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# Turkish Cheatsheet ## Unique Features - Agglutinative language with complex noun and verb inflection - Vowel harmony distinguishes word meaning - Two types of verbs: transitive and intransitive - No grammatical gender - Pronunciation differences between regions - Some loanwords from Arabic and Persian ## Letters and Sounds - Turkish uses the Latin alphabet with six additional letters (ç, ğ, ı, ö, ş, ü) - Vowel harmony distinguishes word meaning - Turkish has several sounds that don't exist in English, such as the "ğ" sound ### Example - The word for "house" is "ev" - The word for "woman" is "kadın" - The difference in vowel harmony distinguishes the two words ## Vocabulary - Turkish words are often formed by combining words or adding suffixes - Turkish has many loanwords from Arabic and Persian - Some words have different meanings in different regions ### Example - The word for "car" is "araba" - The word for "bus" is "otobüs" - Both words are used in Turkey, but "otobüs" is more common in Istanbul ## Grammar - Turkish has two types of verbs: transitive and intransitive - Turkish verbs are inflected based on tense, mood, and person - Adjectives come after the noun they modify - Turkish has a subject-object-verb word order - Turkish has a formal and informal register, with different verb conjugations and vocabulary ### Example - The sentence "I am a student" is "Ben öğrenciyim" - The word for "student" is "öğrenci" - The word order is subject (I), object (student), and verb (am) ## Resources - [Duolingo Turkish Course](https://www.duolingo.com/course/tr/en/Learn-Turkish-Online) - [TurkishClass101](https://www.turkishclass101.com/) - [Turkish Grammar in Use](https://www.amazon.com/Turkish-Grammar-Use-Book-Reference/dp/0521549474) - [Turkish news websites](https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/, https://www.dailysabah.com/)