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2022-02-04
I recently wrote [1] about getting started with VMware's Tanzu Community Edition [2] and deploying phpIPAM [3] as my first real-world Kubernetes workload. Well I've spent much of my time since then working on a script which would help to populate my phpIPAM instance with a list of networks to monitor.
The first step in making this work was to figure out which networks I wanted to import. We've got hundreds of different networks in use across our production vSphere environments. I focused only on those which are portgroups on distributed virtual switches since those configurations are pretty standardized (being vCenter constructs instead of configured on individual hosts). These dvPortGroups bear a naming standard which conveys all sorts of useful information, and it's easy and safe to rename any dvPortGroups which _don't_ fit the standard (unlike renaming portgroups on a standard virtual switch).
The standard naming convention is `[Site/Description] [Network Address]{/[Mask]}`. So the networks (across two virtual datacenters and two dvSwitches) look something like this:
Image: Production dvPortGroups approximated in my testing lab environment
Some networks have masks in the name, some don't; and some use an underscore (`_`) rather than a slash (`/`) to separate the network from the mask . Most networks correctly include the network address with a `0` in the last octet, but some use an `x` instead. And the VLANs associated with the networks have a varying number of digits. Consistency can be difficult so these are all things that I had to keep in mind as I worked on a solution which would make a true best effort at importing all of these.
As long as the dvPortGroup names stick to this format I can parse the name to come up with a description as well as the IP space of the network. The dvPortGroup also carries information about the associated VLAN, which is useful information to have. And I can easily export this information with a simple PowerCLI query:
get-vdportgroup | select Name, VlanConfiguration Name VlanConfiguration ---- ----------------- MGT-Home 192.168.1.0 MGT-Servers 172.16.10.0 VLAN 1610 BOW-Servers 172.16.20.0 VLAN 1620 BOW-Servers 172.16.30.0 VLAN 1630 BOW-Servers 172.16.40.0 VLAN 1640 DRE-Servers 172.16.50.0 VLAN 1650 DRE-Servers 172.16.60.x VLAN 1660 VPOT8-Mgmt 172.20.10.0/27 VLAN 20 VPOT8-Servers 172.20.10.32/27 VLAN 30 VPOT8-Servers 172.20.10.64_26 VLAN 40
In my homelab [4], I only have a single vCenter. In production, we've got a handful of vCenters, and each manages the hosts in a given region. So I can use information about which vCenter hosts a dvPortGroup to figure out which region a network is in. When I import this data into phpIPAM, I can use the vCenter name to assign remote scan agents [5] to networks based on the region that they're in. I can also grab information about which virtual datacenter a dvPortGroup lives in, which I'll use for grouping networks into sites or sections.
The vCenter can be found in the `Uid` property returned by `get-vdportgroup`:
get-vdportgroup | select Name, VlanConfiguration, Datacenter, Uid Name VlanConfiguration Datacenter Uid ---- ----------------- ---------- --- MGT-Home 192.168.1.0 Lab /VIServer=lab\john@vcsa.lab.bowdre.net:443/DistributedPortgroup=DistributedVirtualPortgroup-dvportgroup-27015/ MGT-Servers 172.16.10.0 VLAN 1610 Lab /VIServer=lab\john@vcsa.lab.bowdre.net:443/DistributedPortgroup=DistributedVirtualPortgroup-dvportgroup-27017/ BOW-Servers 172.16.20.0 VLAN 1620 Lab /VIServer=lab\john@vcsa.lab.bowdre.net:443/DistributedPortgroup=DistributedVirtualPortgroup-dvportgroup-28010/ BOW-Servers 172.16.30.0 VLAN 1630 Lab /VIServer=lab\john@vcsa.lab.bowdre.net:443/DistributedPortgroup=DistributedVirtualPortgroup-dvportgroup-28011/ BOW-Servers 172.16.40.0 VLAN 1640 Lab /VIServer=lab\john@vcsa.lab.bowdre.net:443/DistributedPortgroup=DistributedVirtualPortgroup-dvportgroup-28012/ DRE-Servers 172.16.50.0 VLAN 1650 Lab /VIServer=lab\john@vcsa.lab.bowdre.net:443/DistributedPortgroup=DistributedVirtualPortgroup-dvportgroup-28013/ DRE-Servers 172.16.60.x VLAN 1660 Lab /VIServer=lab\john@vcsa.lab.bowdre.net:443/DistributedPortgroup=DistributedVirtualPortgroup-dvportgroup-28014/ VPOT8-Mgmt 172.20.10.0/… VLAN 20 Other Lab /VIServer=lab\john@vcsa.lab.bowdre.net:443/DistributedPortgroup=DistributedVirtualPortgroup-dvportgroup-35018/ VPOT8-Servers 172.20.10… VLAN 30 Other Lab /VIServer=lab\john@vcsa.lab.bowdre.net:443/DistributedPortgroup=DistributedVirtualPortgroup-dvportgroup-35019/ VPOT8-Servers 172.20.10… VLAN 40 Other Lab /VIServer=lab\john@vcsa.lab.bowdre.net:443/DistributedPortgroup=DistributedVirtualPortgroup-dvportgroup-35020/
It's not pretty, but it'll do the trick. All that's left is to export this data into a handy-dandy CSV-formatted file that I can easily parse for import:
get-vdportgroup | select Name, VlanConfiguration, Datacenter, Uid ` | export-csv -NoTypeInformation ./networks.csv
After deploying a fresh phpIPAM instance on my Tanzu Community Edition Kubernetes cluster [6], there are a few additional steps needed to enable API access. To start, I log in to my phpIPAM instance and navigate to the **Administration > Server Management > phpIPAM Settings** page, where I enabled both the *Prettify links* and *API* feature settings - making sure to hit the **Save** button at the bottom of the page once I do so.
[6] deploying a fresh phpIPAM instance on my Tanzu Community Edition Kubernetes cluster
Then I need to head to the **User Management** page to create a new user that will be used to authenticate against the API:
And finally, I head to the **API** section to create a new API key with Read/Write permissions:
I'm also going to head in to **Administration > IP Related Management > Sections** and delete the default sample sections so that the inventory will be nice and empty:
Image: We don't need no stinkin' sections!
Well that's enough prep work; now it's time for the Python3 script [7]:
# The latest version of this script can be found on Github:
# https://github.com/jbowdre/misc-scripts/blob/main/Python/phpipam-bulk-import.py
import requests
from collections import namedtuple
check_cert = True
created = 0
remote_agent = False
name_to_id = namedtuple('name_to_id', ['name', 'id'])
## for testing only:
# from requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning
# requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(InsecureRequestWarning)
# check_cert = False
## Makes sure input fields aren't blank.
def validate_input_is_not_empty(field, prompt):
while True:
user_input = input(f'\n{prompt}:\n')
if len(user_input) == 0:
print(f'[ERROR] {field} cannot be empty!')
continue
else:
return user_input
## Takes in a list of dictionary items, extracts all the unique values for a given key,
# and returns a sorted list of those.
def get_sorted_list_of_unique_values(key, list_of_dict):
valueSet = set(sub[key] for sub in list_of_dict)
valueList = list(valueSet)
valueList.sort()
return valueList
## Match names and IDs
def get_id_from_sets(name, sets):
return [item.id for item in sets if name == item.name][0]
## Authenticate to phpIPAM endpoint and return an auth token
def auth_session(uri, auth):
print(f'Authenticating to {uri}...')
try:
req = requests.post(f'{uri}/user/', auth=auth, verify=check_cert)
except:
raise requests.exceptions.RequestException
if req.status_code != 200:
print(f'[ERROR] Authentication failure: {req.json()}')
raise requests.exceptions.RequestException
token = {"token": req.json()['data']['token']}
print('\n[AUTH_SUCCESS] Authenticated successfully!')
