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GETIFADDRS(3)                                                           Linux Programmer's Manual                                                          GETIFADDRS(3)

NAME
       getifaddrs, freeifaddrs - get interface addresses

SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/types.h>
       #include <ifaddrs.h>

       int getifaddrs(struct ifaddrs **ifap);
       void freeifaddrs(struct ifaddrs *ifa);

DESCRIPTION
       The  getifaddrs() function creates a linked list of structures describing the network interfaces of the local system, and stores the address of the first item of
       the list in *ifap.  The list consists of ifaddrs structures, defined as follows:

           struct ifaddrs {
               struct ifaddrs  *ifa_next;    /* Next item in list */
               char            *ifa_name;    /* Name of interface */
               unsigned int     ifa_flags;   /* Flags from SIOCGIFFLAGS */
               struct sockaddr *ifa_addr;    /* Address of interface */
               struct sockaddr *ifa_netmask; /* Netmask of interface */
               union {
                   struct sockaddr *ifu_broadaddr;
                                    /* Broadcast address of interface */
                   struct sockaddr *ifu_dstaddr;
                                    /* Point-to-point destination address */
               } ifa_ifu;
           #define              ifa_broadaddr ifa_ifu.ifu_broadaddr
           #define              ifa_dstaddr   ifa_ifu.ifu_dstaddr
               void            *ifa_data;    /* Address-specific data */
           };

       The ifa_next field contains a pointer to the next structure on the list, or NULL if this is the last item of the list.

       The ifa_name points to the null-terminated interface name.

       The ifa_flags field contains the interface flags, as returned by the SIOCGIFFLAGS ioctl(2) operation (see netdevice(7) for a list of these flags).

       The ifa_addr field points to a structure containing the interface address.  (The sa_family subfield should be consulted to determine the format  of  the  address
       structure.)  This field may contain a null pointer.

       The ifa_netmask field points to a structure containing the netmask associated with ifa_addr, if applicable for the address family.  This field may contain a null
       pointer.

       Depending on whether the bit IFF_BROADCAST or IFF_POINTOPOINT is set in ifa_flags (only one can be set at a time), either ifa_broadaddr will contain  the  broad‐
       cast address associated with ifa_addr (if applicable for the address family) or ifa_dstaddr will contain the destination address of the point-to-point interface.

       The ifa_data field points to a buffer containing address-family-specific data; this field may be NULL if there is no such data for this interface.

       The data returned by getifaddrs() is dynamically allocated and should be freed using freeifaddrs() when no longer needed.

RETURN VALUE
       On success, getifaddrs() returns zero; on error, -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the error.

ERRORS
       getifaddrs() may fail and set errno for any of the errors specified for socket(2), bind(2), getsockname(2), recvmsg(2), sendto(2), malloc(3), or realloc(3).

VERSIONS
       The  getifaddrs() function first appeared in glibc 2.3, but before glibc 2.3.3, the implementation supported only IPv4 addresses; IPv6 support was added in glibc
       2.3.3.  Support of address families other than IPv4 is available only on kernels that support netlink.

ATTRIBUTES
       For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).

       β”Œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”¬β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”¬β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”
       β”‚Interface                                                                                                                             β”‚ Attribute     β”‚ Value   β”‚
       β”œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”Όβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”Όβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€
       β”‚getifaddrs(), freeifaddrs()                                                                                                           β”‚ Thread safety β”‚ MT-Safe β”‚
       β””β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”΄β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”΄β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”˜

CONFORMING TO
       Not in POSIX.1.  This function first appeared in BSDi and is present on the BSD systems, but with slightly different semantics documentedβ€”returning one entry per
       interface,  not per address.  This means ifa_addr and other fields can actually be NULL if the interface has no address, and no link-level address is returned if
       the interface has an IP address assigned.  Also, the way of choosing either ifa_broadaddr or ifa_dstaddr differs on various systems.

