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Keywords: media format, mathematical model, mathematical modelling, mathematical modeling, content MathML, markup languages, bioengineering, biology
Network Working Group A. Miller
Request for Comment: 4708 The University of Auckland
Category: Informational October 2006
CellML Media Type
Status of This Memo
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this
memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).
Abstract
This document standardises a new media type -- application/cellml+xml
-- for use in exchanging mathematical models represented in a CellML
Umbrella 1.0 compliant markup language.
1. Introduction
The CellML Umbrella format is a standardised markup meta-language for
the interchange of mathematical models. The CellML Umbrella format
provides a common base that is supported by a number of specific
formats used in the interchange of mathematical models. The CellML
Umbrella format provides enough information to determine which
specific language is used to express the model. The syntax and
semantics of the CellML Umbrella format are defined by
[CELLML-UMBRELLA].
The CellML Umbrella format is an actual media format. Although
CellML Umbrella documents contain elements in namespaces defined by
other specifications such as [RDF] and [MATHML], the elements in
these namespaces do not contain sufficient information to define a
mathematical model, and so CellML provides the information required
to interconnect the different CellML components, as well as the
information required to link CellML components to their metadata. As
such, CellML Umbrella documents are more than just a collection of
entities defined elsewhere, and so a new media type is required to
identify CellML.
As all well-formed CellML Umbrella documents are also well-formed XML
documents, the convention described in Section 7 of [RFC3023] has
been observed by use of the +xml suffix.
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RFC 4708 CellML Media Type October 2006
The information in CellML Umbrella documents cannot be interpreted
without understanding the semantics of the XML elements used to mark
up the model structure. Therefore, the application top-level type is
used instead of the text top-level type.
2. Notational Conventions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
The terms "element" and "document element" in this document are to be
interpreted as in [XML].
The term "XML namespace" is to be interpreted as in [NAMESPACES].
3. Media Type Registration for CellML Umbrella
MIME media type name: application
MIME subtype name: cellml+xml
Mandatory parameters: none
Optional parameters: charset
The charset parameter of application/cellml+xml is handled in the
same fashion as for application/xml, as specified in Section 3.2
of [RFC3023]. However, per conformance rule 4 of
[CELLML-UMBRELLA], valid CellML Umbrella documents MUST be in the
UTF-8 character set. If the charset parameter is present, it MUST
take the value "utf-8". CellML processing software SHOULD check
the charset field, and if it is present but not equal to "utf-8",
MAY attempt to recover from the error by processing the document
in the specified character set.
Encoding considerations: As per Section 3.2 of [RFC3023].
Security considerations: As per Section 5 of this document.
Interoperability considerations: As per Section 4.1 of this document.
Published specification:
CellML Umbrella Specification [CELLML-UMBRELLA].
Applications that use this media type: As per Section 4.2 of this
document.
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RFC 4708 CellML Media Type October 2006
Additional information:
Magic number(s): None.
XML processing software can identify CellML Umbrella documents
as XML documents that contain a document element with the local
name "model".
File extension(s):
The RECOMMENDED file extension for CellML Umbrella documents is
.cellml
Some older software uses the file extension .xml. Software
vendors have also used the non-standard extension .cml. In
contexts where the MIME type is available, or where the type
has already been determined as CellML, implementations SHOULD
allow files to be opened regardless of the extension.
Implementations transferring models to an environment that uses
file extensions SHOULD use the .cellml extension.
Macintosh File Type Code(s): "TEXT"
Person & email address to contact for further information:
See the Author's Address section of this document.
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller: The CellML Umbrella 1.0 specification
was authored by Andrew Miller.
The CellML Umbrella 1.0 specification itself will not change.
However, the umbrella specification defines the process for new
specific formats to be registered. The Bioengineering
Institute at The University of Auckland, with input from the
CellML Community via the cellml-discussion@cellml.org mailing
list, has control over the CellML Umbrella Format Registry.
4. Interoperability and Usage
4.1. Interoperability Considerations
The interoperability considerations in Section 3.1 of [RFC3023] also
apply to CellML Umbrella documents. CellML Umbrella documents
contain XML elements defined by each specific format, all of which
are published specifications. In addition to the ability to parse
XML, user agents require software support for the semantics of [RDF]
and/or part or all of a specific format. As efforts are made to keep
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RFC 4708 CellML Media Type October 2006
the number of specific formats small, user agents SHOULD implement
all specific formats listed in the CellML Umbrella Format Registry at
the time they were developed.
4.2. Applications that Use CellML Umbrella Format
CellML Umbrella is device-, platform-, and vendor-neutral and is
supported by a wide range of CellML processing tools, including those
designed to validate, edit, and/or visualise CellML models, extract
MathML or RDF, translate to or from other related specifications,
evaluate mathematics and ordinary differential equations, fit
parameters to models, and serve, archive, and annotate models.
5. Security Considerations
As CellML Umbrella is an XML-based markup language, all the security
considerations presented in Section 10 of [RFC3023] also apply to
CellML Umbrella.
Some types of CellML Umbrella documents can refer to other Uniform
Resource Locators (URLs) in a number of places:
i) References to XML document type definitions or schemas.
ii) References to other models using the import features of some
specific formats.
iii) References to other documents embedded in user-defined data.
Some types of CellML processing software may then automatically
attempt to access the URL and retrieve the document. This retrieval
could have several consequences, specifically,
i) if a CellML document is transferred via e-mail, the fact that
the recipient has opened the CellML document could be
disclosed to the sender without the recipient's knowledge or
consent.
ii) where the recipient of a document transfers the document to
another location using the MIME type defined in this
document, the original author of the document may be notified
of the second address by the attempted retrieval of further
documents.
iii) by performing requests on the recipient's behalf, the CellML
processing software may cause actions to be performed with
privileges granted to the recipient, without the recipient's
knowledge or consent.
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RFC 4708 CellML Media Type October 2006
CellML processing software can mitigate this threat when running in
an environment where it is a concern by requiring explicit
confirmation from the user before attempting to load any external
documents.
6. IANA Considerations
This document specifies a new media type. IANA has added this media
type to their media types registry as specified in [RFC4288].
7. References
7.1. Normative References
[CELLML-UMBRELLA] Miller, A.K., "CellML Umbrella Specification 1.0",
20 April 2006, <http://www.cellml.org/
specifications/cellml_umbrella_1.0>
[NAMESPACES] Bray, T., et. al., "Namespaces in XML 1.1", 4
February 2004, <http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-names11>
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC3023] Murata, M., St. Laurent, S., and D. Kohn, "XML
Media Types", RFC 3023, January 2001.
[XML] Bray, T., et. al., "Extensible Markup Language
(XML) 1.0 (Fourth Edition)", 29 September 2006,
<http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/>
7.2. Informative References
[MATHML] Ion, P. and Miner, R.(editors) "Mathematical Markup
Language (MathML) 1.01 Specification", 7 July 1999,
<http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-MathML/>
[RDF] Beckett, D.(editor) "RDF/XML Syntax Specification
(Revised)", 10 February 2004,
<http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/>
[RFC4288] Freed, N. and J. Klensin, "Media Type
Specifications and Registration Procedures", BCP
13, RFC 4288, December 2005.
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RFC 4708 CellML Media Type October 2006
Author's Address
Andrew Miller
The Bioengineering Institute at The University of Auckland
Level 6, 70 Symonds St
Auckland Central
Auckland
EMail: ak.miller@auckland.ac.nz
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RFC 4708 CellML Media Type October 2006
Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).
This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
retain all their rights.
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Acknowledgement
Funding for the RFC Editor function is provided by the IETF
Administrative Support Activity (IASA).
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