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# Latin Cheatsheet This cheatsheet provides a quick reference for the key features of Latin, a classical language that was spoken in the Roman Empire. Use this cheatsheet as a reference to help you learn Latin more efficiently. ## Pronunciation - Vowels: a, e, i, o, u - Consonants: b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, x, z - Pronunciation of c: /k/ before a, o, u; /ts/ before e, i - Pronunciation of v: /w/ - Pronunciation of j: /j/ - Pronunciation of x: /ks/ - Pronunciation of ae: /ai/ - Pronunciation of oe: /oi/ ## Nouns ### Declensions - First declension: -a (feminine) - Second declension: -us (masculine), -um (neuter) - Third declension: -is (feminine), -us (masculine), -um (neuter) - Fourth declension: -us (masculine), -u (neuter) - Fifth declension: -es (feminine), -us (masculine), -ei (neuter) ### Cases - Nominative: subject - Genitive: possession - Dative: indirect object - Accusative: direct object - Ablative: object of a preposition, means or instrument ## Verbs ### Conjugations - First conjugation: -are - Second conjugation: -ere - Third conjugation: -ere, -ire - Fourth conjugation: -ire ### Tenses - Present: ongoing action - Imperfect: incomplete action in the past - Future: action that will happen in the future - Perfect: completed action in the past - Pluperfect: completed action further in the past - Future perfect: completed action in the future ### Moods - Indicative: statement of fact - Subjunctive: hypothetical or uncertain - Imperative: command ## Adjectives - First/Second declension: -us (masculine), -a (feminine), -um (neuter) - Third declension: -is (feminine), -e (masculine/neuter) ## Adverbs - Formed by adding -e to the stem of the adjective ## Prepositions - Take the accusative or ablative case ## Resources - [Latin Dictionary](https://www.online-latin-dictionary.com/) - [Latin Grammar](https://www.thoughtco.com/latin-grammar-rules-117718) - [Latin Verb Conjugator](https://latinverb.apphb.com/)