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Central America and the Caribbean
Page last updated: July 24, 2024
The indigenous Carib people inhabited Grenada when Christopher COLUMBUS landed on the island in 1498, but it remained uncolonized for more than a century. The French settled Grenada in the 17th century, established sugar estates, and imported large numbers of African slaves. Britain took the island in 1762 and vigorously expanded sugar production. In the 19th century, cacao eventually surpassed sugar as the main export crop; in the 20th century, nutmeg became the leading export. In 1967, Britain gave Grenada autonomy over its internal affairs. Full independence was attained in 1974, making Grenada one of the smallest independent countries in the Western Hemisphere. In 1979, a leftist New Jewel Movement seized power under Maurice BISHOP, ushering in the Grenada Revolution. On 19 October 1983, factions within the revolutionary government overthrew and killed BISHOP and members of his party. Six days later, US forces and those of six other Caribbean nations intervened, quickly capturing the ringleaders and their hundreds of Cuban advisers. Rule of law was restored, and democratic elections were reinstituted the following year and have continued since.
Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago
12 07 N, 61 40 W
Central America and the Caribbean
Total : 344 km²
Land: 344 km²
Water: 0 km²
Twice the size of Washington, DC
Area comparison map:
Total: 0 km
121 km
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds
Volcanic in origin with central mountains
Highest point: Mount Saint Catherine 840 m
Lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
Timber, tropical fruit
Agricultural land: 32.3% (2018 est.)
Arable land: 8.8% (2018 est.)
Permanent crops: 20.6% (2018 est.)
Permanent pasture: 2.9% (2018 est.)
Forest: 50% (2018 est.)
Other: 17.7% (2018 est.)
20 km² (2012)
Approximately one-third of the population is found in the capital of St. George's; the island's population is concentrated along the coast
Lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to November
Volcanism: Mount Saint Catherine (840 m) lies on the island of Grenada; Kick 'em Jenny, an active submarine volcano (seamount) on the Caribbean Sea floor, lies about 8 km north of the island of Grenada; these two volcanoes are at the southern end of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends up to the Netherlands dependency of Saba in the north
The administration of the islands of the Grenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada
Total: 114,621
Male: 58,168
Female: 56,453 (2024 est.)
Comparison rankings: female 190; male 189; total 190
Noun: Grenadian(s)
Adjective: Grenadian
African descent 82.4%, mixed 13.3%, East Indian 2.2%, other 1.3%, unspecified 0.9% (2011 est.)
English (official), French patois
Protestant 49.2% (includes Pentecostal 17.2%, Seventh Day Adventist 13.2%, Anglican 8.5%, Baptist 3.2%, Church of God 2.4%, Evangelical 1.9%, Methodist 1.6%, other 1.2%), Roman Catholic 36%, Jehovah's Witness 1.2%, Rastafarian 1.2%, other 5.5%, none 5.7%, unspecified 1.3% (2011 est.)
0-14 years: 21.9% (male 13,095/female 12,003)
15-64 years: 65.3% (male 38,129/female 36,726)
65 years and over: 12.8% (2024 est.) (male 6,944/female 7,724)
2023 population pyramid:
Total dependency ratio: 51.3
Youth dependency ratio: 36.4
Elderly dependency ratio: 14.9
Potential support ratio: 6.7 (2021 est.)
Total: 35.4 years (2024 est.)
Male: 35.2 years
Female: 35.7 years
0.27% (2024 est.)
13.3 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
8.4 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
-2.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Approximately one-third of the population is found in the capital of St. George's; the island's population is concentrated along the coast
Urban population: 37.1% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 0.86% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030
39,000 SAINT GEORGE'S (capital) (2018)
At birth: 1.1 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female
Total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
21 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)
Total: 9 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
Male: 8.6 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 9.5 deaths/1,000 live births
Total population: 76.3 years (2024 est.)
Male: 73.7 years
Female: 79.1 years
1.9 children born/woman (2024 est.)
0.91 (2024 est.)
NA
Improved: total: 96.8% of population
Unimproved: total: 3.2% of population (2017 est.)
5.8% of GDP (2020)
1.44 physicians/1,000 population (2018)
3.6 beds/1,000 population (2017)
Improved: urban: NA
Rural: NA
Total: 93.7% of population
Unimproved: urban: NA
Rural: NA
Total: 6.3% of population (2020 est.)
21.3% (2016)
Total: 8.62 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Beer: 3.54 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Wine: 0.56 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Spirits: 4.21 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Other alcohols: 0.31 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
NA
41.3% (2023 est.)
3.6% of GDP (2018 est.)
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 98.6%
Male: 98.6%
Female: 98.6% (2014 est.)
Total: 19 years
Male: 18 years
Female: 19 years (2018)
Deforestation causing habitat destruction and species loss; coastal erosion and contamination; pollution and sedimentation; inadequate solid waste management
Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
Signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds
Agricultural land: 32.3% (2018 est.)