NOTES
       The addresses returned on Linux will usually be the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses assigned to the interface, but also one AF_PACKET address  per  interface  containing
       lower-level  details  about the interface and its physical layer.  In this case, the ifa_data field may contain a pointer to a struct rtnl_link_stats, defined in
       <linux/if_link.h> (in Linux 2.4 and earlier, struct net_device_stats, defined in <linux/netdevice.h>), which contains various interface  attributes  and  statis‐
       tics.

EXAMPLES
       The program below demonstrates the use of getifaddrs(), freeifaddrs(), and getnameinfo(3).  Here is what we see when running this program on one system:

           $ ./a.out
           lo       AF_PACKET (17)
                           tx_packets =        524; rx_packets =        524
                           tx_bytes   =      38788; rx_bytes   =      38788
           wlp3s0   AF_PACKET (17)
                           tx_packets =     108391; rx_packets =     130245
                           tx_bytes   =   30420659; rx_bytes   =   94230014
           em1      AF_PACKET (17)
                           tx_packets =          0; rx_packets =          0
                           tx_bytes   =          0; rx_bytes   =          0
           lo       AF_INET (2)
                           address: <127.0.0.1>
           wlp3s0   AF_INET (2)
                           address: <192.168.235.137>
           lo       AF_INET6 (10)
                           address: <::1>
           wlp3s0   AF_INET6 (10)
                           address: <fe80::7ee9:d3ff:fef5:1a91%wlp3s0>

   Program source

       #define _GNU_SOURCE     /* To get defns of NI_MAXSERV and NI_MAXHOST */
       #include <arpa/inet.h>
       #include <sys/socket.h>
       #include <netdb.h>
       #include <ifaddrs.h>
       #include <stdio.h>
       #include <stdlib.h>
       #include <unistd.h>
       #include <linux/if_link.h>

       int main(int argc, char *argv[])
       {
           struct ifaddrs *ifaddr;
           int family, s;
           char host[NI_MAXHOST];

           if (getifaddrs(&ifaddr) == -1) {
               perror("getifaddrs");
               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
           }

           /* Walk through linked list, maintaining head pointer so we
              can free list later. */

           for (struct ifaddrs *ifa = ifaddr; ifa != NULL;
                    ifa = ifa->ifa_next) {
               if (ifa->ifa_addr == NULL)
                   continue;

               family = ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family;

               /* Display interface name and family (including symbolic
                  form of the latter for the common families). */

               printf("%-8s %s (%d)\n",
                      ifa->ifa_name,
                      (family == AF_PACKET) ? "AF_PACKET" :
                      (family == AF_INET) ? "AF_INET" :
                      (family == AF_INET6) ? "AF_INET6" : "???",
                      family);

               /* For an AF_INET* interface address, display the address. */

               if (family == AF_INET || family == AF_INET6) {
                   s = getnameinfo(ifa->ifa_addr,
                           (family == AF_INET) ? sizeof(struct sockaddr_in) :
                                                 sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6),
                           host, NI_MAXHOST,
                           NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);
                   if (s != 0) {
                       printf("getnameinfo() failed: %s\n", gai_strerror(s));
                       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                   }

                   printf("\t\taddress: <%s>\n", host);

               } else if (family == AF_PACKET && ifa->ifa_data != NULL) {
                   struct rtnl_link_stats *stats = ifa->ifa_data;

                   printf("\t\ttx_packets = %10u; rx_packets = %10u\n"
                          "\t\ttx_bytes   = %10u; rx_bytes   = %10u\n",
                          stats->tx_packets, stats->rx_packets,
                          stats->tx_bytes, stats->rx_bytes);
               }
           }

           freeifaddrs(ifaddr);
           exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
       }

SEE ALSO
       bind(2), getsockname(2), socket(2), packet(7), ifconfig(8)

GNU                                                                            2021-03-22                                                                  GETIFADDRS(3)