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References for the Mediterranean ores lead isotope ratios database

1. Graeser, S. & G. Friedrich, 1970. "Zur frage der altersstellung und genese der blei-zink-vorkommen der Sierra de Cartegena in Spanien", Mineralia Deposita 5: 365-374.

2. Brill, R.H. & W.R. Shields, 1972. "Lead isotopes in ancient coins", Special Publications of the Royal Numismatic Society 8: 279-303.

3. Barnes, I.L., W.R. Shields, T.J. Murphy & R.H. Brill, 1974. "Isotopic analysis of Laurion lead ores", Archaeological Chemistry, ed. C.W. Beck. American Chemical Society, Washington. pp. 1-10.

4. Eiseman, C.J., 1978. "The Porticello shipwreck: lead isotope data", MASCA Journal 1: 18.

5. Gale N.H., 1978. "Lead isotopes and Aegean metallurgy", Thera and the Aegean World I. Thera and the Aegean World, London. pp. 529-545.

6. Doe, B.R. & R.E. Zartman, 1979. "Plumbotectonics, The Phanerozoic", Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits, I.L. Barnes. J. Wiley & Sons, New York. pp. 22-70.

7. Wagner, G.A., W. Gentner, H. Gropengiesser & N.H. Gale, 1980. "Early Bronze Age lead-silver mining and metallurgy in the Aegean: the ancient workings on Siphnos", Scientific Studies in Early Mining and Extractive Metallurgy, ed. P.T. Craddock. British Museum, London. pp.63-80.

8. Gale N.H., 1980. "Some aspects of lead and silver mining in the Aegean", Thera and the Aegean World II. Thera and the Aegean World, London. pp. 161-195.

9. Chamberlain, V.E. & N.H. Gale, 1980. "The isotopic composition of lead in Greek coins and galena from Greece and Turkey", Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Archaeometry and Archaeological Prospection, eds. E.A. Slater & J.O. Tate. National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland, Edinburgh. pp. 139-155.

10. Gale N.H., W. Gentner & G.A. Wagner, 1980. "Mineralogical and geographical silver sources of Archaic Greek coinage", Special Publications of the Royal Numismatic Society 13: 3-49.

11. Gale N.H. & Z.A. Stos-Gale, 1981. "Cycladic lead and silver metallurgy", The Annual of the British School at Athens 76: 169-224.

12. Gale N.H., E.T.C. Spooner & P.J. Potts, 1981. "The lead and strontium isotope geochemistry of metalliferous sediments associated with Upper Cretaceous ophiolitic rocks in Cyprus, Syria, and the Sultanate of Oman", Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 18: 1290-1302.

13. Stos-Gale Z.A. & N.H. Gale, 1981. "Sources of galena, lead and silver in Predynastic Egypt", Actes du XX Symposium D'Archeometrie, vol. III, Bulletin de Liaison du Groupe des Methodes Physiques et Chemiques de L'Archeologie Supplement 1981, pp. 285-295.

14. Gale N.H. & Z.A. Stos-Gale. 1982. "Bronze Age copper sources in the Mediterranean: a new approach", Science 216: 11-18.

15. Gale N.H. & Z.A. Stos-Gale. 1982. "Thorikos, Perati and Bronze Age silver production in the Laurion, Attica", Miscellanea Graeca 5: 97-103.

16. Stos-Gale Z.A., 1982. "A puzzle of the Bronze Age silver-lead on Cyprus", Acts of the 2nd International Cypriot Congress, Nicosia, pp. 67-72.

17. Stos-Gale Z.A. & N.H. Gale, 1982. "The sources of Mycenaean silver and lead", Journal of Field Archaeology 9: 467-485.

18. Swainbank, Shepherd, Caboi & Masssoli-Novelli, 1982. "Lead isotopic composition of some galena ores from Sardinia", Periodico di Mineralogia 51: 275-286.

19. Spooner, E.T.C., & N.H. Gale, 1982. "Pb isotopic composition of ophiolitic volcanogenic sulphide deposits, Troodos Complex, Cyprus", Nature 296: 239-242.

