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EPOLL_WAIT(2)                                                           Linux Programmer's Manual                                                          EPOLL_WAIT(2)

NAME
       epoll_wait, epoll_pwait, epoll_pwait2 - wait for an I/O event on an epoll file descriptor

SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/epoll.h>

       int epoll_wait(int epfd, struct epoll_event *events,
                      int maxevents, int timeout);
       int epoll_pwait(int epfd, struct epoll_event *events,
                      int maxevents, int timeout,
                      const sigset_t *sigmask);
       int epoll_pwait2(int epfd, struct epoll_event *events,
                      int maxevents, const struct timespec *timeout,
                      const sigset_t *sigmask);

DESCRIPTION
       The  epoll_wait()  system call waits for events on the epoll(7) instance referred to by the file descriptor epfd.  The buffer pointed to by events is used to re‐
       turn information from the ready list about file descriptors in the interest list that have some events available.  Up to maxevents are returned by  epoll_wait().
       The maxevents argument must be greater than zero.

       The timeout argument specifies the number of milliseconds that epoll_wait() will block.  Time is measured against the CLOCK_MONOTONIC clock.

       A call to epoll_wait() will block until either:

       • a file descriptor delivers an event;

       • the call is interrupted by a signal handler; or

       • the timeout expires.

       Note  that the timeout interval will be rounded up to the system clock granularity, and kernel scheduling delays mean that the blocking interval may overrun by a
       small amount.  Specifying a timeout of -1 causes epoll_wait() to block indefinitely, while specifying a timeout equal to zero cause epoll_wait() to return  imme‐
       diately, even if no events are available.

       The struct epoll_event is defined as:

           typedef union epoll_data {
               void    *ptr;
               int      fd;
               uint32_t u32;
               uint64_t u64;
           } epoll_data_t;

           struct epoll_event {
               uint32_t     events;    /* Epoll events */
               epoll_data_t data;      /* User data variable */
           };

       The  data  field  of  each  returned  epoll_event  structure  contains  the  same  data  as was specified in the most recent call to epoll_ctl(2) (EPOLL_CTL_ADD,
       EPOLL_CTL_MOD) for the corresponding open file descriptor.

       The events field is a bit mask that indicates the events that have occurred for the corresponding open file description.  See epoll_ctl(2) for a list of the bits
       that may appear in this mask.

   epoll_pwait()
       The  relationship between epoll_wait() and epoll_pwait() is analogous to the relationship between select(2) and pselect(2): like pselect(2), epoll_pwait() allows
       an application to safely wait until either a file descriptor becomes ready or until a signal is caught.

       The following epoll_pwait() call:

           ready = epoll_pwait(epfd, &events, maxevents, timeout, &sigmask);

       is equivalent to atomically executing the following calls:

           sigset_t origmask;

           pthread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sigmask, &origmask);
           ready = epoll_wait(epfd, &events, maxevents, timeout);
           pthread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK, &origmask, NULL);

       The sigmask argument may be specified as NULL, in which case epoll_pwait() is equivalent to epoll_wait().

   epoll_pwait2()
       The epoll_pwait2() system call is equivalent to epoll_pwait() except for the timeout argument.  It takes an argument of type  timespec  to  be  able  to  specify
       nanosecond resolution timeout.  This argument functions the same as in pselect(2) and ppoll(2).  If timeout is NULL, then epoll_pwait2() can block indefinitely.

RETURN VALUE
       On  success,  epoll_wait()  returns  the  number of file descriptors ready for the requested I/O, or zero if no file descriptor became ready during the requested
       timeout milliseconds.  On failure, epoll_wait() returns -1 and errno is set to indicate the error.

ERRORS
       EBADF  epfd is not a valid file descriptor.

       EFAULT The memory area pointed to by events is not accessible with write permissions.

       EINTR  The call was interrupted by a signal handler before either (1) any of the requested events occurred or (2) the timeout expired; see signal(7).

       EINVAL epfd is not an epoll file descriptor, or maxevents is less than or equal to zero.

VERSIONS
       epoll_wait() was added to the kernel in version 2.6.  Library support is provided in glibc starting with version 2.3.2.

       epoll_pwait() was added to Linux in kernel 2.6.19.  Library support is provided in glibc starting with version 2.6.

       epoll_pwait2() was added to Linux in kernel 5.11.

CONFORMING TO
       epoll_wait(), epoll_pwait(), and epoll_pwait2() are Linux-specific.

NOTES
       While one thread is blocked in a call to epoll_wait(), it is possible for another thread to add a file descriptor to the waited-upon epoll instance.  If the  new
       file descriptor becomes ready, it will cause the epoll_wait() call to unblock.

       If  more than maxevents file descriptors are ready when epoll_wait() is called, then successive epoll_wait() calls will round robin through the set of ready file
       descriptors.  This behavior helps avoid starvation scenarios, where a process fails to notice that additional file descriptors are ready because it focuses on  a
       set of file descriptors that are already known to be ready.

       Note  that it is possible to call epoll_wait() on an epoll instance whose interest list is currently empty (or whose interest list becomes empty because file de‐
       scriptors are closed or removed from the interest in another thread).  The call will block until some file descriptor is later added to the interest list (in an‐
       other thread) and that file descriptor becomes ready.

   C library/kernel differences
       The  raw  epoll_pwait() and epoll_pwait2() system calls have a sixth argument, size_t sigsetsize, which specifies the size in bytes of the sigmask argument.  The
       glibc epoll_pwait() wrapper function specifies this argument as a fixed value (equal to sizeof(sigset_t)).

BUGS
       In kernels before 2.6.37, a timeout value larger than approximately LONG_MAX / HZ milliseconds is treated as -1 (i.e., infinity).  Thus, for example, on a system
       where sizeof(long) is 4 and the kernel HZ value is 1000, this means that timeouts greater than 35.79 minutes are treated as infinity.

SEE ALSO
       epoll_create(2), epoll_ctl(2), epoll(7)

Linux                                                                          2021-03-22                                                                  EPOLL_WAIT(2)