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Central America and the Caribbean
Page last updated: July 24, 2024
English settlers from Saint Kitts first colonized Anguilla in 1650. Great Britain administered the island until the early 19th century, when -- against the wishes of the inhabitants -- Anguilla was incorporated into a single British dependency along with Saint Kitts and Nevis. Several attempts at separation failed. In 1971, two years after a revolt, Anguilla was finally allowed to secede; this arrangement was formally recognized in 1980, when Anguilla became a separate British dependency. In 2017, Hurricane Irma caused extensive damage on the island, particularly to communications and residential and business infrastructure.
Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico
18 15 N, 63 10 W
Central America and the Caribbean
Total : 91 km²
Land: 91 km²
Water: 0 km²
About one-half the size of Washington, DC
Total: 0 km
61 km
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds
Flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone
Highest point: Crocus Hill 73 m
Lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
Salt, fish, lobster
Agricultural land: 0% (2018 est.)
Arable land: 0% (2018 est.)
Permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)
Permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)
Forest: 61.1% (2018 est.)
Other: 38.9% (2018 est.)
0 km² (2020)
Most of the population is concentrated in The Valley in the center of the island; settlmement is fairly uniform in the southwest, but rather sparce in the northeast
Frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to October)
The most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles
Total: 19,416
Male: 9,107
Female: 10,309 (2024 est.)
Comparison rankings: female 219; male 219; total 219
Noun: Anguillan(s)
Adjective: Anguillan
African/Black 85.3%, Hispanic 4.9%, mixed 3.8%, White 3.2%, East Indian/Indian 1%, other 1.6%, unspecified 0.3% (2011 est.)
Note: data represent population by ethnic origin
English (official)
Protestant 73.2% (includes Anglican 22.7%, Methodist 19.4%, Pentecostal 10.5%, Seventh Day Adventist 8.3%, Baptist 7.1%, Church of God 4.9%, Presbyterian 0.2%, Brethren 0.1%), Roman Catholic 6.8%, Jehovah's Witness 1.1%, other Christian 10.9%, other 3.2%, unspecified 0.3%, none 4.5% (2011 est.)
0-14 years: 20.8% (male 2,056/female 1,992)
15-64 years: 67.5% (male 5,958/female 7,147)
65 years and over: 11.7% (2024 est.) (male 1,093/female 1,170)
2023 population pyramid:
Total dependency ratio: 38.6
Youth dependency ratio: 24.4
Elderly dependency ratio: 14.1
Potential support ratio: 7.1 (2021)
Total: 37.1 years (2024 est.)
Male: 34.8 years
Female: 39 years
1.74% (2024 est.)
11.8 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
4.7 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
10.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Most of the population is concentrated in The Valley in the center of the island; settlmement is fairly uniform in the southwest, but rather sparce in the northeast
Urban population: 100% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 0.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030
1,000 THE VALLEY (capital) (2018)
At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.83 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.93 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.88 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Total: 3 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
Male: 3.9 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 2.1 deaths/1,000 live births
Total population: 82.6 years (2024 est.)
Male: 80 years
Female: 85.3 years
1.72 children born/woman (2024 est.)
0.85 (2024 est.)
NA
Improved: urban: 97.5% of population
Total: 97.5% of population
Unimproved: urban: 2.5% of population
Total: 2.5% of population (2017 est.)
NA
NA
Improved: urban: 99.1% of population
Total: 99.1% of population
Unimproved: urban: 0.9% of population
Total: 0.9% of population (2017 est.)
NA
46.1% (2023 est.)
4% of GDP (2020 est.)
Total population: NA
Male: NA
Female: NA
Supplies of potable water sometimes cannot meet increasing demand largely because of poor distribution system
Tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds
Agricultural land: 0% (2018 est.)
Arable land: 0% (2018 est.)
Permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)
Permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)
Forest: 61.1% (2018 est.)
Other: 38.9% (2018 est.)