20. Pernicka, E., G.A. Wagner, K. Assimenos, C. Doumas, F. Begemann & W. Todt, 1983. "An analytical study of prehistoric lead and silver objects from the Aegean", The Proceedings of the 22nd Symposium on Archaeometry, eds. A. Aspinall & S.E. Warren. University of Bradford, Braford. pp. 292-302.

21. Gale N.H. & Z.A. Stos-Gale, 1984. "Cycladic metallurgy", The Prehistoric Cyclades. eds. J.A. MacGillivray & R.L.N. Barber. Department of Classical Archaeology, Edinburgh. pp. 255-276.

22. Gale N.H., Z.A. Stos-Gale & J.L. Davis, 1984. "The provenance of lead used at Ayia Irini, Keos", Hesperia 53: 389-406.

23. Pernicka, E., T.C. Seeliger, G.A. Wagner, F. Begemann, S. Schmitt-Stecker, C. Eibner, O. Oztunali & I. Baranyi, 1984. "Archaometallurgische untersuchungen in Nordwestanatolien", Jahrbuch des Romisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseums Mainz 31: 533-599.

24. Stos-Gale Z.A., N.H. Gale & G.R. Gilmore, 1984. "Early Bronze Age Trojan metal sources and Anatolians in the Cyclades", Oxford Journal of Archaeology 3: 23-44.

25. Seeliger, T.C., E. Pernicka, G.A. Wagner, F. Begemann, S. Schmitt-Strecker, C. Eibner, O. Oztunali & I. Baranyi, 1985. "Archaometallurgische untersuchungen in nord- und ostanatolien", Jahrbuch des Romisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseums Mainz 32: 597-659.

26. Gale N.H., Z.A. Stos-Gale & G.R. Gilmore, 1985. "Alloy types and copper sources of Anatolian copper alloy atrefacts", Anatolian Studies 35: 143-174.

27. Vavelidis, M., I. Bassiakos, F. Begemann, K. Patriarcheas, E. Pernicka, S. Schmitt-Strecker & G.A. Wagner, 1985. "Geologie und Erzvorkommen", Silber, Blei und Gold auf Sifnos, eds. G.A. Wagner & G. Weisgerber. Deutsches Bergbau-Museum, Bochum. pp. 59-80.

28. Pernicka, E. & G.A. Wagner, 1985. "Die metallurgisch Bedeutung von Sifnos im altertum", Silber, Blei und Gold auf Sifnos, eds. G.A. Wagner & G. Weisgerber. Deutsches Bergbau-Museum, Bochum. pp. 200-211.

29. Boni, M. & V. Koeppel, 1985. "Ore-lead isotope pattern from the Iglesiente-Sulcis Area (SW Sardinia) and the problem of remobilization of metals", Mineralium Deposita 20: 185-193.

30. Wagner, G.A., E. Pernicka, T.C. Seeliger, O. Oztunali, I. Baranyi, F. Begemann & S. Schmitt-Strecker, 1985. "Geologische untersuchungen zur fruhen metallurgie in NW-Anatolien", Bulletin of the Mineral and Exploration Institute of Turkey 100-101: 45-81.

31. Dayton, J.E. & A. Dayton, 1986. "Uses and limitations of lead isotopes in archaeology", Proceedings of the 24th International Archaeometry Symposium, eds. J.S. Olin & M.J. Blackman. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. pp. 13-41.

32. Stos-Gale Z.A., N.H. Gale & U. Zwicker, 1986. "The copper trade in the South-East Mediterranean region. Preliminary scientific evidence", Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, 1986. The Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, Nicosia. pp. 122-144.

33. Gale N.H. & Z.A. Stos-Gale, 1986. "Oxhide copper ingots in Crete and Cyprus and the Bronze Age metals trade", The Annual of The British School at Athens 81: 81-100.

34. Barnes, I.L, R.H. Brill, E.C. Deal & G.V. Piercy, 1986. "Lead isotope studies of some of the finds from the Serce Liman shipwreck" Proceedings of the 24th International Archaeometry Symposium, eds. J.S. Olin & M.J. Blackman. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. pp. 1-12.

35. Wagner, G.A., E. Pernicka, M. Vavelidis, I. Baranyi & I. Bassiakos, 1986. "Archaometallurgische Untersuchungen auf Chalkidiki", Der Anschnitt 38: 166-186.

36. Wagner, G.A., E. Pernicka, T.C. Seeliger, I.B. Lorenz, F. Begemann, S. Schmitt-Strecker, C. Eibner & O. Oztunali, 1986. "Geochemische und isotopisch charakteristika fruher rohstoffquellen fur kupfer, blei, silber und gold in der Turkei", Jahrbuch des Romisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseums Mainz 33: 723-752.

37. Gale N.H. & Z.A. Stos-Gale, 1987. "Oxhide ingots from Sardinia, Crete and Cyprus and the Bronze Age copper trade: new scientific evidence", Studies in Sardinian Archaeology 3 - Nuragic Sardinia and the Mycenaean World. BAR IS 387: 159-198.

38. Hamelin, B., B. Dupre, O. Brevart & C.J. Allegre, 1988. "Metallogenesis at Paleo-spreading centers: lead isotopes in sulfides, rocks and sediments from the Troodos ophiolite (Cyprus)", Chemical Geology 68: 229-238.

39. Gale N.H. & Z.A. Stos-Gale, 1988. "Recent evidence for a possible Bronze Age Metal Trade between Sardinia and the Aegean", Problems in Greek Prehistory, eds. E.B. French & K.A. Wardle. Bristol Classical Press, Bristol. pp. 349-384.

40. Ludwig, K.R., R. Vollmer, B. Turi, K.R. Simmons & G. Perna, 1989. "Isotopic constraints on the genesis of base-metal ores in Southern and Central Sardinia", European Journal of Mineralogy 1: 657-666.

41. Stos-Gale Z.A., 1989. Cycladic copper metallurgy", Old World Archaeometallurgy, eds. A. Hauptmann, E. Pernicka & G.A. Wagner. Selbstverlaf des Deutschen Bergbau-Museums, Bochum. pp. 279-291.

42. Gale N.H., 1989. "Archaeometallurgical studies of Late Bronze Age ox-hide copper ingots of the Mediterranean region", Old World Archaeometallurgy, eds A. Hauptmann, E. Pernicka & G.A. Wagner. Selbstverlaf des Deutschen Bergbau-Museums, Bochum. pp. 247-268.

43. Gale N.H., 1989. "Lead isotope analyses applied to provenance studies - a brief review", Archaeometry, Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium, ed. Y. Maniatis. Elseiver, Amsterdam. pp. 469-502.

44. Pernicka, E., F. Begemann, S. Schmitt-Strecker & A.P. Grimanis, 1990. "On the composition and provenance of metal artefacts from Poliochni on Lemnos", Oxford Journal of Archaeology 9: 263-298

45. Gale N.H., H.G. Bachmann, B. Rothenberg, Z.A. Stos-Gale & R.F. Tylecote, 1990. "The adventitious production of iron in the smelting of copper", The Ancient Metallurgy of Copper, ed. B. Rothenberg. Institute of Archaeology, London. pp. 182-191.

46. Gale N.H., Z.A. Stos-Gale & W. Fasnacht, 1990. "Copper and copper working at Alambra", Alambra, A Middle Bronze Age Site in Cyprus, J.E. Coleman, J.A. Barlow, M.K. Mogelonsky & K.W. Schaar.

47. Yener, K.A., E.V. Sayre, E.C. Joel, H. Ozbal, I.L. Barnes & R.H. Brill, 1991. "Stable lead isotope studies of Central Taurus Ore sources and related artifacts from Eastern Mediterranean Chalcolithic and Bronze Age sites", Journal of Archaeological Science 18: 541-577.

48. Gale N.H., 1991. "Copper oxhide ingots: their origin and their place in the Bronze Age metals trade in the Mediterranean", Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean, ed. N.H. Gale. Paul Astroms Forlag, Jonsered. pp. 197-239.

49. Stos-Gale Z.A. & C.F. Macdonald, 1991. "Sources of metals and trade in the Bronze Age Aegean", Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean, ed. N.H. Gale. Paul Astroms Forlag, Jonsered. pp. 249-288.

50. Stos-Gale Z.A., 1992. "The origin of metal objects from the Early Bronze Age site of Thermi on the island of Lesbos", Oxford Journal of Archaeology 11: 155-177.

51. Sayre, E.V., K.A. Yener, E.C. Joel & I.L. Barnes, 1992. "Statistical evaluation of the presently accumulated lead isotope data from Anatolia and surrounding regions", Archaeometry 34: 73-105.

52. Schmidt-Strecker, S., F. Begemann & E. Pernicka, 1992. "Chemische zusammensetsetzung und bleiisotopenverhaltnisse der metallfunde von Hassen Hoyk und aus dem Graberfeld Hassek-West", Hassek Hoyuk, ed. M.R. Behm-Blanke. Wasmuth, Tubingen. pp. 108-123.

53. Stos-Gale Z.A. & N.H. Gale, 1992. "New light on the provenience of the copper oxhide ingots found on Sardinia", Sardinia in the Mediterranean: A Footprint in the Sea, eds. R.H. Tykot & T.K. Andrews. Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield. pp. 317-345.

54. Gale N.H., O. Picard & J.N. Barrandon, 1988. "The archaic Thasian silver coinage", Der Anschnitt, beiheft 6:212-223.

55. Stos-Gale Z.A., N.H. Gale & N. Annetts, 1996. "Lead isotope data from the Isotrace Laboratory, Oxford: Archaeometry data base 3, ores from the Aegean, part 1", Archeometry 38: 381-390.

56. Stos-Gale Z.A. & N.H. Gale, 1994. "Metals", Provienience Studies and Bronze Age Cyprus: Production, Exchange and Politico-Economic Change, eds. A.B. Knapp & J.F. Cherry. Prehistory Press, Madison Wisconsin. pp. 92-121.

57. McGeehan-Liritzis, V. & N.H. Gale, 1999. "Chemical and lead isotope analyses of Greek Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age metals", Archaeometry 30: 199-225.

58. Craddock, P.T., I.C. Freestone, N.H. Gale, N.D. Meeks, B. Rothenberg & M.S. Tite, 1985. "The investigation of a small heap of silver smelting debris from Rio Tinto, Huelva, Spain", Furnaces and Smelting Technology in Antiquity, eds. P.T. Craddock & M.J. Hughes. British Museum, London. pp. 199-217.

59. Chalkias, S., M. Vavelidis, S. Schmitt-Strecker & F. Begemann, 1988. "Geologische interpretation der blei-isotopen-verhaltnisse von erzen der insel Thasos, der Agais und Nordgriechenlands", Antike Edel- und Bunt metallgewinning auf Thasos, eds. G. Wagner & G. Weisgerber. Deutschen Bergbau Museums, Bochum. pp. 59-74.

60. Gale N.H. & Z.A. Stos-Gale, 1984. "Lead isotope and chemical analyses of silver, lead and copper artefacts from Pyla-Kokkinokremos", Pyla-Kokkinokremos, by V. Karageorghis & M. Demas. Department of Antiquities, Cyprus. pp. 96-103.

61. Pernicka, E., G.A. Wagner & W. Todt, 1983. "Chemische und isotopische zusammensetzung fruheisenzeitlicher bleiartefakte aus Thasos", Max-Planck-Institut fur Kernphysik Heidelberg 37: 1-17.

62. Stos-Gale Z.A., C.F. MacDonald & N. Gale, 1991. "New studies of Final Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age copper metallurgy in Cyprus", Decouverte du Metal eds. J.-P. Mohen & C. Eluere. Picard, Paris. pp. 341-356.

63. Stos-Gale Z., N.H. Gale, J. Houghton & R. Speakman, 1995. "Lead isotope data from the Isotrace Laboratory, Oxford: Archaeometry data base 1, ores from the Western Mediterranean", Archaeometry 37: 407-415.

64. N.H. Gale, Stos-Gale Z., J. Houghton & R. Speakman, 1997. "Lead isotope data from the Isotrace Laboratory, Oxford: Archaeometry data base 4, ores from Cyprus", Archaeometry 39: 237-246.

Mediterranean ores lead isotope ratios database