return token
## Find or create a remote scan agent for each region (vcenter)
def get_agent_sets(uri, token, regions):
agent_sets = []
def create_agent_set(uri, token, name):
import secrets
# generate a random secret to be used for identifying this agent
payload = {
'name': name,
'type': 'mysql',
'code': secrets.base64.urlsafe_b64encode(secrets.token_bytes(24)).decode("utf-8"),
'description': f'Remote scan agent for region {name}'
}
req = requests.post(f'{uri}/tools/scanagents/', data=payload, headers=token, verify=check_cert)
id = req.json()['id']
agent_set = name_to_id(name, id)
print(f'[AGENT_CREATE] {name} created.')
return agent_set
for region in regions:
name = regions[region]['name']
req = requests.get(f'{uri}/tools/scanagents/?filter_by=name&filter_value={name}', headers=token, verify=check_cert)
if req.status_code == 200:
id = req.json()['data'][0]['id']
agent_set = name_to_id(name, id)
else:
agent_set = create_agent_set(uri, token, name)
agent_sets.append(agent_set)
return agent_sets
## Find or create a section for each virtual datacenter
def get_section(uri, token, section, parentSectionId):
def create_section(uri, token, section, parentSectionId):
payload = {
'name': section,
'masterSection': parentSectionId,
'permissions': '{"2":"2"}',
'showVLAN': '1'
}
req = requests.post(f'{uri}/sections/', data=payload, headers=token, verify=check_cert)
id = req.json()['id']
print(f'[SECTION_CREATE] Section {section} created.')
return id
req = requests.get(f'{uri}/sections/{section}/', headers=token, verify=check_cert)
if req.status_code == 200:
id = req.json()['data']['id']
else:
id = create_section(uri, token, section, parentSectionId)
return id
## Find or create VLANs
def get_vlan_sets(uri, token, vlans):
vlan_sets = []
def create_vlan_set(uri, token, vlan):
payload = {
'name': f'VLAN {vlan}',
'number': vlan
}
req = requests.post(f'{uri}/vlan/', data=payload, headers=token, verify=check_cert)
id = req.json()['id']
vlan_set = name_to_id(vlan, id)
print(f'[VLAN_CREATE] VLAN {vlan} created.')
return vlan_set
for vlan in vlans:
if vlan != 0:
req = requests.get(f'{uri}/vlan/?filter_by=number&filter_value={vlan}', headers=token, verify=check_cert)
if req.status_code == 200:
id = req.json()['data'][0]['vlanId']
vlan_set = name_to_id(vlan, id)
else:
vlan_set = create_vlan_set(uri, token, vlan)
vlan_sets.append(vlan_set)
return vlan_sets
## Find or create nameserver configurations for each region
def get_nameserver_sets(uri, token, regions):
nameserver_sets = []
def create_nameserver_set(uri, token, name, nameservers):
payload = {
'name': name,
'namesrv1': nameservers,
'description': f'Nameserver created for region {name}'
}
req = requests.post(f'{uri}/tools/nameservers/', data=payload, headers=token, verify=check_cert)
id = req.json()['id']
nameserver_set = name_to_id(name, id)
print(f'[NAMESERVER_CREATE] Nameserver {name} created.')