Arable land: 8.8% (2018 est.)
Permanent crops: 20.6% (2018 est.)
Permanent pasture: 2.9% (2018 est.)
Forest: 50% (2018 est.)
Other: 17.7% (2018 est.)
Urban population: 37.1% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 0.86% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030
0% of GDP (2018 est.)
0% of GDP (2018 est.)
Particulate matter emissions: 10.08 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 0.27 megatons (2016 est.)
Methane emissions: 2.04 megatons (2020 est.)
Municipal solid waste generated annually: 29,536 tons (2012 est.)
Municipal: 10 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Industrial: 0 cubic meters (2017 est.)
Agricultural: 2.1 million cubic meters (2017 est.)
200 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Conventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Grenada
Etymology: derivation of the name remains obscure; some sources attribute the designation to Spanish influence (most likely named for the Spanish city of Granada), with subsequent French and English interpretations resulting in the present-day Grenada; in Spanish "granada" means "pomegranate"
Parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
Name: Saint George's
Geographic coordinates: 12 03 N, 61 45 W
Time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Etymology: the 1763 Treaty of Paris transferred possession of Grenada from France to Great Britain; the new administration renamed Ville de Fort Royal (Fort Royal Town) to Saint George's Town, after the patron saint of England; eventually the name became simply Saint George's
6 parishes and 1 dependency*; Carriacou and Petite Martinique*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick
7 February 1974 (from the UK)
Independence Day, 7 February (1974)
History: previous 1967; latest presented 19 December 1973, effective 7 February 1974, suspended 1979 following a revolution but restored in 1983
Amendments: proposed by either house of Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the membership in both houses and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments to constitutional sections, such as personal rights and freedoms, the structure, authorities, and procedures of the branches of government, the delimitation of electoral constituencies, or the procedure for amending the constitution, also requires two-thirds majority approval in a referendum; amended 1991, 1992
Common law based on English model
Has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship by birth: yes
Citizenship by descent only: yes
Dual citizenship recognized: yes
Residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years for persons from a non-Caribbean state and 4 years for a person from a Caribbean state
18 years of age; universal
Chief of state: King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor General Cecile LA GRENADE (since 7 May 2013)
Head of government: Prime Minister Dickon MITCHELL (since 24 June 2022)
Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister
Elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general
Description: bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (13 seats; members appointed by the governor general - 10 on the advice of the prime minister and 3 on the advice of the leader of the opposition party; members serve 5-year terms)
House of Representatives (15 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)
Elections: Senate - last appointments on 3 August 2022 (next to be held no later than 2027)
House of Representatives - last held on 23 June 2022 (next to be held no later than 2027)
Election results: Senate - percent by party - NA; seats by party - NDC 7, NNP 3, independent 3; composition - men 11, women 5, percentage women 31.3%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NDC 51.8%; NNP 47.8%; other 0.4%; seats by party - NDC 9; NNP 6; composition - men 9, women 4, percentage women 30.8%; note - total Parliament percentage women 31%
Highest court(s): regionally, the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 2 in Grenada; appeals beyond the ECSC in civil and criminal matters are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)
Judge selection and term of office: chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, and independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62
Subordinate courts: magistrates' courts; Court of Magisterial Appeals
National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dickon MITCHELL]
New National Party or NNP [Keith MITCHELL]
ACP, ACS, AOSIS, CARIFORUM, CARIBCAN, Caricom, CBI, CDB, CELAC, CSME, ECCU, EPA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, ITUC, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO
A rectangle divided diagonally into yellow triangles (top and bottom) and green triangles (hoist side and outer side), with a red border around the flag; there are seven yellow, five-pointed stars with three centered in the top red border, three centered in the bottom red border, and one on a red disk superimposed at the center of the flag; there is also a symbolic nutmeg pod on the hoist-side triangle (Grenada is a leading nutmeg producer); the seven stars stand for the seven administrative divisions, with the central star denoting the capital, St. George's; yellow represents the sun and the warmth of the people, green stands for vegetation and agriculture, and red symbolizes harmony, unity, and courage
Grenada dove, bougainvillea flower; national colors: red, yellow, green
Name: "Hail Grenada"
Lyrics/music: Irva Merle BAPTISTE/Louis Arnold MASANTO
Note: adopted 1974
Small OECS service-based economy; large tourism, construction, transportation, and education sectors; major spice exporter; shrinking but still high public debt; vulnerable to hurricanes; emerging blue economy incentives
$2.008 billion (2023 est.)
$1.916 billion (2022 est.)
$1.785 billion (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars
4.81% (2023 est.)
7.32% (2022 est.)
4.69% (2021 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
$15,900 (2023 est.)
$15,300 (2022 est.)
$14,300 (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars
$1.32 billion (2023 est.)
Note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
2.7% (2023 est.)
2.58% (2022 est.)
1.22% (2021 est.)
