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🇫🇴 Faroe Islands

Europe

Page last updated: May 22, 2024

Introduction

Background

The Faroe Islands were already populated by about A.D. 500, but whether the original settlers were Celtic or early Norse (or someone else) has yet to be determined. Viking settlers arrived on the islands in the 9th century, and the islands served as an important stepping stone for medieval Viking exploration of the North Atlantic. The islands have been connected politically to Denmark since the 14th century, and today the Faroe Islands are a self-governing dependency of Denmark. The Home Rule Act of 1948 granted a high degree of self-government to the Faroese, who have autonomy over most internal affairs and external trade, while Denmark is responsible for justice, defense, and some foreign affairs. The Faroe Islands are not part of the European Union.

Geography

Location

Northern Europe, island group between the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about halfway between Iceland and Norway

Geographic coordinates

62 00 N, 7 00 W

Map references

Europe

Area

Total: 1,393 km²

Land: 1,393 km²

Water: 0 km² (some lakes and streams)

Area - comparative

Eight times the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries

Total: 0 km

Coastline

1,117 km

Maritime claims

Territorial sea: 12 nm

Continental shelf: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line

Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line

Climate

Mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy, windy

Terrain

Rugged, rocky, some low peaks; cliffs along most of coast

Elevation

Highest point: Slaettaratindur 882 m

Lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

Natural resources

Fish, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas

Land use

Agricultural land: 2.1% (2018 est.)

Arable land: 2.1% (2018 est.)

Permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

Permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)

Forest: 0.1% (2018 est.)

Other: 97.8% (2018 est.)

Population distribution

The island of Streymoy is by far the most populous with over 40% of the population; it has approximately twice as many inhabitants as Eysturoy, the second most populous island; seven of the inhabited islands have fewer than 100 people

Natural hazards

Strong winds and heavy rains can occur throughout the year

Geography - note

Archipelago of 17 inhabited islands and one uninhabited island, and a few uninhabited islets; strategically located along important sea lanes in northeastern Atlantic; precipitous terrain limits habitation to small coastal lowlands

People and Society

Population

Total: 52,933

Male: 27,400

Female: 25,533 (2024 est.)

Comparison rankings: female 208; male 208; total 208

Nationality

Noun: Faroese (singular and plural)

Adjective: Faroese

Ethnic groups

Faroese 83.8% (Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon descent), Danish 8.3%, Filipino 1.2%, other Nordic 0.9%, other 4.5% (includes Polish and Romanian) (2024 est.)

Note: data represent respondents by country of birth

Languages

Faroese 93.8% (derived from Old Norse), Danish 3.2%, other 3% (2011 est.)

Note: data represent population by primary language

Religions

Christian 87% (predominantly Evangelical Lutheran), other 0.9%, none 3.7%, unspecified 8.9% (2011 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 20% (male 5,489/female 5,122)

15-64 years: 61.5% (male 17,188/female 15,346)

65 years and over: 18.5% (2024 est.) (male 4,723/female 5,065)

2023 population pyramid:

Dependency ratios

Total dependency ratio: 62.8

Youth dependency ratio: 33.6

Elderly dependency ratio: 29.1

Potential support ratio: 3.4 (2021)

Median age

Total: 36.8 years (2024 est.)

Male: 36.9 years

Female: 36.8 years

Population growth rate

0.63% (2024 est.)

Birth rate

14.9 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate

8.6 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution

The island of Streymoy is by far the most populous with over 40% of the population; it has approximately twice as many inhabitants as Eysturoy, the second most populous island; seven of the inhabited islands have fewer than 100 people

Urbanization

Urban population: 43% of total population (2023)

Rate of urbanization: 0.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030

Major urban areas - population

21,000 TORSHAVN (capital) (2018)

Sex ratio

At birth: 1.07 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 1.12 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.93 male(s)/female

Total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Infant mortality rate

Total: 5.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)

Male: 6.3 deaths/1,000 live births

Female: 5.1 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth

Total population: 81.7 years (2024 est.)

