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INET(3)                                                                 Linux Programmer's Manual                                                                INET(3)

NAME
       inet_aton, inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, inet_netof - Internet address manipulation routines

SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/socket.h>
       #include <netinet/in.h>
       #include <arpa/inet.h>

       int inet_aton(const char *cp, struct in_addr *inp);

       in_addr_t inet_addr(const char *cp);
       in_addr_t inet_network(const char *cp);

       char *inet_ntoa(struct in_addr in);

       struct in_addr inet_makeaddr(in_addr_t net, in_addr_t host);

       in_addr_t inet_lnaof(struct in_addr in);
       in_addr_t inet_netof(struct in_addr in);

   Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):

       inet_aton(), inet_ntoa():
           Since glibc 2.19:
               _DEFAULT_SOURCE
           In glibc up to and including 2.19:
               _BSD_SOURCE || _BSD_SOURCE

DESCRIPTION
       inet_aton() converts the Internet host address cp from the IPv4 numbers-and-dots notation into binary form (in network byte order) and stores it in the structure
       that inp points to.  inet_aton() returns nonzero if the address is valid, zero if not.  The address supplied in cp can have one of the following forms:

       a.b.c.d   Each of the four numeric parts specifies a byte of the address; the bytes are assigned in left-to-right order to produce the binary address.

       a.b.c     Parts a and b specify the first two bytes of the binary address.  Part c is interpreted as a 16-bit value that defines the rightmost two bytes  of  the
                 binary address.  This notation is suitable for specifying (outmoded) Class B network addresses.

       a.b       Part  a  specifies  the first byte of the binary address.  Part b is interpreted as a 24-bit value that defines the rightmost three bytes of the binary
                 address.  This notation is suitable for specifying (outmoded) Class A network addresses.

       a         The value a is interpreted as a 32-bit value that is stored directly into the binary address without any byte rearrangement.

       In all of the above forms, components of the dotted address can be specified in decimal, octal (with a leading 0), or hexadecimal, with a leading 0X).  Addresses
       in any of these forms are collectively termed IPV4 numbers-and-dots notation.  The form that uses exactly four decimal numbers is referred to as IPv4 dotted-dec‐
       imal notation (or sometimes: IPv4 dotted-quad notation).

       inet_aton() returns 1 if the supplied string was successfully interpreted, or 0 if the string is invalid (errno is not set on error).

       The inet_addr() function converts the Internet host address cp from IPv4 numbers-and-dots notation into binary data in network byte order.  If the input  is  in‐
       valid,  INADDR_NONE  (usually  -1)  is returned.  Use of this function is problematic because -1 is a valid address (255.255.255.255).  Avoid its use in favor of
       inet_aton(), inet_pton(3), or getaddrinfo(3), which provide a cleaner way to indicate error return.

       The inet_network() function converts cp, a string in IPv4 numbers-and-dots notation, into a number in host byte order suitable for use as an Internet network ad‐
       dress.  On success, the converted address is returned.  If the input is invalid, -1 is returned.

       The inet_ntoa() function converts the Internet host address in, given in network byte order, to a string in IPv4 dotted-decimal notation.  The string is returned
       in a statically allocated buffer, which subsequent calls will overwrite.

       The inet_lnaof() function returns the local network address part of the Internet address in.  The returned value is in host byte order.

       The inet_netof() function returns the network number part of the Internet address in.  The returned value is in host byte order.

       The inet_makeaddr() function is the converse of inet_netof() and inet_lnaof().  It returns an Internet host address in network byte order, created  by  combining
       the network number net with the local address host, both in host byte order.

       The structure in_addr as used in inet_ntoa(), inet_makeaddr(), inet_lnaof(), and inet_netof() is defined in <netinet/in.h> as:

           typedef uint32_t in_addr_t;

           struct in_addr {
               in_addr_t s_addr;
           };

ATTRIBUTES
       For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).

       β”Œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”¬β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”¬β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”
       β”‚Interface                                                                                                                      β”‚ Attribute     β”‚ Value          β”‚
       β”œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”Όβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”Όβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€
       β”‚inet_aton(), inet_addr(), inet_network(), inet_ntoa()                                                                          β”‚ Thread safety β”‚ MT-Safe locale β”‚
       β”œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”Όβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”Όβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€
       β”‚inet_makeaddr(), inet_lnaof(), inet_netof()                                                                                    β”‚ Thread safety β”‚ MT-Safe        β”‚
       β””β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”΄β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”΄β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”˜

CONFORMING TO
       inet_addr(), inet_ntoa(): POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, 4.3BSD.

       inet_aton() is not specified in POSIX.1, but is available on most systems.

NOTES
       On  x86 architectures, the host byte order is Least Significant Byte first (little endian), whereas the network byte order, as used on the Internet, is Most Sig‐
       nificant Byte first (big endian).

       inet_lnaof(), inet_netof(), and inet_makeaddr() are legacy functions that assume they are dealing with classful network addresses.  Classful  networking  divides
       IPv4 network addresses into host and network components at byte boundaries, as follows:

       Class A   This  address  type is indicated by the value 0 in the most significant bit of the (network byte ordered) address.  The network address is contained in
                 the most significant byte, and the host address occupies the remaining three bytes.

       Class B   This address type is indicated by the binary value 10 in the most significant two bits of the address.  The network address is  contained  in  the  two
                 most significant bytes, and the host address occupies the remaining two bytes.

       Class C   This  address  type  is  indicated  by the binary value 110 in the most significant three bits of the address.  The network address is contained in the
                 three most significant bytes, and the host address occupies the remaining byte.

       Classful network addresses are now obsolete, having been superseded by Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR), which divides addresses into network and host  com‐
       ponents at arbitrary bit (rather than byte) boundaries.

EXAMPLES
       An example of the use of inet_aton() and inet_ntoa() is shown below.  Here are some example runs:

           $ ./a.out 226.000.000.037      # Last byte is in octal
           226.0.0.31
           $ ./a.out 0x7f.1               # First byte is in hex
           127.0.0.1

   Program source

       #define _BSD_SOURCE
       #include <arpa/inet.h>
       #include <stdio.h>
       #include <stdlib.h>

       int
       main(int argc, char *argv[])
       {
           struct in_addr addr;

           if (argc != 2) {
               fprintf(stderr, "%s <dotted-address>\n", argv[0]);
               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
           }

           if (inet_aton(argv[1], &addr) == 0) {
               fprintf(stderr, "Invalid address\n");
               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
           }

           printf("%s\n", inet_ntoa(addr));
           exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
       }

SEE ALSO
       byteorder(3), getaddrinfo(3), gethostbyname(3), getnameinfo(3), getnetent(3), inet_net_pton(3), inet_ntop(3), inet_pton(3), hosts(5), networks(5)

GNU                                                                            2021-03-22                                                                        INET(3)