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Paetongtarn Shinawatra (Thai: แพทองธาร ชินวัตร; RTGS: Phaethongthan Chinnawat; born 21 August 1986) is a Thai politician and businesswoman who has served as leader of the Pheu Thai Party since 2023. A member of the Shinawatra political family, she is the youngest daughter of Thaksin Shinawatra (prime minister from 2001 to 2006) and a niece of Yingluck Shinawatra (prime minister from 2011 to 2014). On 16 August 2024, she was selected as the next prime minister of Thailand, pending formal approval by King Vajiralongkorn. She is the youngest person in Thai history to become prime minister and the second woman to hold the position.
Read more: Paetongtarn Shinawatra
Srettha Thavisin (Thai: เศรษฐา ทวีสิน, RTGS: Settha Thawisin, pronounced [sèːt.tʰǎː tʰā.wīː.sǐn] ; born 15 February 1962) is a Thai businessman and politician who served as the 30th Prime Minister of Thailand from 2023 until his dismissal from the position by the Constitutional Court on 14 August 2024 due to his appointment of a cabinet minister who had served time in jail for bribery of government officials. He was previously the chief executive and president of Sansiri.
An epidemic of a new variant of clade I mpox began in Central Africa at least as early as September 2023. As of August 2024, more than 17,000 cases have been reported, with 517 fatalities, the vast majority of which are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Read more: African mpox epidemic
An armed conflict between Israel and Hamas-led Palestinian militant groups has been taking place in the Gaza Strip and Israel since 7 October 2023. The fifth war of the Gaza–Israel conflict since 2008, it has been the deadliest for Palestinians in the entire Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and the most significant military engagement in the region since the Yom Kippur War.
On 24 February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which started in 2014. The invasion, the largest conflict in Europe since World War II, has caused hundreds of thousands of military casualties and tens of thousands of Ukrainian civilian casualties. As of 2024, Russian troops are occupying about 20% of Ukraine. From a population of 41 million, about 8 million Ukrainians had been internally displaced and more than 8.2 million had fled the country by April 2023, creating Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II.
Read more: Russian invasion of Ukraine
A civil war between two rival factions of the military government of Sudan, the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) under Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) under the Janjaweed leader Hemedti, began during Ramadan on 15 April 2023. Fighting has been concentrated around the capital city of Khartoum and the Darfur region. As of 21 January 2024, at least 13,000–15,000 people had been killed and 33,000 others were injured. As of 5 July 2024, over 7.7 million were internally displaced and more than 2.1 million others had fled the country as refugees, | 2,170,592 refugees and many civilians in Darfur have been reported dead as part of the Masalit massacres.
Read more: Sudanese civil war (2023–present)
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