Male: 79.2 years

Female: 84.4 years

Total fertility rate

2.27 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

1.09 (2024 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

NA

Drinking water source

Improved: urban: NA

Rural: NA

Total: 100% of population

Unimproved: urban: NA

Rural: NA

Total: 0% of population (2020)

Current health expenditure

NA

Physicians density

2.62 physicians/1,000 population (2016)

Hospital bed density

4.2 beds/1,000 population (2016)

Sanitation facility access

Improved: urban: NA

Rural: NA

Total: NA

Unimproved: urban: NA

Rural: NA

Total: NA

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

NA

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

34.8% (2023 est.)

Education expenditures

7.6% of GDP (2019 est.)

Literacy

Total population: NA

Male: NA

Female: NA

Environment

Environment - current issues

Coastal erosion, landslides and rockfalls, flash flooding, wind storms; oil spills

Climate

Mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy, windy

Land use

Agricultural land: 2.1% (2018 est.)

Arable land: 2.1% (2018 est.)

Permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

Permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)

Forest: 0.1% (2018 est.)

Other: 97.8% (2018 est.)

Urbanization

Urban population: 43% of total population (2023)

Rate of urbanization: 0.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030

Revenue from forest resources

0% of GDP (2017 est.)

Air pollutants

Carbon dioxide emissions: 0.63 megatons (2016 est.)

Waste and recycling

Municipal solid waste generated annually: 61,000 tons (2014 est.)

Municipal solid waste recycled annually: 40,870 tons (2012 est.)

Percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 67% (2012 est.)

Total renewable water resources

0 cubic meters (2017 est.)

Government

Country name

Conventional long form: none

Conventional short form: Faroe Islands

Local long form: none

Local short form: Foroyar

Etymology: the archipelago's name may derive from the Old Norse word "faer," meaning sheep

Government type

Parliamentary democracy (Faroese Parliament); part of the Kingdom of Denmark

Dependency status

Part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark since 1948

Capital

Name: Torshavn

Geographic coordinates: 62 00 N, 6 46 W

Time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Etymology: the meaning in Danish is "Thor's harbor"

Administrative divisions

Part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark; there are 29 first-order municipalities (kommunur, singular - kommuna) Eidhi, Eystur, Famjin, Fuglafjordhur, Fugloy, Hov, Husavik, Hvalba, Hvannasund, Klaksvik, Kunoy, Kvivik, Nes, Porkeri, Runavik, Sandur, Sjovar, Skalavik, Skopun, Skuvoy, Sorvagur, Sumba, Sunda, Torshavn, Tvoroyri, Vagar, Vagur, Vestmanna, Vidhareidhi

Independence

None (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)

National holiday

Olaifest (Olavsoka) (commemorates the death in battle of King OLAF II of Norway, later St. OLAF), 29 July (1030)

Constitution

History: 5 June 1953 (Danish Constitution), 23 March 1948 (Home Rule Act), and 24 June 2005 (Takeover Act) serve as the Faroe Islands' constitutional position in the Unity of the Realm

Amendments: see entry for Denmark

Legal system

The laws of Denmark apply where applicable

Citizenship

See Denmark

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch

Chief of state: King FREDERIK X of Denmark (since 14 January 2024), represented by High Commissioner Lene Moyell JOHANSEN, chief administrative officer (since 15 May 2017) (2024)

Head of government: Prime Minister Aksel V. JOHANNESEN (since 22 December 2022)

Cabinet: Landsstyri appointed by the prime minister

Elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; high commissioner appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by the Faroese Parliament; election last held on 8 December 2022 (next to be held in 2026)

Legislative branch

Description: unicameral Faroese Parliament or Logting (33 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)

The Faroe Islands elect 2 members to the Danish Parliament to serve 4-year terms

Elections: Faroese Parliament - last held on 8 December 2022 (next to be held in 2026)

Faroese seats in the Danish Parliament last held on 31 October 2022 (next to be held no later than 31 October 2026)

Election results: Faroese Parliament percent of vote by party - JF 26.6%, B 20%, A 18.9%, E 17.7%, F 7.5%, H 6.6%, seats by party - JF 9, B 7, A 6, E 6, F 3, H 2; composition - men 24, women 9; percentage women 27.3%