return nameserver_set
for region in regions:
name = regions[region]['name']
req = requests.get(f'{uri}/tools/nameservers/?filter_by=name&filter_value={name}', headers=token, verify=check_cert)
if req.status_code == 200:
id = req.json()['data'][0]['id']
nameserver_set = name_to_id(name, id)
else:
nameserver_set = create_nameserver_set(uri, token, name, regions[region]['nameservers'])
nameserver_sets.append(nameserver_set)
return nameserver_sets
## Find or create subnet for each dvPortGroup
def create_subnet(uri, token, network):
def update_nameserver_permissions(uri, token, network):
nameserverId = network['nameserverId']
sectionId = network['sectionId']
req = requests.get(f'{uri}/tools/nameservers/{nameserverId}/', headers=token, verify=check_cert)
permissions = req.json()['data']['permissions']
permissions = str(permissions).split(';')
if not sectionId in permissions:
permissions.append(sectionId)
if 'None' in permissions:
permissions.remove('None')
permissions = ';'.join(permissions)
payload = {
'permissions': permissions
}
req = requests.patch(f'{uri}/tools/nameservers/{nameserverId}/', data=payload, headers=token, verify=check_cert)
payload = {
'subnet': network['subnet'],
'mask': network['mask'],
'description': network['name'],
'sectionId': network['sectionId'],
'scanAgent': network['agentId'],
'nameserverId': network['nameserverId'],
'vlanId': network['vlanId'],
'pingSubnet': '1',
'discoverSubnet': '1',
'resolveDNS': '1',
'DNSrecords': '1'
}
req = requests.post(f'{uri}/subnets/', data=payload, headers=token, verify=check_cert)
if req.status_code == 201:
network['subnetId'] = req.json()['id']
update_nameserver_permissions(uri, token, network)
print(f"[SUBNET_CREATE] Created subnet {req.json()['data']}")
global created
created += 1
elif req.status_code == 409:
print(f"[SUBNET_EXISTS] Subnet {network['subnet']}/{network['mask']} already exists.")
else:
print(f"[ERROR] Problem creating subnet {network['name']}: {req.json()}")
## Import list of networks from the specified CSV file
def import_networks(filepath):
print(f'Importing networks from {filepath}...')
import csv
import re
ipPattern = re.compile('\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.[0-9xX]{1,3}')
networks = []
with open(filepath) as csv_file:
reader = csv.DictReader(csv_file)
line_count = 0
for row in reader:
network = {}
if line_count > 0:
if(re.search(ipPattern, row['Name'])):
network['subnet'] = re.findall(ipPattern, row['Name'])[0]
if network['subnet'].split('.')[-1].lower() == 'x':
network['subnet'] = network['subnet'].lower().replace('x', '0')
network['name'] = row['Name']
if '/' in row['Name'][-3]:
network['mask'] = row['Name'].split('/')[-1]
elif '_' in row['Name'][-3]:
network['mask'] = row['Name'].split('_')[-1]
else:
network['mask'] = '24'
network['section'] = row['Datacenter']
try:
network['vlan'] = int(row['VlanConfiguration'].split('VLAN ')[1])
except:
network['vlan'] = 0
network['vcenter'] = f"{(row['Uid'].split('@'))[1].split(':')[0].split('.')[0]}"
networks.append(network)
line_count += 1
print(f'Processed {line_count} lines and found:')
return networks
def main():
import socket
import getpass
import argparse
from pathlib import Path
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("filepath", type=Path)
# Accept CSV file as an argument to the script or prompt for input if necessary
try:
p = parser.parse_args()
filepath = p.filepath
except:
# make sure filepath is a path to an actual file
print("""\n\n
This script helps to add vSphere networks to phpIPAM for IP address management. It is expected
that the vSphere networks are configured as portgroups on distributed virtual switches and
named like '[Description] [Subnet IP]{/[mask]}' (ex: 'LAB-Servers 192.168.1.0'). The following PowerCLI
command can be used to export the networks from vSphere:
Get-VDPortgroup | Select Name, Datacenter, VlanConfiguration, Uid | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation ./networks.csv
Subnets added to phpIPAM will be automatically configured for monitoring either using the built-in
scan agent (default) or a new remote scan agent for each vCenter.
