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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) P. Dunkley
Request for Comments: 7977 G. Llewellyn
Updates: 4975, 4976 Xura
Category: Standards Track V. Pascual
ISSN: 2070-1721 Oracle
G. Salgueiro
R. Ravindranath
Cisco
September 2016
The WebSocket Protocol as a Transport
for the Message Session Relay Protocol (MSRP)
Abstract
The WebSocket protocol enables two-way real-time communication
between clients and servers in situations where direct access to TCP
and UDP is not available (for example, from within JavaScript in a
web browser). This document specifies a new WebSocket subprotocol as
a reliable transport mechanism between Message Session Relay Protocol
(MSRP) clients and relays to enable usage of MSRP in new scenarios.
This document normatively updates RFCs 4975 and 4976.
Status of This Memo
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7977.
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF
Contributions published or made publicly available before November
10, 2008. The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this
material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow
modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process.
Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling
the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified
outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may
not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format
it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other
than English.
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1. Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3. WebSocket Protocol Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. The WebSocket MSRP Subprotocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1. Handshake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.2. MSRP Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5. MSRP WebSocket Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.2. Updates to RFC 4975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.2.1. MSRP URI Transport Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.2.2. SDP Transport Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.3. Updates to RFC 4976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.3.1. AUTH Request Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6. Connection Keepalive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7. Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8.1. Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8.1.1. WebSocket Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8.1.2. MSRP Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.2. Example Session: MSRP WebSocket Client to MSRP Client . . 14
8.2.1. SDP Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
8.2.2. SEND (MSRP WebSocket Client to MSRP Client) . . . . . 15
8.2.3. SEND (MSRP Client to MSRP WebSocket Client) . . . . . 16
8.3. Example Session: Two MSRP WebSocket Clients . . . . . . . 18
8.3.1. SDP Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.3.2. SEND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.4. Example Session: MSRP WebSocket Client to MSRP Client
Using a Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
8.4.1. SDP Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
8.4.2. SEND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
9. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Appendix A. Implementation Guidelines: MSRP WebSocket Client
Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 3]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
1. Introduction
The WebSocket [RFC6455] protocol enables message exchange between
clients and servers on top of a persistent TCP connection (optionally
secured with Transport Layer Security (TLS) [RFC5246]). The initial
protocol handshake makes use of HTTP [RFC7230] semantics, allowing
the WebSocket protocol to reuse existing HTTP infrastructure.
Modern web browsers include a WebSocket client stack complying with
the WebSocket API [WS-API] as specified by the W3C. It is expected
that other client applications (those running in personal computers
and devices such as smartphones) will also make a WebSocket client
stack available. The specification in this document enables usage of
Message Session Relay Protocol [RFC4975] in these scenarios.
This specification defines a new WebSocket subprotocol (as defined in
Section 1.9 in [RFC6455]) for transporting MSRP messages between a
WebSocket client and MSRP relay [RFC4976] containing a WebSocket
server, a new transport for MSRP, and procedures for MSRP clients and
relays implementing the WebSocket transport.
MSRP over WebSocket is well suited for MSRP interactions between
clients and servers. Common use cases for MSRP over WebSocket
include:
o Human-to-machine messaging
o Client-to-server data exchange (for example, application control
signaling)
o Human-to-human messaging where local policy requires
authentication and/or logging
MSRP Connection Establishment for Media Anchoring (MSRP-CEMA)
[RFC6714] is outside of the scope of this document, as this document
is intended to describe connecting to a WebSocket server that is an
MSRP relay.
2. Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 4]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
2.1. Definitions
MSRP WebSocket Client: An MSRP entity capable of opening outbound
connections to MSRP relays that are WebSocket servers and
communicating using the WebSocket MSRP subprotocol as defined
by this document.
MSRP WebSocket Server: An MSRP entity (specifically an MSRP relay
[RFC4976]) capable of listening for inbound connections from
WebSocket clients and communicating using the WebSocket MSRP
subprotocol as defined by this document.
3. WebSocket Protocol Overview
The WebSocket protocol [RFC6455] is a transport layer on top of TCP
(optionally secured with TLS [RFC5246]) in which both the client and
server exchange message units in both directions. The protocol
defines a connection handshake, WebSocket subprotocol and extensions
negotiation, a frame format for sending application and control data,
a masking mechanism, and status codes for indicating disconnection
causes.
The WebSocket connection handshake is based on HTTP [RFC7230] and
utilizes the HTTP GET method with an "Upgrade" request. This is sent
by the client and then answered by the server (if the negotiation
succeeded) with an HTTP 101 status code. Once the handshake is
completed, the connection upgrades from HTTP to the WebSocket
protocol. This handshake procedure is designed to reuse the existing
HTTP infrastructure. During the connection handshake, client and
server agree on the application protocol to use on top of the
WebSocket transport. Such application protocol (also known as a
"WebSocket subprotocol") defines the format and semantics of the
messages exchanged by the endpoints. This could be a custom protocol
or a standardized one (such as the WebSocket MSRP subprotocol defined
in this document). Once the HTTP 101 response is processed, both
client and server reuse the underlying TCP connection for sending
WebSocket messages and control frames to each other. Unlike plain
HTTP, this connection is persistent and can be used for multiple
message exchanges.
WebSocket defines message units to be used by applications for the
exchange of data, so it provides a message boundary-preserving
transport layer. These message units can contain either UTF-8 text
or binary data and can be split into multiple WebSocket text/binary
transport frames as needed by the WebSocket stack.
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 5]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
The WebSocket API [WS-API] for web browsers only defines callbacks to
be invoked upon receipt of an entire message unit regardless of
whether it was received in a single WebSocket frame or split across
multiple frames.
4. The WebSocket MSRP Subprotocol
The term WebSocket subprotocol refers to an application-level
protocol layered on top of a WebSocket connection. This document
specifies the WebSocket MSRP subprotocol for carrying MSRP requests
and responses through a WebSocket connection.
4.1. Handshake
The MSRP WebSocket Client and MSRP WebSocket Server negotiate usage
of the WebSocket MSRP subprotocol during the WebSocket handshake
procedure as defined in Section 1.3 of [RFC6455]. The Client MUST
include the value "msrp" in the Sec-WebSocket-Protocol header in its
handshake request. The 101 reply from the Server MUST contain "msrp"
in its corresponding Sec-WebSocket-Protocol header.
Below is an example of a WebSocket handshake in which the Client
requests the WebSocket MSRP subprotocol support from the Server:
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: a.example.com
Upgrade: websocket
Connection: Upgrade
Sec-WebSocket-Key: dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ==
Origin: http://www.example.com
Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: msrp
Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13
The handshake response from the Server accepting the WebSocket MSRP
subprotocol would look as follows:
HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols
Upgrade: websocket
Connection: Upgrade
Sec-WebSocket-Accept: s3pPLMBiTxaQ9kYGzzhZRbK+xOo=
Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: msrp
Once the negotiation has been completed, the WebSocket connection is
established and can be used for the transport of MSRP requests and
responses. The WebSocket messages transmitted over this connection
MUST conform to the negotiated WebSocket subprotocol.
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 6]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
4.2. MSRP Encoding
WebSocket messages can be transported in either UTF-8 text frames or
binary frames. MSRP [RFC4975] allows both text and binary bodies in
MSRP requests. Therefore, MSRP WebSocket Clients and Servers MUST
accept both text and binary frames.
The WebSocket API [WS-API] does not allow developers to choose
whether to send UTF-8 text or binary frames but will not send
non-UTF-8 characters in a text frame. The content of text frames
MUST be interpreted as binary by WebSocket Clients and Servers.
5. MSRP WebSocket Transport
5.1. General
WebSocket clients cannot receive WebSocket connections initiated by
other WebSocket clients or WebSocket servers. This means that it is
challenging for an MSRP client to communicate directly with other
MSRP clients. Therefore, all MSRP-over-WebSocket messages MUST be
routed via an MSRP WebSocket Server. MSRP traffic transported over
WebSockets MUST be protected by using a Secure WebSocket (WSS)
connection (using TLS [RFC5246] over TCP).
MSRP WebSocket Servers can be used to route MSRP messages between
MSRP WebSocket Clients and between MSRP WebSocket Clients and
"normal" MSRP clients and relays.
Each MSRP chunk MUST be carried within a single WebSocket message,
and a WebSocket message MUST NOT contain more than one MSRP chunk.
This simplifies parsing of MSRP messages for both clients and
servers. When large messages are sent by a non-WebSocket peer, MSRP
chunking (as defined in Section 5.1 of [RFC4975]) MUST be used by the
WebSocket MSRP Servers to split the message into several smaller MSRP
chunks.
5.2. Updates to RFC 4975
5.2.1. MSRP URI Transport Parameter
This document defines the value "ws" as the transport parameter value
for an MSRP URI [RFC3986] to be contacted using the MSRP WebSocket
subprotocol as transport.
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 7]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
The updated ABNF [RFC5234] for this parameter is the following (the
original BNF for this parameter can be found in [RFC4975]):
transport = "tcp" / "ws" / 1*ALPHANUM
5.2.2. SDP Transport Protocol
This document does not define a new Session Description Protocol
(SDP) transport protocol for MSRP over WebSockets. As all MSRP-over-
WebSocket messages MUST be routed via an MSRP WebSocket Server, the
MSRP WebSocket Client MUST specify "TCP/TLS/MSRP" protocols in the
SDP m-line -- that being the protocol used by non-WebSocket clients
and between MSRP relays (see Section 8.1 of [RFC4975]).
The "ws" transport parameter will appear in the endpoint URI in the
SDP "path" attribute (see Section 8.2 of [RFC4975]). MSRP was
designed with the possibility of new transport bindings in mind (see
Section 6 of [RFC4975]), so MSRP implementations are expected to
allow unrecognized transports, provided that they do not have to
establish a direct connection to the resource described by the URI.