Faroese seats in Danish Parliament - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - JF 1, B 1; composition - men 2, women 0; percentage women 0%

Judicial branch

Highest court(s): Faroese Court or Raett (Rett - Danish) decides both civil and criminal cases; the Court is part of the Danish legal system

Subordinate courts: Court of the First Instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; Court of Administrative Law or Tribunal Administratif; Mixed Commercial Court; Land Court

Political parties and leaders

Center Party or H (Midflokkurin) [Jenis av RANA]

People's Party or A (Folkaflokkurin) [Benir JOHANNESEN]

Progress Party or F (Framsokn) [Ruth VANG]

Republic or E (Tjodveldi) [Hogni HOYDAL] (formerly the Republican Party)

Self-Government Party or D (Sjalvstyri or Sjalvstyrisflokkurin) [Samal Peter I GRUND]

Social Democratic Party or JF (Javnadarflokkurin) or JF [Aksel V. JOHANNESEN]

Union Party or B (Sambandsflokkurin) [Bardur A STEIG NIELSEN]

International organization participation

Arctic Council, IMO (associate), NC, NIB, UNESCO (associate), UPU

Flag description

White with a red cross outlined in blue extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted toward the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); referred to as Merkid, meaning "the banner" or "the mark," the flag resembles those of neighboring Iceland and Norway, and uses the same three colors - but in a different sequence; white represents the clear Faroese sky, as well as the foam of the waves; red and blue are traditional Faroese colors

Note: the blue on the flag is a lighter blue (azure) than that found on the flags of Iceland or Norway

National symbol(s)

Ram; national colors: red, white, blue

National anthem

Name: "Mitt alfagra land" (My Fairest Land)

Lyrics/music: Simun av SKAROI/Peter ALBERG

Note: adopted 1948; the anthem is also known as "Tu alfagra land mitt" (Thou Fairest Land of Mine); as a self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark, the Faroe Islands are permitted their own national anthem

Economy

Economic overview

High-income Danish territorial economy; party neither to the EU nor the Schengen Area; associate Nordic Council member; very low unemployment; unique foreign ownership allowance in fishing industry; known salmon exporter; growing IT industries

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

$2.001 billion (2014 est.)

$1.89 billion (2013 est.)

$1.608 billion (2012 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

5.4% (2022 est.)

5.76% (2021 est.)

-1.93% (2020 est.)

Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per capita

$40,000 (2014 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$3.556 billion (2022 est.)

Note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

-0.3% (2016)

-1.7% (2015)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

Agriculture: 18% (2013 est.)

Industry: 39% (2013 est.)

Services: 43% (2013 est.)

Comparison rankings: services 201; industry 36; agriculture 53

GDP - composition, by end use

Household consumption: 52% (2013)

Government consumption: 29.6% (2013)

Investment in fixed capital: 18.4% (2013)

Agricultural products

Milk, potatoes, lamb/mutton, sheepskins, sheep offal, beef, sheep fat, beef offal, cattle hides, beef suet (2022)

Note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries

Fishing, fish processing, tourism, small ship repair and refurbishment, handicrafts

Industrial production growth rate

4.3% (2014 est.)

Note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force

27,540 (2017 est.)

Unemployment rate

2.2% (2017 est.)

3.4% (2016 est.)

Population below poverty line

10% (2015 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

22.7 (2013 est.)

Remittances

4.45% of GDP (2022 est.)

4.33% of GDP (2021 est.)

4.86% of GDP (2020 est.)

Note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Budget

Revenues: $835.6 million (2014 est.)

Expenditures: $883.8 million (2014)

Note: Denmark supplies the Faroe Islands with almost one-third of its public funds

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-1.7% (of GDP) (2014 est.)

Public debt

35% of GDP (2014 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

30.2% (of GDP) (2014 est.)

Exports

$2.219 billion (2022 est.)

$1.923 billion (2021 est.)

$1.552 billion (2020 est.)

Note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - partners

Russia 26.4%, UK 14.1%, Germany 8.4%, China 7.9%, Spain 6.8%, Denmark 6.2%, US 4.7%, Poland 4.4%, Norway 4.1% (2017)

Exports - commodities

Fish and fish products (2021)

Imports

$2.223 billion (2022 est.)

