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Keywords: POP-URL, post office protocol, uniform resource locator, identifier, string, encapsulation
Network Working Group R. Gellens
Request for Comments: 2384 QUALCOMM, Incorporated
Category: Standards Track August 1998
POP URL Scheme
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
1. Introduction
[POP3] is a widely-deployed mail access protocol. Many programs
access POP3 message stores, and thus need POP3 configuration
information. Since there are multiple configuration elements which
are required in order to access a mailbox, a single string
representation is convenient.
A POP3 mailbox (like an [IMAP4] mailbox) is a network resource, and
URLs are a widely-supported generalized representation of network
resources.
A means of specifying a POP3 mailbox as a URL will likely be useful
in many programs and protocols. [ACAP] is one case where a string
encapsulation of elements required to access network services is
needed. For example, an [IMAP4] message store is usually specified
in ACAP datasets as an [IMAP-URL].
This memo defines a URL scheme for referencing a POP mailbox.
2. Conventions Used in this Document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", and "MAY"
in this document are to be interpreted as defined in "Key words for
use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels" [KEYWORDS].
Gellens Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 2384 POP URL Scheme August 1998
3. POP Scheme
The POP URL scheme designates a POP server, and optionally a port
number, authentication mechanism, authentication ID, and/or
authorization ID.
The POP URL follows the common Internet scheme syntax as defined in
RFC 1738 [BASIC-URL] except that clear text passwords are not
permitted. If :<port> is omitted, the port defaults to 110.
The POP URL is described using [ABNF] in Section 8.
A POP URL is of the general form:
pop://<user>;auth=<auth>@<host>:<port>
Where <user>, <host>, and <port> are as defined in RFC 1738, and some
or all of the elements, except "pop://" and <host>, may be omitted.
4. POP User Name and Authentication Mechanism
An authorization (which mailbox to access) and authentication (whose
password to check against) identity (referred to as "user name" for
simplicity) and/or authentication mechanism name may be supplied.
These are used in a "USER", "APOP", "AUTH" [POP-AUTH], or extension
command after making the connection to the POP server. If the URL
doesn't supply an authentication identifier, the program interpreting
the POP URL SHOULD request one from the user.
An authentication mechanism can be expressed by adding ";AUTH=<enc-
auth-type>" to the end of the user name. If the authentication
mechanism name is not preceded by a "+", it is a SASL POP [SASL]
mechanism. If it is preceded by a "+", it is either "APOP" or an
extension mechanism.
When an <enc-auth-type> is specified, the client SHOULD request
appropriate credentials from that mechanism and use the "AUTH",
"APOP", or extension command instead of the "USER" command. If no
user name is specified, one SHOULD be obtained from the mechanism or
requested from the user as appropriate.
The string ";AUTH=*" indicates that the client SHOULD select an
appropriate authentication mechanism. It MAY use any mechanism
supported by the POP server.
If an <enc-auth-type> other than ";AUTH=*" is specified, the client
SHOULD NOT use a different mechanism without explicit user
permission.
Gellens Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC 2384 POP URL Scheme August 1998
If a user name is included with no authentication mechanism, then
";AUTH=*" is assumed.
Since URLs can easily come from untrusted sources, care must be taken
when resolving a URL which requires or requests any sort of
authentication. If authentication credentials are supplied to the
wrong server, it may compromise the security of the user's account.
The program resolving the URL should make sure it meets at least one
of the following criteria in this case:
(1) The URL comes from a trusted source, such as a referral server
which the client has validated and trusts according to site policy.
Note that user entry of the URL may or may not count as a trusted
source, depending on the experience level of the user and site
policy.
(2) Explicit local site policy permits the client to connect to the
server in the URL. For example, if the client knows the site domain
name, site policy may dictate that any hostname ending in that domain
is trusted.
(3) The user confirms that connecting to that domain name with the
specified credentials and/or mechanism is permitted.
(4) A mechanism is used which validates the server before passing
potentially compromising client credentials.
(5) An authentication mechanism is used which will not reveal
information to the server which could be used to compromise future
connections.
A URL containing ";AUTH=*" should be treated with extra care since it
might fall back on a weaker security mechanism. Finally, clients are
discouraged from using a plain text password as a fallback with
";AUTH=*" unless the connection has strong encryption (e.g., a key
length of greater than 56 bits).
Note that if unsafe or reserved characters such as " " or ";" are
present in the user name or authentication mechanism, they MUST be
encoded as described in RFC 1738 [BASIC-URL].
5. Relative POP URLs
Relative POP URLs are not permitted.
Gellens Standards Track [Page 3]
RFC 2384 POP URL Scheme August 1998
6. Multinational Considerations
Since 8-bit characters are not permitted in URLs, [UTF8] characters
are encoded as required by the URL specification [BASIC-URL].