5.3. Updates to RFC 4976
5.3.1. AUTH Request Authentication
The MSRP relay specification [RFC4976] states that AUTH requests MUST
be authenticated. This document modifies this requirement to state
that all connections between MSRP clients and relays MUST be
authenticated. In the case of the MSRP WebSocket Clients, there are
three possible authentication mechanisms:
1. HTTP Digest authentication in AUTH (as per [RFC4976]).
2. Cookie-based or HTTP Digest authentication in the WebSocket
Handshake (see Section 7).
3. Mutual TLS between the WebSocket-based MSRP client and the
WebSocket server.
The AUTH request is a required event when authentication occurs at
the WebSocket connection level since the "Use-Path:" header required
to create the SDP offer is included in the 200 OK response to the
AUTH request.
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 8]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
6. Connection Keepalive
It is RECOMMENDED that MSRP WebSocket Clients and Servers keep their
WebSocket connections open by sending periodic WebSocket "Ping"
frames as described in Section 5.5.2 of [RFC6455].
The WebSocket API [WS-API] does not provide a mechanism for
applications running in a web browser to control whether or not
periodic WebSocket "Ping" frames are sent to the server. The
implementation of such a keepalive feature is the decision of each
web browser manufacturer and may also depend on the configuration of
the web browser.
A future WebSocket protocol extension providing a similar keepalive
mechanism could also be used.
When MSRP WebSocket Clients or Servers cannot use WebSocket "Ping"
frames to keep connections open, an MSRP implementation MAY use
bodiless SEND requests as described in Section 7.1 of [RFC4975].
MSRP WebSocket Clients or Servers MUST be prepared to receive
bodiless SEND requests.
7. Authentication
Prior to sending MSRP requests, an MSRP WebSocket Client connects to
an MSRP WebSocket Server and performs the connection handshake. As
described in Section 3, the handshake procedure involves a HTTP GET
method request from the Client and a response from the Server
including an HTTP 101 status code.
In order to authorize the WebSocket connection, the MSRP WebSocket
Server MAY inspect any HTTP headers present (for example, Cookie
[RFC6265], Host [RFC7230], or Origin [RFC6454]) in the HTTP GET
request. For many web applications, the value of such a Cookie is
provided by the web server once the user has authenticated themselves
to the web server, which could be done by many existing mechanisms.
As an alternative method, the MSRP WebSocket Server could request
HTTP authentication by replying to the Client's GET method request
with a HTTP 401 status code. The WebSocket protocol [RFC6455] covers
this usage in Section 4.1 and is paraphrased as follows:
If the status code received from the server is not 101, the
WebSocket client stack handles the response per HTTP [RFC7230]
procedures; in particular, the client might perform authentication
if it receives a 401 status code.
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 9]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
If the HTTP GET request contains an Origin header, the MSRP WebSocket
Server SHOULD indicate Cross-Origin Resource Sharing [CORS] by adding
an Access-Control-Allow-Origin header to the 101 response.
Regardless of whether the MSRP WebSocket Server requires
authentication during the WebSocket handshake, authentication MAY be
requested at the MSRP protocol level by an MSRP Server challenging
AUTH requests using a 401 response. Therefore, an MSRP WebSocket
Client SHOULD support HTTP Digest [RFC7235] authentication as stated
in [RFC4976].
8. Examples
8.1. Authentication
8.1.1. WebSocket Authentication
Alice (MSRP WSS) a.example.com
| |
|HTTP GET (WS handshake) F1 |
|---------------------------->|
|101 Switching Protocols F2 |
|<----------------------------|
| |
|AUTH F3 |
|---------------------------->|
|200 OK F4 |
|<----------------------------|
| |
Alice loads a web page using her web browser and retrieves JavaScript
code implementing the WebSocket MSRP subprotocol defined in this
document. The JavaScript code (an MSRP WebSocket Client) establishes
a secure WebSocket connection with an MSRP relay (an MSRP WebSocket
Server) at a.example.com. Upon WebSocket connection, Alice
constructs and sends an MSRP AUTH request. Since the JavaScript
stack in a browser has no way to determine the local address from
which the WebSocket connection was made, this implementation uses a
random ".invalid" domain name for the hostpart of the From-Path URI
(see Appendix A).
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 10]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
In this example, it is assumed that authentication is performed at
the WebSocket layer (not shown), so no challenge is issued for the
MSRP AUTH message:
F1 HTTP GET (WS handshake) Alice -> a.example.com (TLS)
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: a.example.com
Upgrade: websocket
Connection: Upgrade
Sec-WebSocket-Key: dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ==
Origin: https://www.example.com
Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: msrp
Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13
F2 101 Switching Protocols a.example.com -> Alice (TLS)
HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols
Upgrade: websocket
Connection: Upgrade
Sec-WebSocket-Accept: s3pPLMBiTxaQ9kYGzzhZRbK+xOo=
Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: msrp
F3 AUTH Alice -> a.example.com (transport WSS)
MSRP 49fi AUTH
To-Path: msrps://alice@a.example.com:443;ws
From-Path: msrps://df7jal23ls0d.invalid:2855/98cjs;ws
-------49fi$
F4 200 OK a.example.com -> Alice (transport WSS)
MSRP 49fi 200 OK
To-Path: msrps://df7jal23ls0d.invalid:2855/98cjs;ws
From-Path: msrps://alice@a.example.com:443;ws
Use-Path: msrps://a.example.com:2855/jui787s2f;tcp
Expires: 900
-------49fi$
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 11]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
8.1.2. MSRP Authentication
Alice (MSRP WSS) a.example.com
| |
|HTTP GET (WS handshake) F1 |
|---------------------------->|
|101 Switching Protocols F2 |
|<----------------------------|
| |
|AUTH F3 |
|---------------------------->|
|401 Unauthorized F4 |
|<----------------------------|
|AUTH F5 |
|---------------------------->|
|200 OK F6 |
|<----------------------------|
| |
This example uses the same scenario as Section 8.1.1 but with
authentication performed at the MSRP layer.
Note that MSRP does not permit line folding. A "\" in the examples
shows a line continuation due to limitations in line length of this
document. Neither the backslash nor the extra CRLF is included in
the actual MSRP message.
F1 HTTP GET (WS handshake) Alice -> a.example.com (TLS)
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: a.example.com
Upgrade: websocket
Connection: Upgrade
Sec-WebSocket-Key: dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ==
Origin: https://www.example.com
Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: msrp
Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13
F2 101 Switching Protocols a.example.com -> Alice (TLS)
HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols
Upgrade: websocket
Connection: Upgrade
Sec-WebSocket-Accept: s3pPLMBiTxaQ9kYGzzhZRbK+xOo=
Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: msrp
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 12]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
F3 AUTH Alice -> a.example.com (transport WSS)
MSRP 4rsxt9nz AUTH
To-Path: msrps://alice@a.example.com:443;ws
From-Path: msrps://df7jal23ls0d.invalid:2855/98cjs;ws
-------4rsxt9nz$
F4 401 Unauthorized a.example.com -> Alice (transport WSS)
MSRP 4rsxt9nz 401 Unauthorized
To-Path: msrps://df7jal23ls0d.invalid:2855/98cjs;ws
From-Path: msrps://alice@a.example.com:443;ws
WWW-Authenticate: Digest realm="example.com", \
nonce="UvtfpVL7XnnJ63EE244fXDthfLihlMHOY4+dd4A=", qop="auth"
-------4rsxt9nz$
F5 AUTH Alice -> a.example.com (transport WSS)
MSRP qy1hsow5 AUTH
To-Path: msrps://alice@a.example.com:443;ws
From-Path: msrps://df7jal23ls0d.invalid:2855/98cjs;ws
Authorization: Digest username="alice", realm="example.com", \
nonce="UvtfpVL7XnnJ63EE244fXDthfLihlMHOY4+dd4A=", \
uri="msrps://alice@a.example.com:443;ws", \
response="5011d0d58fe975e0d0cdc007ae26f4b7", \
qop=auth, cnonce="zic5ml401prb", nc=00000001
-------qy1hsow5$
F6 200 OK a.example.com -> Alice (transport WSS)
MSRP qy1hsow5 200 OK
To-Path: msrps://df7jal23ls0d.invalid:2855/98cjs;ws
From-Path: msrps://alice@a.example.com:443;ws
Use-Path: msrps://a.example.com:2855/jui787s2f;tcp
Expires: 900
-------qy1hsow5$
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 13]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
8.2. Example Session: MSRP WebSocket Client to MSRP Client
The following subsections show various message exchanges occurring
during the course of an MSRP session between a WebSocket client and a
non-WebSocket client.
8.2.1. SDP Exchange
The following example shows SDP that could be included in a SIP
message to set up an MSRP session between Alice and Bob where Alice
uses a WebSocket MSRP relay and Bob uses a traditional MSRP client
without a relay.
A "\" in the examples shows a line continuation due to limitations in
line length of this document. Neither the backslash nor the extra
CRLF is included in the actual SDP.
Alice makes an offer with a path including the relay (having already
successfully authenticated with the relay):
c=IN IP4 a.example.com
m=message 1234 TCP/TLS/MSRP *
a=accept-types:message/cpim text/plain text/html
a=path:msrps://a.example.com:2855/jui787s2f;tcp \
msrps://df7jal23ls0d.invalid:2855/98cjs;ws
In this offer, Alice wishes to receive MSRP messages via the relay at
a.example.com. She wants to use TLS as the transport for the MSRP
session (beyond the relay). She can accept message/cpim, text/plain,
and text/html message bodies in SEND requests.
Bob's answer to this offer could look like:
c=IN IP4 bob.example.com
m=message 1234 TCP/TLS/MSRP *
a=accept-types:message/cpim text/plain
a=path:msrps://bob.example.com:49154/foo;tcp
Here, Bob wishes to receive the MSRP messages at bob.example.com. He
can accept only message/cpim and text/plain message bodies in SEND
requests and has rejected the text/html content offered by Alice. He
does not need a relay to set up the MSRP session.
