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A L-system or Lindenmayer system is a formal grammar for generating strings. (That is, it is a collection of rules such as replace X with XYX.) By recursively applying the rules of the L-system to an initial string, a string with fractal structure can be created. Interpreting this string as a set of graphical commands allows the fractal to be displayed. L-systems are very useful for generating realistic plant structures.
Some references are:
1. P. Prusinkiewicz and J. Hanan, _Lindenmayer Systems, Fractals, and Plants_, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989.
2. P. Prusinkiewicz and A. Lindenmayer, _The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants_, Springer-Verlag, NY, 1990. ISBN 0-387-97297-8. A very good book on L-systems, which can be used to model plants in a very realistic fashion. The bookcontains many pictures.