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LOG(3) Linux Programmer's Manual LOG(3) NAME log, logf, logl - natural logarithmic function SYNOPSIS #include <math.h> double log(double x); float logf(float x); long double logl(long double x); Link with -lm. Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)): logf(), logl(): _ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L || /* Since glibc 2.19: */ _DEFAULT_SOURCE || /* Glibc <= 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE DESCRIPTION These functions return the natural logarithm of x. RETURN VALUE On success, these functions return the natural logarithm of x. If x is a NaN, a NaN is returned. If x is 1, the result is +0. If x is positive infinity, positive infinity is returned. If x is zero, then a pole error occurs, and the functions return -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VALF, or -HUGE_VALL, respectively. If x is negative (including negative infinity), then a domain error occurs, and a NaN (not a number) is returned. ERRORS See math_error(7) for information on how to determine whether an error has occurred when calling these functions. The following errors can occur: Domain error: x is negative errno is set to EDOM. An invalid floating-point exception (FE_INVALID) is raised. Pole error: x is zero errno is set to ERANGE. A divide-by-zero floating-point exception (FE_DIVBYZERO) is raised. ATTRIBUTES For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7). ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ¬ββββββββββββββββ¬ββββββββββ βInterface β Attribute β Value β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββΌββββββββββββββββΌββββββββββ€ βlog(), logf(), logl() β Thread safety β MT-Safe β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ΄ββββββββββββββββ΄ββββββββββ CONFORMING TO C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008. The variant returning double also conforms to SVr4, 4.3BSD, C89. BUGS In glibc 2.5 and earlier, taking the log() of a NaN produces a bogus invalid floating-point (FE_INVALID) exception. SEE ALSO cbrt(3), clog(3), log10(3), log1p(3), log2(3), sqrt(3) 2021-03-22 LOG(3)