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 14]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
8.2.2. SEND (MSRP WebSocket Client to MSRP Client)
Alice (MSRP WSS) a.example.com (MSRP TLS) Bob
| | |
|SEND F1 | |
|---------------------------->| |
|200 OK F2 | |
|<----------------------------| |
| |SEND F3 |
| |---------------------------->|
| |200 OK F4 |
| |<----------------------------|
Later in the session, Alice sends an instant message to Bob. The
MSRP WebSocket Server at a.example.com acts as an MSRP relay, routing
the message to Bob over TLS.
Message details (A "\" in the examples shows a line continuation due
to limitations in line length of this document. Neither the
backslash nor the extra CRLF is included in the actual request or
response):
F1 SEND Alice -> a.example.com (transport WSS)
MSRP 6aef SEND
To-Path: msrps://a.example.com:2855/jui787s2f;tcp \
msrps://bob.example.com:49154/foo;tcp
From-Path: msrps://df7jal23ls0d.invalid:2855/98cjs;ws
Success-Report: no
Byte-Range: 1-*/*
Message-ID: 87652
Content-Type: text/plain
Hi Bob, I'm about to send you file.mpeg
-------6aef$
F2 200 OK a.example.com -> Alice (transport WSS)
MSRP 6aef 200 OK
To-Path: msrps://df7jal23ls0d.invalid:2855/98cjs;ws
From-Path: msrps://a.example.com:2855/jui787s2f;tcp
-------6aef$
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 15]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
F3 SEND a.example.com -> Bob (transport TLS)
MSRP juh76 SEND
To-Path: msrps://bob.example.com:49154/foo;tcp
From-Path: msrps://a.example.com:2855/jui787s2f;tcp \
msrps://df7jal23ls0d.invalid:2855/98cjs;ws
Success-Report: no
Byte-Range: 1-*/*
Message-ID: 87652
Content-Type: text/plain
Hi Bob, I'm about to send you file.mpeg
-------juh76$
F4 200 OK Bob -> a.example.com (transport TLS)
MSRP juh76 200 OK
To-Path: msrps://a.example.com:2855/jui787s2f;tcp
From-Path: msrps://bob.example.com:49154/foo;tcp
-------juh76$
8.2.3. SEND (MSRP Client to MSRP WebSocket Client)
Bob (MSRP TLS) a.example.com (MSRP WSS) Alice
| | |
|SEND F1 | |
|---------------------------->| |
|200 OK F2 | |
|<----------------------------| |
| |SEND F3 |
| |---------------------------->|
| |200 OK F4 |
| |<----------------------------|
Later in the session, Bob sends an instant message to Alice. The
MSRP WebSocket Server at a.example.com acts as an MSRP relay, routing
the message to Alice over secure WebSocket.
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 16]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
Message details (A "\" in the examples shows a line continuation due
to limitations in line length of this document. Neither the
backslash nor the extra CRLF is included in the actual request or
response):
F1 SEND Bob -> a.example.com (transport TLS)
MSRP xght6 SEND
To-Path: msrps://a.example.com:2855/jui787s2f;tcp \
msrps://df7jal23ls0d.invalid:2855/98cjs;ws
From-Path: msrps://bob.example.com:49154/foo;tcp
Success-Report: no
Byte-Range: 1-*/*
Message-ID: 87652
Content-Type: text/plain
Thanks for the file.
-------xght6$
F2 200 OK a.example.com -> Bob (transport TLS)
MSRP xght6 200 OK
To-Path: msrps://bob.example.com:49154/foo;tcp
From-Path: msrps://a.example.com:2855/jui787s2f;tcp
-------xght6$
F3 SEND a.example.com -> Alice (transport WSS)
MSRP yh67 SEND
To-Path: msrps://df7jal23ls0d.invalid:2855/98cjs;ws
From-Path: msrps://a.example.com:2855/jui787s2f;tcp \
msrps://bob.example.com:49154/foo;tcp
Success-Report: no
Byte-Range: 1-*/*
Message-ID: 87652
Content-Type: text/plain
Thanks for the file.
-------yh67$
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 17]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
F4 200 OK Alice -> a.example.com (transport WSS)
MSRP yh67 200 OK
To-Path: msrps://a.example.com:2855/jui787s2f;tcp
From-Path: msrps://df7jal23ls0d.invalid:2855/98cjs;ws
-------yh67$
8.3. Example Session: Two MSRP WebSocket Clients
The following subsections show various message exchanges occurring
during the course of an MSRP session between two WebSocket clients.
8.3.1. SDP Exchange
The following example shows SDP that could be included in a SIP
message to set up an MSRP session between Alice and Carol where both
of them are using the same WebSocket MSRP relay.
Alice makes an offer with a path including the relay (having already
successfully authenticated with the relay):
c=IN IP4 a.example.com
m=message 1234 TCP/TLS/MSRP *
a=accept-types:message/cpim text/plain text/html
a=path:msrps://a.example.com:2855/jui787s2f;tcp \
msrps://df7jal23ls0d.invalid:2855/98cjs;ws
In this offer, Alice wishes to receive MSRP messages via the relay at
a.example.com. She wants to use TLS as the transport for the MSRP
session (beyond the relay). She can accept message/cpim, text/plain,
and text/html message bodies in SEND requests.
Carol's answer to this offer could look like:
c=IN IP4 a.example.com
m=message 1234 TCP/TLS/MSRP *
a=accept-types:message/cpim text/plain
a=path:msrps://a.example.com:2855/iwnslt;tcp \
msrps://jk9awp14vj8x.invalid:2855/76qwe;ws
Here, Carol also wishes to receive the MSRP messages via
a.example.com. She can accept only message/cpim and text/plain
message bodies in SEND requests and has rejected the text/html
content offered by Alice.
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 18]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
8.3.2. SEND
Alice (MSRP WSS) a.example.com (MSRP WSS) Carol
| | |
|SEND F1 | |
|---------------------------->| |
|200 OK F2 | |
|<----------------------------| |
| |SEND F3 |
| |---------------------------->|
| |200 OK F4 |
| |<----------------------------|
Later in the session, Alice sends an instant message to Carol. The
MSRP WebSocket Server at a.example.com acts as an MSRP relay, routing
the message to Carol over secure WebSocket.
In this example, both Alice and Carol are using MSRP WebSocket
Clients and the same MSRP WebSocket Server. This means that
a.example.com will appear twice in the To-Path in F1. a.example.com
can either handle this internally or loop the MSRP SEND request back
to itself as if it were two separate MSRP relays.
Message details (A "\" in the examples shows a line continuation due
to limitations in line length of this document. Neither the
backslash nor the extra CRLF is included in the actual request or
response):
F1 SEND Alice -> a.example.com (transport WSS)
MSRP kjh6 SEND
To-Path: msrps://a.example.com:2855/jui787s2f;tcp \
msrps://a.example.com:2855/iwnslt;tcp \
msrps://jk9awp14vj8x.invalid:2855/76qwe;ws
From-Path: msrps://df7jal23ls0d.invalid:2855/98cjs;ws
Success-Report: no
Byte-Range: 1-*/*
Message-ID: 87652
Content-Type: text/plain
Carol, I sent that file to Bob.
-------kjh6$
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 19]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
F2 200 OK a.example.com -> Alice (transport WSS)
MSRP kjh6 200 OK
To-Path: msrps://df7jal23ls0d.invalid:2855/98cjs;ws
From-Path: msrps://a.example.com:2855/jui787s2f;tcp
-------kjh6$
F3 SEND a.example.com -> Carol (transport WSS)
MSRP re58 SEND
To-Path: msrps://jk9awp14vj8x.invalid:2855/76qwe;ws
From-Path: msrps://a.example.com:2855/iwnslt;tcp \
msrps://a.example.com:2855/jui787s2f;tcp \
msrps://df7jal23ls0d.invalid/98cjs;ws
Success-Report: no
Byte-Range: 1-*/*
Message-ID: 87652
Content-Type: text/plain
Carol, I sent that file to Bob.
-------re58$
F4 200 OK Carol -> a.example.com (transport WSS)
MSRP re58 200 OK
To-Path: msrps://a.example.com:2855/iwnslt;tcp
From-Path: msrps://jk9awp14vj8x.invalid:2855/76qwe;ws
-------re58$
8.4. Example Session: MSRP WebSocket Client to MSRP Client Using a
Relay
The following subsections show various message exchanges occurring
during the course of an MSRP session between a WebSocket client and a
non-WebSocket client, where the latter is also using an MSRP relay.
8.4.1. SDP Exchange
The following example shows SDP that could be included in a SIP
message to set up an MSRP session between Alice and Bob where Alice
uses a WebSocket MSRP relay and Bob uses a traditional MSRP client
with a separate relay.
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 20]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
Alice makes an offer with a path including the relay (having already
successfully authenticated with the relay):
c=IN IP4 a.example.com
m=message 1234 TCP/TLS/MSRP *
a=accept-types:message/cpim text/plain text/html
a=path:msrps://a.example.com:2855/jui787s2f;tcp \
msrps://df7jal23ls0d.invalid:2855/98cjs;ws
In this offer, Alice wishes to receive MSRP messages via the relay at
a.example.com. She wants to use TLS as the transport for the MSRP
session (beyond the relay). She can accept message/cpim, text/plain,
and text/html message bodies in SEND requests.
Bob's answer to this offer could look like:
c=IN IP4 bob.example.com
m=message 1234 TCP/TLS/MSRP *
a=accept-types:message/cpim text/plain
a=path:msrps://relay.example.net:2855/kwvin5f;tcp \
msrps://bob.example.com:49154/foo;tcp
Here, Bob wishes to receive the MSRP messages via the relay at
relay.example.net. He can accept only message/cpim and text/plain
message bodies in SEND requests and has rejected the text/html
content offered by Alice.
8.4.2. SEND
Alice (MSRP WSS) a.example.com (MSRP) relay.example.net (MSRP) Bob
| | | |
|SEND F1 | | |
|--------------------->| | |
|200 OK F2 | | |
|<---------------------| | |
| |SEND F3 | |
| |---------------------->| |
| |200 OK F4 | |
| |<----------------------| |
| | |SEND F5 |
| | |------------------->|
| | |200 OK F6 |
| | |<-------------------|
Later in the session, Alice sends an instant message to Bob. The
MSRP WebSocket Server at a.example.com acts as an MSRP relay, routing
the message to Bob via his relay, relay.example.net.
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 21]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
Message details (A "\" in the examples shows a line continuation due
to limitations in line length of this document. Neither the
backslash nor the extra CRLF is included in the actual request or
response):
F1 SEND Alice -> a.example.com (transport WSS)
MSRP Ycwt SEND
To-Path: msrps://a.example.com:2855/jui787s2f;tcp \
msrps://relay.example.net:2855/kwvin5f;tcp \
msrps://bob.example.com:49154/foo;tcp
From-Path: msrps://df7jal23ls0d.invalid:2855/98cjs;ws
Success-Report: no
Byte-Range: 1-*/*
Message-ID: 87652
Content-Type: text/plain
Bob, that was the wrong file - don't watch it!
-------Ycwt$
F2 200 OK a.example.com -> Alice (transport WSS)
MSRP Ycwt 200 OK
To-Path: msrps://df7jal23ls0d.invalid:2855/98cjs;ws
From-Path: msrps://a.example.com:2855/jui787s2f;tcp
-------Ycwt$
F3 SEND a.example.com -> relay.example.net (transport TLS)
MSRP 13GA SEND
To-Path: msrps://relay.example.net:2855/kwvin5f;tcp \
msrps://bob.example.com:49154/foo;tcp
From-Path: msrps://a.example.com:2855/jui787s2f;tcp \
msrps://df7jal23ls0d.invalid/98cjs;ws
Success-Report: no
Byte-Range: 1-*/*
Message-ID: 87652
Content-Type: text/plain
Bob, that was the wrong file - don't watch it!
-------13GA$
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 22]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
F4 200 OK relay.example.net -> a.example.com (transport TLS)
MSRP 13GA 200 OK
To-Path: msrps://a.example.com:2855/iwnslt;tcp
From-Path: msrps://relay.example.net:2855/kwvin5f;tcp
-------13GA$
F5 SEND relay.example.net -> bob.example.com (transport TLS)
MSRP kXeg SEND
To-Path: msrps://bob.example.com:49154/foo;tcp
From-Path: msrps://relay.example.net:2855/kwvin5f;tcp \
msrps://a.example.com:2855/jui787s2f;tcp \
msrps://df7jal23ls0d.invalid/98cjs;ws
Success-Report: no
Byte-Range: 1-*/*
Message-ID: 87652
Content-Type: text/plain
Bob, that was the wrong file - don't watch it!
-------kXeg$
F6 200 OK bob.example.com -> relay.example.net (transport TLS)
MSRP kXeg 200 OK
To-Path: msrps://relay.example.net:2855/kwvin5f;tcp
From-Path: msrps://bob.example.com:49154/foo;tcp
-------kXeg$
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 23]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
9. Security Considerations
MSRP traffic transported over WebSockets MUST be protected by using a
secure WebSocket connection (using TLS [RFC5246] over TCP).
When establishing a connection using MSRP over secure WebSockets, the
client MUST authenticate the server using the server's certificate
according to the WebSocket validation procedure in [RFC6455].
Any security considerations specific to the WebSocket protocol are
detailed in the relevant specification [RFC6455] and are considered
outside the scope of this document. The certificate name matching
(described by [RFC6455]) and cryptosuite selection will be handled by
the browser, and the browser's procedures will supersede those
specified in [RFC4975].
Since the TLS session is always terminated at the MSRP WebSocket
Server and the WebSocket server can see the plain text, the MSRP
client (browser) SHOULD NOT indicate end-to-end security to user.
TLS, as used in this document, should follow the best current
practices defined in [RFC7525].
10. IANA Considerations
Per this specification, IANA has registered the WebSocket MSRP
subprotocol in the "WebSocket Subprotocol Name Registry" with the
following data:
Subprotocol Identifier: msrp
Subprotocol Common Name: WebSocket Transport for MSRP (Message
Session Relay Protocol)
Subprotocol Definition: RFC 7977
Reference: RFC 7977
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 24]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
11. References
11.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC4975] Campbell, B., Ed., Mahy, R., Ed., and C. Jennings, Ed.,
"The Message Session Relay Protocol (MSRP)", RFC 4975,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4975, September 2007,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4975>.
[RFC4976] Jennings, C., Mahy, R., and A. Roach, "Relay Extensions
for the Message Sessions Relay Protocol (MSRP)", RFC 4976,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4976, September 2007,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4976>.
[RFC5234] Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5234, January 2008,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5234>.
[RFC6455] Fette, I. and A. Melnikov, "The WebSocket Protocol",
RFC 6455, DOI 10.17487/RFC6455, December 2011,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6455>.
11.2. Informative References
[CORS] van Kesteren, A., Ed., "Cross-Origin Resource Sharing",
W3C Recommendation, January 2014,
<http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/REC-cors-20140116/>.
[RFC2606] Eastlake 3rd, D. and A. Panitz, "Reserved Top Level DNS
Names", BCP 32, RFC 2606, DOI 10.17487/RFC2606, June 1999,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2606>.
[RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66,
RFC 3986, DOI 10.17487/RFC3986, January 2005,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3986>.
[RFC5246] Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
(TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5246, August 2008,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5246>.
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 25]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
[RFC6265] Barth, A., "HTTP State Management Mechanism", RFC 6265,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6265, April 2011,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6265>.
[RFC6454] Barth, A., "The Web Origin Concept", RFC 6454,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6454, December 2011,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6454>.
[RFC6714] Holmberg, C., Blau, S., and E. Burger, "Connection
Establishment for Media Anchoring (CEMA) for the Message
Session Relay Protocol (MSRP)", RFC 6714,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6714, August 2012,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6714>.
[RFC7118] Baz Castillo, I., Millan Villegas, J., and V. Pascual,
"The WebSocket Protocol as a Transport for the Session
Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 7118,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7118, January 2014,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7118>.
[RFC7230] Fielding, R., Ed. and J. Reschke, Ed., "Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing",
RFC 7230, DOI 10.17487/RFC7230, June 2014,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7230>.
[RFC7235] Fielding, R., Ed. and J. Reschke, Ed., "Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Authentication", RFC 7235,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7235, June 2014,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7235>.
[RFC7525] Sheffer, Y., Holz, R., and P. Saint-Andre,
"Recommendations for Secure Use of Transport Layer
Security (TLS) and Datagram Transport Layer Security
(DTLS)", BCP 195, RFC 7525, DOI 10.17487/RFC7525, May
2015, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7525>.
[WS-API] Hickson, I., Ed., "The WebSocket API", W3C Candidate
Recommendation, September 2012,
<https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-websockets-20120920/>.
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 26]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
Appendix A. Implementation Guidelines: MSRP WebSocket Client
Considerations
The JavaScript stack in web browsers does not have the ability to
discover the local transport address used for originating WebSocket
connections. Therefore, the MSRP WebSocket Client constructs a
domain name consisting of a random token followed by the ".invalid"
top-level domain name, as stated in [RFC2606], and uses it within its
From-Path headers.
The From-Path URI provided by MSRP clients that use an MSRP relay is
not used for routing MSRP messages, thus, it is safe to set a random
domain in the hostpart of the From-Path URI.
Acknowledgements
Special thanks to Inaki Baz Castillo, Jose Luis Millan Villegas, and
Victor Pascual, the authors of [RFC7118], which has inspired this
document.
Additional thanks to Inaki Baz Castillo, who pointed out that "web
browser" shouldn't be used all the time, as this specification should
be valid for smartphones and apps other than browsers and suggested
clarifications to the SDP handling for MSRP over WebSocket.
Special thanks to James Wyatt from Crocodile RCS Ltd for helping with
the JavaScript MSRP-over-WebSockets prototyping.
Special thanks to Anton Roman who has contributed to this document.
Thanks to Saul Ibarra Corretge for suggesting that the existing MSRP
keepalive mechanism may be used when WebSocket pings are not
available.
Thanks to Ben Campbell, Inaki Baz Castillo, Keith Drage, Olle
Johansson, and Christer Holmberg for their thoughtful discussion
comments and review feedback that led to the improvement of this
document. Special thanks to Mary Barnes for both her technical
review and for offering to act as Document Shepherd. Thanks also to
Stephen Farrell, Alissa Cooper, Mirja Kuehlewind, Allison Mankin,
Alexey Melnikov, and Kathleen Moriarty for their review comments.
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 27]
RFC 7977 WebSocket as a Transport for MSRP September 2016
Authors' Addresses
Peter Dunkley
Xura
Lancaster Court
8 Barnes Wallis Road
Fareham PO15 5TU
United Kingdom
Email: peter.dunkley@xura.com
Gavin Llewellyn
Xura
Lancaster Court
8 Barnes Wallis Road
Fareham PO15 5TU
United Kingdom
Email: gavin.llewellyn@xura.com
Victor Pascual
Oracle
Email: victor.pascual.avila@oracle.com
Gonzalo Salgueiro
Cisco Systems, Inc.
7200-12 Kit Creek Road
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
United States of America
Email: gsalguei@cisco.com
Ram Mohan Ravindranath
Cisco Systems, Inc.
Email: rmohanr@cisco.com
Dunkley, et al. Standards Track [Page 28]