Note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Standard & Poors rating: SD (2013)
Note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.
Agriculture: 6.8% (2017 est.)
Industry: 15.5% (2017 est.)
Services: 77.7% (2017 est.)
Comparison rankings: services 38; industry 178; agriculture 113
Household consumption: 63% (2017 est.)
Government consumption: 12% (2017 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 20% (2017 est.)
Investment in inventories: -0.1% (2017 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 60% (2017 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -55% (2017 est.)
Coconuts, sugarcane, eggs, bananas, vegetables, fruits, plantains, root vegetables, grapefruits, avocados (2022)
Note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Food and beverages, textiles, light assembly operations, tourism, construction, education, call-center operations
-4.07% (2023 est.)
Note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
55,270 (2017 est.)
24% (2017 est.)
28.2% (2016 est.)
25% (2018 est.)
43.8 (2018 est.)
Lowest 10%: 2.1% (2018 est.)
Highest 10%: 33.7% (2018 est.)
3.74% of GDP (2023 est.)
5.74% of GDP (2022 est.)
5.53% of GDP (2021 est.)
Note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Revenues: $323 million (2019 est.)
Expenditures: $263 million (2019 est.)
3.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
70.4% of GDP (2017 est.)
82% of GDP (2016 est.)
25.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
-$184.237 million (2023 est.)
-$135.727 million (2022 est.)
-$162.344 million (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
$899.153 million (2023 est.)
$712.263 million (2022 est.)
$537.898 million (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
US 33%, Antigua and Barbuda 10%, India 4%, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4%, France 3% (2022)
Note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Nutmeg/cardamom, frozen fruits and nuts, fish, other fruits, toilet paper (2022)
Note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
$1.021 billion (2023 est.)
$791.232 million (2022 est.)
$621.896 million (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
US 37%, Trinidad and Tobago 11%, Cayman Islands 11%, China 5%, UK 3% (2022)
Note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Refined petroleum, poultry, plastic products, wheat, cars (2022)
Note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
$404.13 million (2023 est.)
$371.767 million (2022 est.)
$348.259 million (2021 est.)
Note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
$793.5 million (2017 est.)
$682.3 million (2016 est.)
East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -
Exchange rates:
2.7 (2023 est.)
2.7 (2022 est.)
2.7 (2021 est.)
2.7 (2020 est.)
2.7 (2019 est.)
Electrification - total population: 94.2% (2022 est.)
Installed generating capacity: 56,000 kW (2022 est.)
Consumption: 224.749 million kWh (2022 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 15.877 million kWh (2022 est.)
Comparison rankings: transmission/distribution losses 23; consumption 189; installed generating capacity 191
Fossil fuels: 97.8% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Solar: 2.2% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Wind: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Exports: (2022 est.) less than 1 metric ton
Imports: 0.7 metric tons (2022 est.)
Refined petroleum consumption: 2,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)
364,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 364,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
40.666 million Btu/person (2022 est.)
Total subscriptions: 26,000 (2021 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 21 (2021 est.)
Total subscriptions: 101,000 (2021 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 81 (2021 est.)
General assessment: the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home; one area of the telecom market that is not prepared for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have not been investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage (2021)
Domestic: 21 per 100 for fixed-line and 81 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2021)
International: country code - 1-473; landing points for the ECFS, Southern Caribbean Fiber and CARCIP submarine cables with links to 13 Caribbean islands extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad & Tobago including Puerto Rico and Barbados; SHF radiotelephone links to Trinidad and Tobago and Saint Vincent; VHF and UHF radio links to Trinidad (2019)
Multiple publicly and privately owned television and radio stations; Grenada Information Service (GIS) is government-owned and provides television and radio services; the Grenada Broadcasting Network, jointly owned by the government and the Caribbean Communications Network of Trinidad and Tobago, operates a TV station and 2 radio stations; Meaningful Television (MTV) broadcasts island-wide and is part of a locally-owned media house, Moving Target Company, that also includes an FM radio station and a weekly newspaper; multi-channel cable TV subscription service is provided by Columbus Communications Grenada (FLOW GRENADA) and is available island wide; approximately 25 private radio stations also broadcast throughout the country (2019)
.gd
Total: 93,600 (2021 est.)
Percent of population: 78% (2021 est.)
Total: 32,000 (2020 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 28 (2020 est.)
J3
2 (2024)
Total: 1,127 km
Paved: 902 km
Unpaved: 225 km (2017)
Total: 6 (2023)
By type: general cargo 3, other 3
Total ports: 1 (2024)
Large: 0
Medium: 0
Small: 1
Very small: 0
Ports with oil terminals: 1
Key ports: St. George's
No regular military forces; the Royal Grenada Police Force (under the Ministry of National Security) includes a Coast Guard and a paramilitary Special Services Unit (2024)
Grenada joined the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) in 1985; RSS signatories (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Guyana, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security (2024)
A transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs