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<html> <head> <title>FAFO Report 151</title> <map name = pager> <area shape = rect coords = "0,0,464,20" href="index.html"> <area shape = rect coords = "464,0,482,20" href="A_1.html"> <area shape = rect coords = "482,0,496,20" href="index.html"> <area shape = rect coords = "494,0,514,20" href="A_3.html"> </map> </head> <body bgcolor="#ffffff"> <center> <table width = 528 cols = 1 border = 0 cellpadding = 5> <tr valign = top> <td> <a href="../../../../../../../_._.html"><img src="http://almashriq.hiof.no/sys/almashriq-fafo-page.gif" border = 0 usemap="#pager"></a> </td> </tr> <tr valign = top width=528> <td> <H2>3 West Bank Sample Design</H2> The design for the West Bank is a multistage stratified one. As compared to Gaza, more prior information was available on the West Bank localities, providing opportunities for improving the sample design - at least concerning the practical preparatory work involved. The main features of the design are outlined in the following sections. <P> <B>Stratification of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs)</B><BR> The localities as defined by Benvenisti (adjusted for Camp Areas included in other types of localities) are the PSUs. The PSUs were stratified according to <i>location</i> (7 sub-districts) and <i>status</i> (5 categories, i.e. District Capitals (DC), Other Towns (OT), Developed Villages (DV), Underdeveloped Villages (UV) and Refugee Camps (RC)). The number of strata are thus 32 (3 of the theoretical 35 combinations of sub-district and status are empty). Table A.6 shows estimates of the strata populations: <p> <i>Table A.6 Population estimates for West Bank strata. (Individuals all ages. Benvenisti/ estimates for 1987. "Permanent" population)</i><p> <table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5> <tr align=center><td align=left></td><td colspan=5>Status</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Sub-district</td><td>DC</td><td>OT</td><td>DV</td><td>UV</td><td>RC</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Bethlehem</td><td>32,800</td><td>18,300</td><td>23,100</td><td>30,000</td><td>10,200</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Hebron</td><td>79,100</td><td>44,000</td><td>68,600</td><td>24,100</td><td>8,300</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Jenin</td><td>16,800</td><td>36,000</td><td>36,900</td><td>56,700</td><td>14,600</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Jericho</td><td>12,500</td><td>.</td><td>.</td><td>4,100</td><td>3,400</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Nablus</td><td>80,800</td><td>.</td><td>42,600</td><td>41,800</td><td>26,200</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Ramallah </td><td>24,800</td><td>35,100</td><td>25,200</td><td>87,100</td><td>15,500</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Tulkarem </td><td>19,600</td><td>29,600</td><td>67,500</td><td>35,800</td><td>15,300</td></tr> </table> <P> Although these estimates may be somewhat inaccurate, they cannot be dispensed with for want of more reliable alternatives. We assume they give a reasonably fair representation of the relative proportions of localities and strata, which for sampling purposes is the most relevant information.<p> <b>Allocation of Household Sample on Strata</b> <br> The sample size for the West Bank is 1,040 households (from which both the sample of 1,040 individuals and 520 women also are derived). The allocation of the household sample among strata is proportionate to the estimated population size. The allocation is shown in Table A.7.<p> <i>Table A.7 Allocation of West Bank household sample on strata (proportionate allocation)</i><p> <table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5> <tr align=center><td align=left></td><td colspan=5>Status</td><td></td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Sub-district</td><td>DC</td><td>OT</td><td>DV</td><td>UV</td><td>RC</td><td>Total</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Bethlehem</td><td>32</td><td>18</td><td>23</td><td>31</td><td>9</td><td>113</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Hebron</td><td>77</td><td>42</td><td>67</td><td>24</td><td>8</td><td>218</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Jenin</td><td>17</td><td>35</td><td>35</td><td>56</td><td>14</td><td>157</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Jericho</td><td>13</td><td>.</td><td>.</td><td>5</td><td>4</td><td>22</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Nablus</td><td>78</td><td>.</td><td>40</td><td>42</td><td>26</td><td>186</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Ramallah</td><td>23</td><td>34</td><td>25</td><td>85</td><td>15</td><td>182</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Tulkarem</td><td>18</td><td>29</td><td>65</td><td>36</td><td>14</td><td>162</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Total</td><td>258</td><td>158</td><td>255</td><td>279</td><td>90</td><td>1,040</td></tr> </table> <p> <b>Selection of Sample PSUs (1st stage)</b> <br> Sample PSUs were selected from each stratum with a probability proportionate to population size. In order to determine the 1st stage inclusion probability, we need the following variables (all referring to individuals, Benvenisti estimates): <pre> N(s,k) = Population total for PSU (s,k) N(s) = Population total s-th stratum (table A.6) N = Population total (West Bank) </pre> The first stage inclusion probability for PSU (s,k) is approximately: <br> <img src="bilder/L31.gif"> <br> in which k(s)<b>k(s)</b> is the number of PSUs selected from the s-th stratum. In case k(s)=1, the equality above is exact. The approximation occurs for k(s)>1, as 2nd order (and higher) probabilities are assumed negligible. The number of PSUs to be selected, the k(s)'s, has been decided like this in order to avoid situations where the number of sample households of a PSU exceeds the total number of PSU households. Thus, for each stratum both the household sample size, the total number of PSUs and the size of the various PSUs have been considered. <P> In our design the household, not the single individual, is the ultimate unit of selection. If the average size of households is equal for all PSUs, which is a fairly realistic assumption, (3.1) can be expressed thus: <br> <img src="bilder/L32.gif"> <br> in which <b>D(s,k)</b> is the total number of households in PSU (s,k), and <b>D(s)</b> the corresponding total for the s-th stratum. <P> The number of sample PSUs selected from each of the strata are shown in table A.8. The total number of sample PSUs is 45. <p> <i>Table A.8 Total (K(s)) and sample (k(s)) number of PSUs in the West Bank strata</i><p> <table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5> <tr align=center><td align=left></td><td colspan=10>Status</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left></td><td colspan=2>DC</td><td colspan=2>OT</td><td colspan=2>DV</td><td colspan=2>UV</td><td colspan=2>RC</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Sub-district</td><td>K(s)</td><td>k(s)</td><td>K(s)</td><td>k(s)</td><td>K(s)</td><td>k(s)</td><td>K(s)</td><td>k(s)</td><td>K(s)</td><td>k(s)</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Bethlehem</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>5</td><td>1</td><td>24</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>1</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Hebron</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>14</td><td>3</td><td>47</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>1</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Jenin</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>4</td><td>1</td><td>9</td><td>1</td><td>44</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>1</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Jericho</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>.</td><td>.</td><td>.</td><td>.</td><td>9</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Nablus</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>.</td><td>.</td><td>15</td><td>1</td><td>34</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>1</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Ramallah</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>6</td><td>1</td><td>14</td><td>1</td><td>69</td><td>4</td><td>4</td><td>1</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Tulkarem</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>28</td><td>3</td><td>45</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>1</td></tr> </table> <P> <B>Selection of Cells, Housing Units and Households</B><BR> As in Gaza, there were no sampling frames available for the selection of households in the West Bank PSUs. Thus it was convenient to introduce two further sampling stages. At the 2nd stage sample PSUs were subdivided into cells, and samples of cells were selected by simple random sampling from the respective PSUs. Housing units were selected at the 3rd stage, and, finally, the samples of households (4th stage) were selected from the sample of housing units. The procedures operate exactly as for Gaza and are thus not repeated. However, the mathematics for sample allocation are not the same. This will be dealt with in the next section. <P> <B>Inclusion Probabilities</B><BR> Adopting the same notations as for the Gaza design, the overall inclusion probability for an arbitrary West Bank household (s,k,c,h,d) is: <br> <img src="bilder/L33.gif"> <br> In (3.3) it remains to determine the b(s,k)'s and the d(s,k,c)'s. For the same reasons as for Gaza, it is practically impossible to have an overall epsem design. For the purpose of allocating each stratum sample of households (or housing units) among PSUs, let us temporarily disregard the cell and housing unit stages of selection, assuming that households can be selected directly within PSUs. In this case the household inclusion probability can be written thus: <br> <img src="bilder/L34.gif"> <br> where d(s,k) is the household sample size of PSU (s,k). In order to have an epsem design, it is required that Q(s,k) be a constant, independent of which PSUs (k) are selected at the 1st stage. For this to be true it can be seen from (3.4) that the d(s,k)s have to be equal for all selected PSUs within the stratum, i.e. the stratum sample of households, denoted d(s), has to be equally divided among the sample PSUs: <br> <img src="bilder/L35.gif"> <br> Having thus determined the household sample allocation among PSUs within the strata, the next step is to allocate the various PSU subsamples among PSU cells. The housing unit selection stage is still disregarded. The (conditional) inclusion probability for an arbitrary household (s,k,c,d) within PSU (s,k) is: <br> <img src="bilder/L36.gif"> <br> In order to have a local (within PSU) epsem design, the R(s,k,c) must be a constant, i.e. independent of c. However, having two unspecified variables - b(s,k) and d(s,k,c) - and only one equation for determining them, we are free to specify any of them independently. To make a proper choice one should, however, appraise both cost and sampling error components. While budgetary constraints might suggest that the number of cells to be selected should be "small", considerations of sampling error induce no obvious choice. The sampling error can be split into two components reflecting within cell variations and variations between cells, respectively (variations refer to the survey variables). In general, preference should be given to the dominating component of variation. Thus, great between cell variations imply a large number of cells (and few households per cell) to be included, while great within cell variations suggest a smaller number of cells (and more households per cell). <P> As no prior information about the magnitude of the components of variation was available, further elaboration of sampling error considerations would obviously have been both speculative and questionable. We thus leave this discussion in order to address a more practical approach.<BR> It was decided above that 45 PSUs be included in the 1st stage sample, implying on average approximately 23 households to be selected within each of the PSUs. To avoid concentration of all PSU interviews to one single area it was also decided to include at least 2 sample cells in every PSU. An average sample size per cell of 5-10 households was convenient for practical reasons as well. Thus the number of cells selected in each of the sample PSUs was for the majority of PSUs 2-5. There are, however, a few exceptions where only 1 or more than 5 cells were selected, depending on both the total number of cells and the household sample size for the PSU. In practice the b(s,k)s are roughly proportionate to the PSU total number of cells, B(s,k). The allocation of sample cells among PSUs is shown in table A.9. <P> Having thus decided the number of sample cells in each of the PSUs it remains to determine the allocation of the PSU household sample among cells. According to (3.6) this allocation obviously has to be proportionate in order to have a local (within PSU) epsem design. As stated previously, the latter requires R(s,k,c) to be a constant independent of the cell (c) under consideration. Thus, in R(s,k,c) we may omit the index c and reformulate (3.6): <br> <img src="bilder/L37.gif"> <br> In order to calculate R(s,k) for each of the sample PSUs we take the sum for every (s,k) of both sides of (3.7): <br> <img src="bilder/L38.gif"> <br> The left hand side adds to the PSU sample size, d(s)/k(s). On the right hand side all statistics are known except for the constant R(s,k). Hence R(s,k) is determined, and the individual d(s,k,c)s can be calculated from (3.7), concluding the sample allocation calculations. The d(s,k,c)s arrived at also determine the number of housing units selected from each cell. <P> The final household and cell sample allocation is displayed in table A.9 for the selected PSUs. <P> Before concluding this section, we return to the overall inclusion probability (3.3), to see how this can be calculated. <br> <img src="bilder/L33.gif"> <br> The first fraction on the right hand side is the 1st stage inclusion probability. At the planning stage the numbers of PSU and stratum households, the D(s,k)s and D(s)s, were not available. Instead, the Benvenisti estimates<a href="A_notes.html#6"><sup>6</sup></a> of the total population figures were used (equation (3.1)). The second fraction is the 2nd stage inclusion probability which can be calculated from the figures in table A.9. To calculate the third fraction, the d(s,k,c)s are taken from the finally observed (net) sample, and the H(s,k,c)s are estimated by formula (2.4) in the Gaza design section. The last fraction - the 4th stage inclusion probability - is determined by the sample observations of the D(s,k,c,h)s. <P> <i>Table A.9 Total and sample number of cells, and household sample size in the West Bank sample PSUs</i><p> <table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5> <tr align=center><td align=left></td><td></td><td colspan=2>Number of cells</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Stratum<br>District/<br>Status</td><td>PSU name (Locality)<br>(s,k)</td><td>Total<br>B(s,k)</td><td>Sample<br>b(s,k)</td><td>Household sample size<br>d(s,k)</td></tr> <tr align=center><td></td><td align=left colspan=4>Bethlehem</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>DC</td><td align=left>Bethlehem</td><td>42</td><td>6</td><td>32</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>OT </td><td align=left>Beit Sahour</td><td>22</td><td>3</td><td>18</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>DV</td><td align=left>Beit Fajjar</td><td>8</td><td>3</td><td>23</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left rowspan=2 valign=to>UV</td><td align=left>Artas</td><td>4</td><td>4</td><td>16</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Husan</td><td>4</td><td>2</td><td>15</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>RC</td><td align=left>El Daheisha</td><td>13</td><td>2</td><td>9</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left></td><td align=left