
was in the hands of M idd lesex County. 17 k order of the logtms
subsequent U> the seizure of the equipment were
00000000,3600 MAGAZINE. MIDDLESEX COUNTY
PRO. 2600 MAGAZINE (3 times), KID & CO.. 2600
MAGAZINE (2 times), BROADWAY HACKER LEX
LL'THOR , I.DGTC COD. PRIVATE SECTOR, JOHN DOE
(4 limes), GRIM REAPER, JOHN DOE f3 times 1
HE ADR LIS H, FORFST RANGER, FLYING DRAGON.
JOHN DOE, COL. HOtiAN, JOHN DOC {3 times)
PRIVATE SECTOR, EVTI, R AUDIT, SHADOW 2600,
DOCTOR DEMENTO, DOCTOR WHO, DOCTOR K .
JOSHtTA. FR1K BLOODAXE, KERR ANG K F AN . KID &
CO., DAVID LiC H l'M AN , JOHN DOF (b mure tinvesl. You
can derive what yon want from tbit. The uscrlog shows. Sliat the
flnsl few usem in this list "used'" the system for half-hour
pc nod s, up to a Ijuosc 1W0 hours for one of the JOHN DOE
logons. After GRIM REAPER they used the svstem between 1
and 1 5 minutes lor each logon. The logons arc datc-slampcd
from 7/ 1 2 ,i'g3 to Si 1 3 3/65, but we ate told that the interna ] dock
may have screwed up She dates when die computer was
Ifiken.... Other office notes: we are sliJL investigating that
"magazine” called Ctmspsstei. We already have much
information un ibem but in another month wd should have
{ Continued on page J '-32}
SVSTEttflTJCRJ.LV SPEAKING
617 Will Be Divided
jYO] Km Kmfcv
Tdi 198#, area cade fiE7 (Roslon) will be spli? to provide more
phone numbers . The western part of the area code will remain
the same while I he res! will have a new, a? yet undetermined
area code,
Congress Chooses AT&T
Jehc* Elrnbi Fi'mt
Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co., the local
Washington area Bell affiliate 1 hat has had the congressional
phone contract for the past 1(37 year?., is hitlerly contesting a
House Administration Committee decision to Teach out and
touch AT&T tor its futuie phone needs.
Representative Charles Rose said that AT&T';:, offer was
Simply betteT particularly because all the phone-switching
equipment would be [united on Capitol Hill grounds, C&P
would have its switches in another part of the oily.
■"All conversations will remain on f’apitnt Hill." said Rose,
eis ing security threats of cicctremic eavesdropping.
Baby Bdls Don't Pay AT&T Bills
.VMKWnIi
AT&'l has liScd for the recovery from its forma Bell
offspring of more Lhan 1ft 7 million for failure lo properly biLI
and collect revenues flue it from end-users following Ihe switch
<■0 fin access-charge hilling system after divestiture.
A'J '& f sa id the I ion Is shfl re of 1 he: bu rd cn, about S^O mill ion,
is due fmm New Vurk Tel. An AT&T spokesman said the
amounts ire now being formally claimed because of a two-year
Statute of limitations on such claims.
Other claims range from S7 million against New England
Telephone down to i.n3Ci,fKX) from Nevada Hell.
Since divestiture, the EOcaL Bell Operating Companies have
handled billing for most tong distance and some private-line
services. AT&T said Lite claims are a Legal procedure, adding
lhal “whenever another company handles billings of that
magnitude, you're hound to run inLo problems.”
In the complaint. AT&T said that in the case of New Lngland
Telephone, il hud been “deprived of revenues' " by “various acts
and omissions,” including the failure of New England
Telephone to “properly record, assemble, edit. Or process
details of switched services calls placed by AT&T
Communicat loirs' end users.”
Other charges were that the Jetco failed in some instances to
properly p re pfi rc find process hi lls for mtssagc-bi lied and bulk-
billed Services, and some private-line services.
Equal Access 800 Drawbacks
C'-armiw.vwrL UfaL
Over the nest six months, the Bell operating compan iCS and
some independent telephone companies will spend millions ot
dollars to make au S-OO-type service available to AT&T’s long-
distance rivals,
. But despite the ensts, the type of fitXl service they 1 11 fee able to
provide will represent an interim offering foul will be inferior to
AT&T's.
In fact, some of AT&T^s riva Is are unsure they wil I he able to
use the seiyict, are uncertain they will benefit from it, and are
unconvinced their vuslnmeta will buy it.
Lnder terms of the divestiture, the BOCs arc required In
provide all long distance Companies with access equal to
AT&T’s and that includes access to MX) service, one nl 1 lie
nation’s fastest growing longdisLancc products But i hr BOC's
won't have the technical capability lo offer service equal to
AT&l untLl m'A.
tfdb numbers were fu net kming so wel I befo re the d ivesli l ure
because AT&T used common channeling interoffice signaling
fCCIS), which looks at Lhc 8QQ nUtribcT dialed and translates it
into an entirely different number— -the number of the cabcd
party, Now the RQC”s have to develop their own method of
repliealiog CCTS
Encryption Provides Signature
IrlrwwV
A daLa eucryptitsn scheme promises to oflcT increased
•security as well as a way of au Lhenlicating messages sen! over a
local area lie I work, according lo the manufacturer
M uilsafr is the fl nil m ierocomputer secu rily system to rel v on
individual public and private “keys,"' said Ration O'Brien, vice
president ol' sales for RS-A Data Security. The system will
pc mi it users 10 make one of their keys available to anyone,
while keeping the other confidential . The publicly available key-
can then he freely t sod to encrypt a file that can be d ecoded only
by using the matching private key. In MaiJsafe, public keys arc
maintained in a database that is incorporated in the program..
" ! his is really the same thing as provid mg a d igi lal cnv^jnpe,”
f>'Bi icn wnid The system also provides the equivalent of an
electronic signature, he said, A sender can use his pi i vale keylo
encode a message 1 hat can he successfully decoded on ly by the
matching public key, so the recipient can determine the
Aptbcnlicity of a message. Ihe “signature" will allow com puter
Users to transmit information, BUCb as that in a legal or financial
document, that was previously Limited to paper transactions to
verify the authenticity, he said.
Mailsafe is based on the patented RKA Public Key
Cryptosystem. The algorithm was developed a! the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1 L )7K.
Directory Assistance Failure
b'L :■» i j i ■ I ecVn
Earlier 1 his year, operators in four directory assistance
urtifes in area code liffl could not gel into their data bank to
find telephone listings because of a computer failure.
As a result, ihe operators were forced to Look up inquiries
manually in photic hooks and only for emcrgeiscy requests.
An cstimaied 50.00U directory assistance calls were affected
Dial “00” For Operator
MKUW'i.
Very soon, eresi outers of Pacific Bell will ]ta ve to d ial “OP” to
reach the standard A'J &T operators If they dial "IT they will
resell new Pad fie Bell operators.
The change is pan of the divestiture. T< was decided that the
Bell Operating Companies would provide Sheir own operators,
primarily for assisting Callers in making intra-LATA calls.
Tilts part of the breakup will require AT&T to give up its
precious, "O'",
T-Tl
PLEASE BE PATIENT!
If you ordered back issues and you haven't
yet received them, they are probably still
being processed. We have been deluged
with orders over the last few months and
we've had to reorder just about every issue.
Please allow four to six weeks for delivery.
If we can get them out faster, we will.
Call (516) 751-2600
if you have questions.
EQUIPMENT
Security, Privacy, Police
Surveillance, Countermeasures. Telephone
BOOKS
Plans. Secret Repents, Forbidden Knowledge
*■*
JULND iXhtfi FQH i A RVF f A T>l ! Off 0#£ fhA ft i MU 7£S
SHERWOOD COMMUNICATIONS
Philmcml Commons
2.7159 PhilmonE Avenue Suite If 1 OlfT
Huntingdon Valley, PA 19006
THIS MONTH
fCf> nf mut'd t from p eg? J-30)
enough to sturt jetting some t efunds its well as find out who, if
anyone, is commanding them, For now. we can tell you that
these people arc definitely the same tines behind the magSEirte
wh ich oamc 0U1 ini he mid seventies cal led 7VJ Thfi [ maga/ine
was busted by the phone company tor publishing "trade
fences". Now Hit same people are hack, only this lime itY
phones or rrf computers in a marine that never comes out and
has access to a whole lot of money. A curious sitws Icon indeed .
Much thunks 1o the 2600 West -Coast invcsl i pitiv-e team for
whut 1 hey re about to do. . .Yes, we wore supposed to announce
our meeting 1 ime and plate in 1 his month s issue. But wcVj hud
a surprising lack Of input from our readers. WV: want to have a
meeting in New York and other cities. Hot we need to know if
people aie interested enough Lo attend. Wo also need help
gelling a room fdr such an event- rolling special: a meeting
mom at any college would do just fine. Call sls — wip'd like tor
you to be a pan of ihc many -changes we have
planned.. ..Regarding the problems we mentioned last mcuiLh
aboul CompuServe, we recently received a full refund. Let's all
hope 1 hey learned their lesson. □
TDD SAH HAW THfi Shift TO ADHfTlSC VflUR IfiSl
Sslw 1 H* I ■ 4 S 3 atw S« 0 VV FBS
UBSJWv. u mr.
*
*
For The Serious
Published 12 Times
GLOSSY PAGES
PHflEAKING AHTICL
CRACKING TIPS
HACKING SECTIONS
INTERVIEWS
GAME GH
AND MUCH
3-32 |