""")
while True:
filepath = Path(validate_input_is_not_empty('Filepath', 'Path to CSV-formatted export from vCenter'))
if filepath.exists():
break
else:
print(f'[ERROR] Unable to find file at {filepath.name}.')
continue
# get collection of networks to import
networks = import_networks(filepath)
networkNames = get_sorted_list_of_unique_values('name', networks)
print(f'\n- {len(networkNames)} networks:\n\t{networkNames}')
vcenters = get_sorted_list_of_unique_values('vcenter', networks)
print(f'\n- {len(vcenters)} vCenter servers:\n\t{vcenters}')
vlans = get_sorted_list_of_unique_values('vlan', networks)
print(f'\n- {len(vlans)} VLANs:\n\t{vlans}')
sections = get_sorted_list_of_unique_values('section', networks)
print(f'\n- {len(sections)} Datacenters:\n\t{sections}')
regions = {}
for vcenter in vcenters:
nameservers = None
name = validate_input_is_not_empty('Region Name', f'Region name for vCenter {vcenter}')
for region in regions:
if name in regions[region]['name']:
nameservers = regions[region]['nameservers']
if not nameservers:
nameservers = validate_input_is_not_empty('Nameserver IPs', f"Comma-separated list of nameserver IPs in {name}")
nameservers = nameservers.replace(',',';').replace(' ','')
regions[vcenter] = {'name': name, 'nameservers': nameservers}
# make sure hostname resolves
while True:
hostname = input('\nFully-qualified domain name of the phpIPAM host:\n')
if len(hostname) == 0:
print('[ERROR] Hostname cannot be empty.')
continue
try:
test = socket.gethostbyname(hostname)
except:
print(f'[ERROR] Unable to resolve {hostname}.')
continue
else:
del test
break
username = validate_input_is_not_empty('Username', f'Username with read/write access to {hostname}')
password = getpass.getpass(f'Password for {username}:\n')
apiAppId = validate_input_is_not_empty('App ID', f'App ID for API key (from https://{hostname}/administration/api/)')
agent = input('\nUse per-region remote scan agents instead of a single local scanner? (y/N):\n')
try:
if agent.lower()[0] == 'y':
global remote_agent
remote_agent = True
except:
pass
proceed = input(f'\n\nProceed with importing {len(networkNames)} networks to {hostname}? (y/N):\n')
try:
if proceed.lower()[0] == 'y':
pass
else:
import sys
sys.exit("Operation aborted.")
except:
import sys
sys.exit("Operation aborted.")
del proceed
# assemble variables
uri = f'https://{hostname}/api/{apiAppId}'
auth = (username, password)
# auth to phpIPAM
token = auth_session(uri, auth)
# create nameserver entries
nameserver_sets = get_nameserver_sets(uri, token, regions)
vlan_sets = get_vlan_sets(uri, token, vlans)
if remote_agent:
agent_sets = get_agent_sets(uri, token, regions)
# create the networks
for network in networks:
network['region'] = regions[network['vcenter']]['name']
network['regionId'] = get_section(uri, token, network['region'], None)
network['nameserverId'] = get_id_from_sets(network['region'], nameserver_sets)
network['sectionId'] = get_section(uri, token, network['section'], network['regionId'])
if network['vlan'] == 0:
network['vlanId'] = None
else:
network['vlanId'] = get_id_from_sets(network['vlan'], vlan_sets)
if remote_agent:
network['agentId'] = get_id_from_sets(network['region'], agent_sets)
else:
network['agentId'] = '1'
create_subnet(uri, token, network)
print(f'\n[FINISH] Created {created} of {len(networks)} networks.')