colspan=4>Hebron</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>DC </td><td align=left>Hebron</td><td>107</td><td>10</td><td>77</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>OT</td><td align=left>Yatta</td><td>21</td><td>5</td><td>42</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left rowspan=3 valign=to>DV</td><td align=left>Beit Ummar</td><td>7</td><td>4</td><td>23</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>El Dhahiriya</td><td>8</td><td>6</td><td>22</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Kharass+Nuba</td><td>7+3 </td><td>3+1</td><td>14+8</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left rowspan=2 valign=to>UV</td><td align=left>El Rihiya</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>12</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Sair</td><td>8</td><td>2</td><td>12</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>RC</td><td align=left>El Fawar</td><td>7</td><td>2</td><td>8</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left></td><td align=left colspan=4>Jenin</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>DC</td><td align=left>Jenin</td><td>21</td><td>3</td><td>17</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>OT</td><td align=left>Ya'abad</td><td>12</td><td>5</td><td>35</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>DV</td><td align=left>Jalame</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>35</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left rowspan=3 valign=to>UV</td><td align=left>A'qabe</td><td>5</td><td>3</td><td>18</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Jaba'a</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>19</td></tr> <tr align=center></td><td align=left>Kfar Dan</td><td>4</td><td>3</td><td>19</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>RC</td><td align=left>Mukayam Fara'a</td><td>8</td><td>3</td><td>14</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left></td><td align=left colspan=4>Jericho</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>DC</td><td align=left>Jericho</td><td>21</td><td>3</td><td>13</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>UV</td><td align=left>Nue'ima</td><td>5</td><td>1</td><td>5</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>RC</td><td align=left>Jericho RC</td><td>6</td><td>1</td><td>4</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left></td><td align=left colspan=4>Nablus</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>DC</td><td align=left>Nablus</td><td>106</td><td>10</td><td>78</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>DV</td><td align=left>A'sira Shimaliya</td><td>8</td><td>5</td><td>40</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left rowspan=2 valign=to>UV</td><td align=left>Beit Dajan</td><td>5</td><td>4</td><td>22</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Salem</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>20</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>RC</td><td align=left>Balata RC</td><td>19</td><td>4</td><td>26</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left></td><td align=left colspan=4>Ramallah</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>DC</td><td align=left>Ramallah</td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>OT</td><td align=left>Silwad</td><td>8</td><td>5</td><td>34</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>DV</td><td align=left>Singel</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>25</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left rowspan=4 valign=to>UV</td><td align=left>A'nata</td><td>6</td><td>4</td><td>22</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Deir Jerir</td><td>4</td><td>4</td><td>21</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Kafr Malek</td><td>4</td><td>4</td><td>22</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Qibya</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>20</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>RC</td><td align=left>Am'ari</td><td>10</td><td>3</td><td>15</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left></td><td align=left colspan=4>Tulkarem</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>DC</td><td align=left>Tulkarem</td><td>43</td><td>3</td><td>18</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>OT</td><td align=left>Qalqilya</td><td>37</td><td>5</td><td>29</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left rowspan=3 valign=to>DV</td><td align=left>Allar</td><td>6</td><td>4</td><td>21</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Habla</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>22</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Kafr Qadum</td><td>4</td><td>4</td><td>22</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left rowspan=2 valign=to>UV</td><td align=left>Dannabe</td><td>5</td><td>3</td><td>18</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>Shufa</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>18</td></tr> <tr align=center><td align=left>RC</td><td align=left>Nur el Shams</td><td>5</td><td>2</td><td>14</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align = center> <a href="_._.html"><img src="../../../../../../../sys/almashriq-bottom-line.gif"alt = "----------------" border= 0></a><p><pre> <a href="../../../../../../../base/mailpage.html">al@mashriq</a> 960428/960710</pre> </table> </center> </body> </html>