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# CHEMISTRY CHEATSHEET ## Basic Concepts - **Atom**: the basic unit of matter, consisting of a nucleus (protons and neutrons) surrounded by electrons. - **Molecule**: a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. - **Element**: a substance composed of only one type of atom. - **Compound**: a substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio. - **Ion**: an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons. ## Chemical Bonds - **Ionic Bond**: a bond formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms. - **Covalent Bond**: a bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms. - **Hydrogen Bond**: a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other. ## Chemical Reactions - **Reactant**: a substance that takes part in and undergoes change in a chemical reaction. - **Product**: a substance produced as a result of a chemical reaction. - **Chemical Equation**: a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction showing the reactants and products. - **Stoichiometry**: the calculation of the quantities of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction. ## States of Matter - **Solid**: a state of matter characterized by a fixed shape and volume. - **Liquid**: a state of matter characterized by a fixed volume but not a fixed shape. - **Gas**: a state of matter characterized by neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume. - **Plasma**: a high-temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons. ## Acids and Bases - **Acid**: a substance that donates hydrogen ions (H+) to a solution. - **Base**: a substance that accepts hydrogen ions (H+) or donates hydroxide ions (OH-) to a solution. - **pH**: a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. ## Resources - [Khan Academy - Chemistry](https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry) - [Chemguide - The Periodic Table](https://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/periodictable/introduction.html) - [Royal Society of Chemistry](https://www.rsc.org/education/teachers/learnnet/alchemy/)