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# Caving Cheatsheet ### Terminology - Cave: natural underground chamber or series of chambers - Caver: person who explores caves - Speleology: scientific study of caves - Stalactite: icicle-shaped formation that hangs from the ceiling of a cave - Stalagmite: mound-shaped formation that rises from the floor of a cave - Helictite: twisted, eccentric-shaped formation that protrudes from the walls or ceiling of a cave ### Essential Gear - Helmet with a light source - Climbing harness - Rappelling equipment (e.g., descender, carabiners) - Climbing rope - Knee and elbow pads - Gloves - Boots with good traction - Backpack to carry gear - First aid kit - Emergency whistle ### Safety Tips - Never cave alone - Let someone know your planned route and expected return time - Always wear a helmet with a light source - Stay on marked trails - Don't touch cave formations - Avoid loose rocks and unstable areas - Be prepared for changes in temperature and humidity - Bring enough water and high-energy snacks - Learn basic first aid ### Techniques - Proper rappelling technique - Rope management skills - Proper footwork and hand placement for climbing - Basic navigation skills - Safe crossing of water obstacles - Knowledge of vertical rescue techniques ### Resources - [National Speleological Society](https://caves.org/) - [Cavechat forum](https://forums.caves.org/) - [Caving News](https://cavingnews.com/) - [Speleogenesis](http://www.speleogenesis.info/) - [How to cave safely](https://www.bustle.com/articles/100809-8-tips-for-caving-safely-for-your-next-underground-adventure)