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# Psychology Cheatsheet ## Branches of Psychology - **Behavioral Psychology**: study of observable behavior and its relationship to the environment. - **Cognitive Psychology**: study of mental processes, such as attention, language use, perception, problem solving, memory, and thinking. - **Developmental Psychology**: study of how people change and grow over time. - **Social Psychology**: study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. - **Clinical Psychology**: diagnosis and treatment of mental illness. - **Educational Psychology**: study of how people learn, including topics such as student outcomes, the instructional process, individual differences in learning, gifted learners, and learning disabilities. ## Theories of Psychology - **Psychoanalytic Theory**: unconscious thoughts and experiences shape behavior. - **Behaviorism**: behavior is shaped by environment and experience, rather than innate factors or unconscious thoughts. - **Humanism**: emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans. - **Cognitive Theory**: focuses on the role of mental processes in how people process information, develop language, solve problems, and think. - **Evolutionary Psychology**: examines how human behaviors and tendencies have evolved over time. - **Biopsychology**: looks at how biological processes influence behavior and mental processes. ## Research Methods in Psychology - **Experimental Research**: involves manipulating one variable to determine its effect on another variable. - **Correlational Research**: examines the relationship between two or more variables without manipulating them. - **Case Studies**: detailed analysis of a single person, group, or event. - **Survey Research**: gathering information through questionnaires and surveys. ## Common Psychological Disorders - **Depression**: persistent sadness or loss of interest in activities. - **Anxiety Disorders**: excessive worry, fear, or nervousness. - **Schizophrenia**: a mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to recognize what is real. - **Bipolar Disorder**: a mental illness characterized by periods of depression and periods of elevated mood. - **Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)**: a mental disorder characterized by uncontrollable, recurring thoughts and/or behaviors. ## Key Figures in Psychology - **Sigmund Freud**: founder of psychoanalytic theory. - **B.F. Skinner**: founder of behaviorism. - **Jean Piaget**: developmental psychologist known for his theory of cognitive development in children. - **Carl Rogers**: founder of humanistic psychology. - **Albert Bandura**: social learning theorist known for his work on observational learning. - **Abraham Maslow**: humanistic psychologist known for his theory of the hierarchy of needs. ## Resources - [American Psychological Association (APA)](https://www.apa.org/) - [Psychology Today](https://www.psychologytoday.com/) - [OpenStax Psychology textbook](https://openstax.org/details/books/psychology) - [Coursera Introduction to Psychology course](https://www.coursera.org/learn/introduction-psychology)