$1.906 billion (2021 est.)

$1.597 billion (2020 est.)

Note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - partners

Denmark 33%, China 10.7%, Germany 7.6%, Poland 6.8%, Norway 6.7%, Ireland 5%, Chile 4.3% (2017)

Imports - commodities

Goods for household consumption, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials and semi-manufactures, cars

Debt - external

$387.6 million (2012)

$274.5 million (2010)

Exchange rates

Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar -

Exchange rates:

6.287 (2021 est.)

6.542 (2020 est.)

6.669 (2019 est.)

6.315 (2018 est.)

6.603 (2017 est.)

Energy

Electricity access

Electrification - total population: 100% (2021)

Electricity

Installed generating capacity: 128,000 kW (2020 est.)

Consumption: 358.64 million kWh (2019 est.)

Exports: 0 kWh (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 kWh (2020 est.)

Transmission/distribution losses: 23.16 million kWh (2019 est.)

Comparison rankings: imports 162; exports 149; installed generating capacity 180; transmission/distribution losses 32; consumption 177

Electricity generation sources

Fossil fuels: 58.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

Nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

Solar: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

Wind: 15.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

Hydroelectricity: 26% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

Tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

Geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

Biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

Coal

Production: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)

Petroleum

Total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est.)

Refined petroleum consumption: 5,500 bbl/day (2019 est.)

Crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.)

Crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.)

Crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

4,555 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Natural gas

Production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

Consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

Exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

Imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

Proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions

870,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

From coal and metallurgical coke: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

From petroleum and other liquids: 870,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

From consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

0 Btu/person (2019 est.)

Communications

Telephones - fixed lines

Total subscriptions: 15,000 (2021 est.)

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 29 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Total subscriptions: 59,000 (2021 est.)

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 112 (2021 est.)

Telecommunication systems

General assessment: the Faroe Islands have a highly developed communication network, which covers the whole country; from telecommunication and mobile phones to the internet and media, the Faroe Islands are at the forefront of modern communications technology; working within the special geographic circumstances of the Faroe Islands; companies have become world experts in providing digital communication solutions to remote and sparsely populated areas (2022)

Domestic: 29 per 100 teledensity for fixed-line and nearly 110 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2021)

International: country code - 298; landing points for the SHEFA-2, FARICE-1, and CANTAT-3 fiber-optic submarine cables from the Faroe Islands, to Denmark, Germany, UK and Iceland; satellite earth stations - 1 Orion; (2019)

Broadcast media

1 publicly owned TV station; the Faroese telecommunications company distributes local and international channels through its digital terrestrial network; publicly owned radio station supplemented by 3 privately owned stations broadcasting over multiple frequencies

Internet country code

.fo

Internet users

Total: 51,728 (2021 est.)

Percent of population: 97.6% (2021 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Total: 18,443 (2020 est.)

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 38 (2020 est.)

Transportation

National air transport system

Number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020) (registered in Denmark)

Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 3 (registered in Denmark)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

OY-H

Airports

1 (2024)

Heliports

12 (2024)

Roadways

Total: 960 km

Paved: 500 km

Unpaved: 460 km (2017)

Note: those islands not connected by roads (bridges or tunnels) are connected by seven different ferry links operated by the nationally owned company SSL; 28 km of tunnels

Merchant marine

Total: 91 (2023)

By type: container ships 6, general cargo 45, other 40

Ports

Total ports: 9 (2024)

Large: 0

Medium: 0

Small: 0

Very small: 9

Ports with oil terminals: 5

Key ports: Fuglafjordur, Klaksvik, Kongshavn, Runavik, Sorvagur, Torshavn, Tvoroyri, Vagur, Vestmanna

Military and Security

Military and security forces

No regular military forces or conscription

Military - note

The Government of Denmark has responsibility for defense; as such, the Danish military’s Joint Arctic Command in Nuuk, Greenland is responsible for coordinating the defense of the Faroe Islands; the Joint Arctic Command has a contact element in the capital of Torshavn