7. Examples
The following examples demonstrate how a POP client program might
translate various POP URLs into a series of POP commands. Commands
sent from the client to the server are prefixed with "C:", and
responses sent from the server to the client are prefixed with "S:".
The URL:
<pop://rg@mailsrv.qualcomm.com>
Results in the following client commands:
<request password from user>
<connect to mailsrv.qualcomm.com, port 110>
S: +OK POP3 server ready <1896.697170952@mailsrv.qualcomm.com>
C: USER rg
S: +OK
C: PASS secret
S: +OK rg's mailbox has 2 messages (320 octets)
The URL:
<pop://rg;AUTH=+APOP@mail.eudora.com:8110>
Results in the following client commands:
<client requests password from user>
<connect to mail.eudora.com, port 8110>
S: +OK POP3 server ready <1896.697170952@mail.eudora.com>
C: APOP rg c4c9334bac560ecc979e58001b3e22fb
S: +OK mailbox has 1 message (369 octets)
The URL:
<pop://baz;AUTH=SCRAM-MD5@foo.bar>
Results in the following client commands:
<connect to foo.bar, port 110>
S: +OK POP3 server ready <1896.697170952@foo.bar>
C: AUTH SCRAM-MD5 AGNocmlzADx0NG40UGFiOUhCMEFtL1FMWEI3MmVnQGVsZW
Gellens Standards Track [Page 4]
RFC 2384 POP URL Scheme August 1998
Fub3IuaW5ub3NvZnQuY29tPg==
S: + dGVzdHNhbHQBAAAAaW1hcEBlbGVhbm9yLmlubm9zb2Z0LmNvbQBq
aGNOWmxSdVBiemlGcCt2TFYrTkN3
C: AQAAAMg9jU8CeB4KOfk7sUhSQPs=
S: + U0odqYw3B7XIIW0oSz65OQ==
C:
S: +OK mailbox has 1 message (369 octets)
8. ABNF for POP URL scheme
The POP URL scheme is described using [ABNF]:
achar = uchar / "&" / "=" / "~"
; see [BASIC-URL] for "uchar" definition
auth = ";AUTH=" ( "*" / enc-auth-type )
enc-auth-type = enc-sasl / enc-ext
enc-ext = "+" ("APOP" / 1*achar)
;APOP or encoded extension mechanism name
enc-sasl = 1*achar
;encoded version of [SASL] "auth_type"
enc-user = 1*achar
;encoded version of [POP3] mailbox
pop-url = "pop://" server
server = [user-auth "@"] hostport
;See [BASIC-URL] for "hostport" definition
user-auth = enc-user [auth]
9. Security Considerations
Security considerations discussed in the [POP3] specification and the
[BASIC-URL] specification are relevant. Security considerations
related to authenticated URLs are discussed in section 4 of this
document.
Many email clients store the plain text password for later use after
logging into a POP server. Such clients MUST NOT use a stored
password in response to a POP URL without explicit permission from
the user to supply that password to the specified host name.
Gellens Standards Track [Page 5]
RFC 2384 POP URL Scheme August 1998
10. Acknowledgements
This document borrows heavily from Chris Newman's [IMAP-URL]
specification, and has attempted to follow the advice in [URL-
GUIDELINES].
11. References
[ABNF] Crocker, D., and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for
Syntax Specifications: ABNF", RFC 2234, November
1997.
[ACAP] Newman, C., and J. Myers, "ACAP -- Application
Configuration Access Protocol", RFC 2244, November
1997.
[BASIC-URL] Berners-Lee, T., Masinter, L., and M. McCahill,
"Uniform Resource Locators (URL)", RFC 1738,
December 1994.
[IMAP-URL] Newman, C., "IMAP URL Scheme", RFC 2192, September
1997.
[IMAP4] Crispin, M., "Internet Message Access Protocol -
Version 4rev1", RFC 2060, December 1996.
[KEYWORDS] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[POP-AUTH] Myers, J., "POP3 AUTHentication command", RFC 1734,
December 1994.
[POP3] Myers, J., and M. Rose, "Post Office Protocol --
Version 3", STD 53, RFC 1939, May 1996.
[SASL] Myers, J., "Simple Authentication and Security Layer
(SASL)", RFC 2222, October 1997.
[URL-GUIDELINES] Masinter, Alvestrand, Zigmond, "Guidelines for new
URL Schemes", Work in Progress.
[UTF8] Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.
Gellens Standards Track [Page 6]
RFC 2384 POP URL Scheme August 1998
12. Author's Address
Randall Gellens
QUALCOMM, Incorporated
6455 Lusk Blvd.
San Diego, CA 92121-2779
U.S.A.
Phone: +1 619 651 5115
Fax: +1 619 651 5334
EMail: Randy@Qualcomm.Com
Gellens Standards Track [Page 7]
RFC 2384 POP URL Scheme August 1998
13. Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
English.
The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Gellens Standards Track [Page 8]