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
I'll run it and provide the path to the network export CSV file:
python3 phpipam-bulk-import.py ~/networks.csv
The script will print out a little descriptive bit about what sort of networks it's going to try to import and then will straight away start processing the file to identify the networks, vCenters, VLANs, and datacenters which will be imported:
Importing networks from /home/john/networks.csv... Processed 17 lines and found:
It then starts prompting for the additional details which will be needed:
Region name for vCenter vcsa: Labby Comma-separated list of nameserver IPs in Lab vCenter: 192.168.1.5 Fully-qualified domain name of the phpIPAM host: ipam-k8s.lab.bowdre.net Username with read/write access to ipam-k8s.lab.bowdre.net: api-user Password for api-user: App ID for API key (from https://ipam-k8s.lab.bowdre.net/administration/api/): api-user Use per-region remote scan agents instead of a single local scanner? (y/N): y
Up to this point, the script has only been processing data locally, getting things ready for talking to the phpIPAM API. But now, it prompts to confirm that we actually want to do the thing (yes please) and then gets to work:
Proceed with importing 10 networks to ipam-k8s.lab.bowdre.net? (y/N): y Authenticating to https://ipam-k8s.lab.bowdre.net/api/api-user... [AUTH_SUCCESS] Authenticated successfully! [VLAN_CREATE] VLAN 20 created. [VLAN_CREATE] VLAN 30 created. [VLAN_CREATE] VLAN 40 created. [VLAN_CREATE] VLAN 1610 created. [VLAN_CREATE] VLAN 1620 created. [VLAN_CREATE] VLAN 1630 created. [VLAN_CREATE] VLAN 1640 created. [VLAN_CREATE] VLAN 1650 created. [VLAN_CREATE] VLAN 1660 created. [SECTION_CREATE] Section Labby created. [SECTION_CREATE] Section Lab created. [SUBNET_CREATE] Created subnet 192.168.1.0/24 [SUBNET_CREATE] Created subnet 172.16.10.0/24 [SUBNET_CREATE] Created subnet 172.16.20.0/24 [SUBNET_CREATE] Created subnet 172.16.30.0/24 [SUBNET_CREATE] Created subnet 172.16.40.0/24 [SUBNET_CREATE] Created subnet 172.16.50.0/24 [SUBNET_CREATE] Created subnet 172.16.60.0/24 [SECTION_CREATE] Section Other Lab created. [SUBNET_CREATE] Created subnet 172.20.10.0/27 [SUBNET_CREATE] Created subnet 172.20.10.32/27 [SUBNET_CREATE] Created subnet 172.20.10.64/26 [FINISH] Created 10 of 10 networks.
Success! Now I can log in to my phpIPAM instance and check out my newly-imported subnets:
Even the one with the weird name formatting was parsed and imported correctly:
So now phpIPAM knows about the vSphere networks I care about, and it can keep track of which vLAN and nameservers go with which networks. Great! But it still isn't scanning or monitoring those networks, even though I told the script that I wanted to use a remote scan agent. And I can check in the **Administration > Server management > Scan agents** section of the phpIPAM interface to see my newly-created agent configuration.
... but I haven't actually *deployed* an agent yet. I'll do that by following the same basic steps described here [8] to spin up my `phpipam-agent` on Kubernetes, and I'll plug in that automagically-generated code for the `IPAM_AGENT_KEY` environment variable:
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: phpipam-agent
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: phpipam-agent
replicas: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: phpipam-agent
spec:
containers:
- name: phpipam-agent
image: ghcr.io/jbowdre/phpipam-agent:latest
env:
- name: IPAM_DATABASE_HOST
value: "ipam-k8s.lab.bowdre.net"
- name: IPAM_DATABASE_NAME
value: "phpipam"
- name: IPAM_DATABASE_USER
value: "phpipam"
- name: IPAM_DATABASE_PASS
value: "VMware1!"
- name: IPAM_DATABASE_PORT
value: "3306"
- name: IPAM_AGENT_KEY
value: "CxtRbR81r1ojVL2epG90JaShxIUBl0bT"
- name: IPAM_SCAN_INTERVAL
value: "15m"
- name: IPAM_RESET_AUTODISCOVER
value: "false"
- name: IPAM_REMOVE_DHCP
value: "false"
- name: TZ
value: "UTC"
I kick it off with a `kubectl apply` command and check back a few minutes later (after the 15-minute interval defined in the above YAML) to see that it worked, the remote agent scanned like it was supposed to and is reporting IP status back to the phpIPAM database server:
I think I've got some more tweaks to do with this environment (why isn't phpIPAM resolving hostnames despite the correct DNS servers getting configured?) but this at least demonstrates a successful proof-of-concept import thanks to my Python script. Sure, I only imported 10 networks here, but I feel like I'm ready to process the several hundred which are available in our production environment now.
And who knows, maybe this script will come in handy for someone else. Until next time!
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