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Confuscious
Pre-Socratics
Plato
Aristotle
Stoics
Middle Platonism: Philo of Alexandria, Plutarch of Chaeronea
Patristics: Justin Martyr, Athanasius of Alexandria, Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nazianzus, John Crysostom, Cyril of Alexandria, Maximus the Confessor, Tertullian, Cyprian, Jerome, Ambrose of Milan, Augustine of Hippo, Gregory the Great
Mishnah, compiled by Judah HaNasi
Jerusalem Talmud (Yerushalmi)
Babylonian Talmud (Bavli)
Neoplatonists: Plotinus, Aedesia, Avempace, Solomon ben Judah (Avicebrol), Anselm, Rabbi Moses ben Jacob ibn Ezra (Ha-Sallaḥ), Abraham Ibn Ezra (Abenezra), St. Bernard of Clairvaux, Hildegard of Bingen
Judah HaLevi
Muslim or Persian Aristotelians: Avicenna (Ibn Sina), Averroes (Ibn Rushd)
Aristotelian Scholastics: Héloïse d'Argenteuil, Peter Abelard, Peter Lombard, Bonaventure, Thomas Aquinas, John Duns Scotus
Jewish Aristotelians: Maimonides, David Kimhi (Radak), Levi ben Gershon (Gersonides or Ralbag)
Mishneh Torah, written by Maimonides.
Nachmanides (Anti-Aristotle).
Martin Luther posts his Ninety-five Theses on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg. This begins the protestant reformation, which includes theologians: Luther, Huldrych Zwingli, and Calvin.
Protestant Scholastics: Immanuel Kant, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, Friedrich Schleiermacher, David Strauss
Maskilim (Jewish Enlightenment): Moses Mendelssohn, Nahman Krochmal, Samson Raphael Hirsch, Abraham Geiger (founder of Reform Judaism)
Hermann Cohen, founder of neo-Kantianism. Teacher of Franz Rosenzweig, and influences Martin Buber.
Existentialism: Søren Kierkegaard, Martin Heidegger
Martin Buber
Neo-Orthodoxy / Dialectical Theology: Karl Barth, Rudolf Bultmann, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Reinhold Niebuhr
Abraham Joshua Heschel
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.