Urban population: 100% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 0.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030
Conventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Anguilla
Etymology: the name Anguilla means "eel" in various Romance languages (Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, French) and likely derives from the island's lengthy shape
Parliamentary democracy (House of Assembly); self-governing overseas territory of the UK
Overseas territory of the UK
Name: The Valley
Geographic coordinates: 18 13 N, 63 03 W
Time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Etymology: name derives from the capital's location between several hills
None (overseas territory of the UK)
None (overseas territory of the UK)
Anguilla Day, 30 May (1967)
History: several previous; latest 1 April 1982
Amendments: amended 1990, 2012, 2017, 2019
Common law based on the English model
See United Kingdom
18 years of age; universal
Chief of state: King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor Julia CROUCH (since 11 September 2023)
Head of government: Premier Dr. Ellis WEBSTER (since 30 June 2020)
Cabinet: Executive Council appointed by the governor from among elected members of the House of Assembly
Elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed premier by the governor
Description: unicameral House of Assembly (11 seats; 7 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 2 appointed by the governor, and 2 ex-officio members - the attorney general and deputy governor; members serve five-year terms)
Elections: last held on 29 June 2020 (next to be held in 2025)
Election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APM 7, AUF 4; composition - men 8, women 3, percentage women 27.3%
Highest court(s): the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, travelling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, though none on Anguilla
Judge selection and term of office: Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court chief justice appointed by Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62
Subordinate courts: Magistrate's Court; Juvenile Court
Anguilla Progressive Movement or APM [Dr. Ellis WEBSTER]; (formerly Anguilla United Movement or AUM)
Anguilla United Front or AUF [Cora RICHARDSON-HODGE]
Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), OECS, UNESCO (associate), UPU
Blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Anguillan coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts three orange dolphins in an interlocking circular design on a white background with a turquoise-blue field below; the white in the background represents peace; the blue base symbolizes the surrounding sea, as well as faith, youth, and hope; the three dolphins stand for endurance, unity, and strength
Dolphin
Name: "God Bless Anguilla"
Lyrics/music: Alex RICHARDSON
Note: local anthem adopted 1981; as an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, "God Save the King" is official (see United Kingdom)
Small, tourism-dependent, territorial-island economy; very high public debt; COVID-19 crippled economic activity; partial recovery underway via tourism, benefitting from its high amount of timeshare residences; considering reopening oil refinery
1.3% (2017 est.)
-0.6% (2016 est.)
Agriculture: 3% (2017 est.)
Industry: 10.5% (2017 est.)
Services: 86.4% (2017 est.)
Comparison rankings: services 15; industry 203; agriculture 152
Household consumption: 74.1% (2017 est.)
Government consumption: 18.3% (2017 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 26.8% (2017 est.)
Investment in inventories: 0% (2017 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 48.2% (2017 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -67.4% (2017 est.)
Small quantities of tobacco, vegetables; cattle raising
Tourism, boat building, offshore financial services
4% (2017 est.)
23% (2002 est.)
Revenues: $81.92 million (2017 est.)
Expenditures: $80.32 million (2017 est.)
0.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
20.1% of GDP (2015 est.)
20.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
46.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
-$23.2 million (2017 est.)
-$25.3 million (2016 est.)
$7.9 million (2017 est.)
$3.9 million (2016 est.)
Note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.
Chile 74%, Hungary 7%, Kyrgyzstan 3%, US 2%, Netherlands 2% (2022)
Note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Packaged medicine, garments, vehicle parts/accessories, trucks, blank audio media (2022)
Note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
$186.2 million (2017 est.)
$170.1 million (2016 est.)
Chile 48%, US 27%, Botswana 18%, Canada 1%, Japan 1% (2022)
Note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Poultry, copper ore, refined petroleum, natural gas, fish (2022)
Note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
$76.38 million (31 December 2017 est.)
$48.14 million (31 December 2015 est.)
$41.04 million (31 December 2013)
$8.8 million (1998)
East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -
Exchange rates:
2.7 (2017 est.)
2.7 (2016 est.)
2.7 (2015 est.)
2.7 (2014 est.)
2.7 (2013 est.)
Electrification - total population: 100% (2020)
Total subscriptions: 6,000 (2021 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 38 (2021 est.)
Total subscriptions: 26,000 (2021 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 170 (2021 est.)
General assessment: in the telecom sector, with declines seen in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services — the mainstay of short-term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis to a small extent as employees and students have resorted to working from home, but their contribution to the sector has been insufficient to offset steep falls in other areas of the market; one area of the telecom market that does not yet appear poised for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have little appetite for investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage; until the economies and markets stabilize, and overseas visitors return there is unlikely to be much momentum towards implementing 5G capabilities anywhere in the region (2021)
Domestic: fixed-line teledensity is about 38 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 170 per 100 persons (2021)
International: country code - 1-264; landing points for the SSCS, ECFS, GCN and Southern Caribbean Fiber with submarine cable links to Caribbean islands and to the US; microwave radio relay to island of Saint Martin/Sint Maarten (2019)
1 private TV station; multi-channel cable TV subscription services are available; about 10 radio stations, one of which is government-owned
.ai
Total: 13,056 (2021 est.)
Percent of population: 81.6% (2021 est.)
Total: 5,000 (2018 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 35 (2018 est.)
Number of registered air carriers: 2 (2020)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 4
VP-A
1 (2024)
Total: 175 km
Paved: 82 km
Unpaved: 93 km (2004)
Total: 2 (2023)
By type: other 2
Defense is the responsibility of the UK
Transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe