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Network Working Group S. Alexander, Editor
Request for Comments: 1572 Lachman Technology, Inc.
Category: Standards Track January 1994
Telnet Environment Option
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Abstract
This document specifies a mechanism for passing environment
information between a telnet client and server. Use of this
mechanism enables a telnet user to propagate configuration
information to a remote host when connecting.
This document corrects some errors in [1].
1. Command Names and Codes
NEW-ENVIRON 39
IS 0
SEND 1
INFO 2
VAR 0
VALUE 1
ESC 2
USERVAR 3
2. Command Meanings
IAC WILL NEW-ENVIRON
The sender of this command is willing to send environment
variables.
IAC WONT NEW-ENVIRON
The sender of this command refuses to send environment variables.
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RFC 1572 Telnet Environment Option January 1994
IAC DO NEW-ENVIRON
The sender of this command is willing to receive environment
variables.
IAC DONT NEW-ENVIRON
The sender of this command refuses to accept environment
variables.
IAC SB NEW-ENVIRON SEND [ type ... [ type ... [ ... ] ] ] IAC SE
The sender of this command requests that the remote side send its
environment variables. The "type" may be either VAR or USERVAR,
to indicate either well known or user variable names. Only the
side that is DO NEW-ENVIRON may initiate a SEND command. If a
list of variables is specified, then only those variables should
be sent. If no list is specified, then the default environment,
of both well known and user defined variables, should be sent. If
one of the variables has no name, then all the variables of that
type (well known or user defined) in the default environment
should be sent.
IAC SB NEW-ENVIRON IS type ... [ VALUE ... ] [ type ... [ VALUE ... ]
[ ... ] ] IAC SE
The sender of this command is sending environment variables. This
command is sent in response to a SEND request. Only the side that
is WILL NEW-ENVIRON may send an IS command. The "type"/VALUE
pairs must be returned in the same order as the SEND request
specified them, and there must be a response for each "type ..."
explicitly requested. The "type" will be VAR or USERVAR.
Multiple environment variables may be sent. The characters
following a "type" up to the next "type" or VALUE specify the
variable name. The characters following a VALUE up to the next
"type" specify the value of the variable. If a "type" is not
followed by a VALUE (e.g., by another VAR, USERVAR, or IAC SE)
then that variable is undefined. If a VALUE is immediately
followed by a "type" or IAC, then the variable is defined, but has
no value. If an IAC is contained between the IS and the IAC SE,
it must be sent as IAC IAC. If a variable or a value contains a
VAR, it must be sent as ESC VAR. If a variable or a value
contains a USERVAR, it must be sent as ESC USERVAR. If a variable
or a value contains a VALUE, it must be sent as ESC VALUE. If a
variable or a value contains an ESC, it must be sent as ESC ESC.
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RFC 1572 Telnet Environment Option January 1994
IAC SB NEW-ENVIRON INFO type ... [ VALUE ... ] [ type ... [ VALUE ...
] [ ... ] ] IAC SE
The sender of this command is sending information about
environment variables that have changed. It is identical to the
IS command, except that the command is INFO instead of IS. Only
the side that is WILL NEW-ENVIRON may send an INFO command. The
INFO command is not to be used to send initial information; the
SEND/IS sequence is to be used for that. The INFO command is to
be used to propagate changes in environment variables, and may be
spontaneously generated.
3. Default Specification
The default specification for this option is
WONT NEW-ENVIRON
DONT NEW-ENVIRON
meaning there will not be any exchange of environment information.
4. Motivation
Many operating systems have startup information and environment
variables that contain information that should be propagated to
remote machines when Telnet connections are established. Rather than
create a new Telnet option each time someone comes up with some new
information that they need propagated through a Telnet session, but
that the Telnet session itself doesn't really need to know about,
this generic information option can be used.
5. Well Known Variables
USER This variable is used to transmit the user or account
name that the client wishes to log into on the remote
system. The format of the value the USER variable is
system dependent, as determined by the remote system.
JOB This variable is used to transmit the job ID that the
client wishes to use when logging into the remote system.
The format of the value the JOB variable is system
dependent, as determined by the remote system.
ACCT This variable is used to transmit the account ID that the
client wishes to use when logging into the remote system.
The format of the value the ACCT variable is system
dependent, as determined by the remote system.
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RFC 1572 Telnet Environment Option January 1994
PRINTER This variable is used to identify the default location
for printer output. Because there does not currently
exist a standard way of naming a printer on a network,
the format of this variable is currently undefined.
SYSTEMTYPE This is used to transmit the type of operating system on
the system that sends this variable. It value is
identical to the value of the SYSTEM (SYST) command in
FTP [4]. The format of the value shall have as its first
word one of the system names listed in the current
version of the Assigned Numbers document [5].
DISPLAY This variable is used to transmit the X display location
of the client. The format for the value of the DISPLAY
variable is:
<host>:<dispnum>[.<screennum>]
This information is identical to the information passed
using the Telnet X-DISPLAY-LOCATION option. If both the
DISPLAY environment variable, and the X-DISPLAY-LOCATION
option [6] are received, and they contain conflicting
information, the most recently received information
received should be used.
Because it is impossible to anticipate all variables that users may
wish to exchange, the USERVAR type is provided to allow users to
transmit arbitrary variable/value pairs. The use of an additional
type allows implementations to distinguish between values derived by
the remote host software and values supplied by the user. Paranoid
implementations will most likely treat both types with an equal level
of distrust. The results of a name-space collision between a well-
known and a user variable are implementation specific.
6. Implementation Rules
WILL and DO are used only at the beginning of the connection to
obtain and grant permission for future negotiations.
Once the two hosts have exchanged a WILL and a DO, the sender of the
DO NEW-ENVIRON is free to request that environment variables be sent.
Only the sender of the DO may send requests (IAC SB NEW-ENVIRON SEND
IAC SE) and only the sender of the WILL may transmit actual
environment information (via the IAC SB NEW-ENVIRON IS ... IAC SE
command). Though this option may be used at any time throughout the
life of the telnet connection, the exchange of environment
information will usually happen at the startup of the connection.
This is because many operating systems only have mechanisms for
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RFC 1572 Telnet Environment Option January 1994
propagating environment information at process creation, so the
information is needed before the user logs in.
The receiving host is not required to put all variables that it
receives into the environment. For example, if the client should
send across USERVAR "TERM" VALUE "xterm" as an environment variable,
and the TERMINAL-TYPE [3] option has already been used to determine
the terminal type, the server may safely ignore the TERM variable.
Also, some startup information may be used in other ways; for
example, the values for "USER", "ACCT" and "PROJ" values might be
used to decide which account to log into, and might never be put into
the users environment. In general, if the server has already
determined the value of an environment variable by some more accurate
means, or if it does not understand a variable name, it may ignore
the value sent in the NEW-ENVIRON option. The server may also prefer
to just put all unknown information into the users environment. This
is the suggested method of implementation, because it allows the user
the most flexibility.
The following is an example of use of the option:
Host1 Host2
IAC DO NEW-ENVIRON
IAC WILL NEW-ENVIRON
[ Host1 is now free to request environment information ]
IAC SB NEW-ENVIRON SEND VAR
"USER" VAR "ACCT" VAR USERVAR
IAC SE
[ The server has now explicitly asked for the USER and ACCT
variables, the default set of well known environment variables,
and the default set of user defined variables. Note that the
client includes the USER information twice; once because it was
explicitly asked for, and once because it is part of the
default environment. ]
IAC SB NEW-ENVIRON IS VAR "USER"
VALUE "joe" VAR "ACCT" VALUE
"kernel" VAR "USER" VALUE "joe"
VAR "DISPLAY" VALUE "foo:0.0"
USERVAR "SHELL" VALUE "/bin/csh"
IAC SE
It is legal for a client to respond with an empty environment (no
data between the IAC SB and IAC SE) when no well-defined or user
variables are currently defined. For example:
IAC SB NEW-ENVIRON IS IAC SE
is a valid response to any of the following:
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RFC 1572 Telnet Environment Option January 1994
IAC SB NEW-ENVIRON SEND IAC SE
IAC SB NEW-ENVIRON SEND VAR IAC SE
IAC SB NEW-ENVIRON SEND USERVAR IAC SE
IAC SB NEW-ENVIRON SEND VAR USERVAR IAC SE
(The last example is equivalent to the first...)
The earlier version of this specification [1] incorrectly reversed
the values for VAR and VALUE, which put the specification at odds
with existing implementations. In order to resolve that problem, as
well as other minor problems, a new option number has been assigned
to the NEW-ENVIRON option. This allows implementations of this memo
to interoperate with no ambiguity.
For a discussion on how to implement to interoperate with the various
implementations that pre-date this memo, see [2].
It is expected that any implementation that supports the Telnet NEW-
ENVIRON option will support all of this specification.
7. Security Concerns
It is important for an implementor of the NEW-ENVIRON option to
understand the interaction of setting options and the
login/authentication process. Specifically careful analysis should be
done to determine which variables are "safe" to set prior to having
the client login. An example of a bad choice would be permitting a
variable to be changed that allows an intruder to circumvent or
compromise the login/authentication program itself.
8. References
[1] Borman, D., Editor, "Telnet Environment Option", RFC 1408, Cray
Research, Inc., January 1993.
[2] Borman, D., "Telnet Environment Option Interoperability Issues",
RFC 1571, Cray Research, Inc., January 1994.
[3] VanBokkelen, J., "Telnet Terminal-Type Option", RFC 1091, FTP
Software, Inc., February 1989.
[4] Postel, J., and J. Reynolds, "File Transfer Protocol (FTP)", STD
9, RFC 959, USC/Information Sciences Institute, October 1985.
[5] Reynolds, J., and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2, RFC 1340,
USC/Information Sciences Institute, July 1992.
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RFC 1572 Telnet Environment Option January 1994
[6] Marcy, G., "Telnet X Display Location Option", RFC 1096, Carnegie
Mellon University, March 1989.
Acknowledgements
The original version of this document was written by Dave Borman of
Cray Research, Inc. In addition, the comments of the Telnet Working
Group of the IETF are gratefully acknowledged.
Security Considerations
Security issues are discussed in Section 7.
Editor's Address
Steve Alexander
Lachman Technology, Inc.
1901 North Naper Boulevard
Naperville, IL 60563-8895
Phone: (708) 505-9555 x256
EMail: stevea@lachman.com
Telnet Working Group [Page 7]