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Network Working Group P. Karp
Request for Comments: XXXX MITRE
NIC: 5761 26 February 1971
Categorization and Guide to NWG/RFCs
The NWG/RFC Guide is an attempt to introduce some order into the
NWG/RFC series, which now numbers 102. The Guide categorizes the
NWG/RFC notes, identifies topics under discussion and the relevant
NWG/RFCs, and indicates whether the notes are current, obsolete, or
superseded.
A minimum subset of NWG/RFCs is identified. This subset consists of
the NWG/RFCs that one should read to quickly become familiar with the
current status of topics.
For historical reasons and for readers interested in tracing through
the stages of development of a topic, a brief summary is given for
each NWG/RFC relevant to a particular category.
This initial Guide is being issued as a NWG/RFC since it establishes
the basis for future releases. So, please comment! Suggestions,
criticism, corrections, etc., will be accepted for a period of
approximately two weeks. Be critical as I have not had to implement
an NCP and probably have some misconceptions regarding various
technical points. An official version will be released on March 26.
The Guide will then be a unique series of documents, separate from
NWG/RFCs (as is the Document No. 1, No. 2 series).
With regard to renumbering NWG/RFCs, I am inclined to keep she
sequential numbering scheme presently employed. The main reason for
this position is that the current numbers have both historical and
semantic significance. For example, reference to "#33, #66, #83,
etc." is a convenient shorthand (reminiscent of the old corny joke
about joke #s) used extensively during meetings. The list of
"current status" NWG/RFC numbers should dispel any fear of
maintaining stacks of NWG/RFCs for quick reference. The subject is
not closed, however, and I will entertain any objections,
suggestions, etc.
GUIDE TO NETWORK WORKING GROUP/REQUEST FOR COMMENTS
The NWG/RFC notes are partitioned into 9 categories, which in turn
are divided into subcategories. For each category the official
document (if any), unresolved issues, and documents to be published
are identified.
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For each subcategory, relevant NWG/RFCs are listed and a brief
description of the topics addressed in each note is given.
The categories are again listed and the current NWG/RFCs identified
(p. 23). The NWG/RFCs in the list comprise the subset defining
"current status". Note that most of the documentation in the subset
addresses topics in Category D - Subsystem Level Protocol, where at
the present time most issues are unresolved.
Finally, the NWG/RFCs are listed by number, with a reference to the
relevant categories (p. 26).
A. ADMINISTRATIVE
A.1 Distribution list
NWG/RFC #s: 3, 10, 16, 24, 27, 30, 37, 52, 69, 95
The distribution list contains names, addresses, and phone numbers
for recipients of NWG/RFCs. The most recent list, NWG/RFC 95,
designates the Technical Liaison as the recipient for each site and
supersedes all other RFCs in this category.
A.2 Meeting announcements
NWG/RFC #s: 35, 43, 45, 54, 75, 85, 87, 99
General network working group meetings are held approximately every
three months. Special subcommittee meetings are held on an ad hoc
basis. All related NWG/RFCs are obsolete except 87, announcing a
graphics meeting to be held at MIT in April and 99, announcing a
general NWG meeting, Atlantic City, May 16-20.
A.3 Meeting minutes
NWG/RFC #s: 21, 37, 63, 77, 82
The meeting minutes present highlights of issues discussed at general
NWG meetings and report definite decisions that are made.
To be published: A NWG/RFC will be published by Dick Watson, SRI,
reporting on the NWG meeting held at the University of Illinois,
February 17-19.
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A.4 Guide to NWG/RFCs
NWG/RFC #s: 84, 100
The NWG/RFC Guide categorizes the NWG/RFC notes, identifies topics
under discussion, the relevant NWG/RFCs, and denotes whether the
notes are current, obsolete, or superseded. Included in this
category are lists of NWG/RFCs, ordered by number (as in 84) and/or
by author.
A.5 Policies
NWG/RFC #s: 18, 24, 25, 27, 30, 37, 41, 48, 53, 54, 72, 73, 77, 82,
102
NWG/RFCs categorized as policy contain official stands on issues
i.e., the position taken by S. Crocker, NWG Chairman. The issues
covered are varied.
In particular:
77 and 82 discuss meeting policy.
72, 73, 77, and 82 discuss the decision to delay making changes to
the Host/Host protocol in order to first gain experience with the
network. A committee to propose specific changes has been formed.
37 discusses changes to the Host/Host protocol and the schedule for
introducing modifications.
53 sets forth the mechanism for establishing and modifying the
official Host/Host protocol.
54 presents the initial official protocol.
48 presents some suggestions for policy on some outstanding issues.
41 requests the tagging of IMP-IMP teletype messages.
Documentation conventions for NWG/RFCs are given in 24, 27, and 30.
25 and 18 designate uses for particular link numbers. 25 has been
superseded by 37 and 48. 18 is obsolete.
102 discusses the issuing of Document #2, in lieu of the official
modification procedure outlined in 53.
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B. HOST/IMP PROTOCOL (LEVEL 1)
Official document: BBN Memo No. 1822 (latest revision - February
1971)
Unresolved issues: Location of first byte of data in a message.
To be published: Document No. 2 will be written by S. Crocker and
will, among other things, resolve the first byte location issue.
B.1 General Topics
NWG/RFC #s: 17, 17a, 19, 21, 33, 36, 37, 38, 46, 47, 102
In particular:
17 raised several questions regarding HOST/IMP protocol. In 17a,BBN
responds to the questions.
19 proposes that the hosts control the ordering of IMP/Host traffic
rather than getting messages delivered in the order received by the
IMP. This proposal is counter to BBN's position, specifically
expressed in 47; that is, buffering is a Host rather than an IMP
function. The purpose of buffering in the IMP is to handle surges of
traffic, thus IMP buffers should be empty. NWG/RFC 19 is obsolete.
21 discusses changes to BBN Memo No. 1822. The remarks are obsolete.
33 contains a general description of the interface between a host and
the IMP. NWG/RFC 47 comments on NWG/RFC 33.
The use of RFNMs (type 10 and type 5 messages) to control flow is
discussed in NWG/RFCs 36, 37 and 46. The official position in "cease
on link" (i.e., discontinue the mechanism) is presented in 102 and
renders obsolete the remarks in 36, 37, and 46.
38 discusses the changes to message format that would be necessary if
multiplexing connections over links was allowed.
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B.2 Marking/Padding
NWG/RFC #s: 44, 48, 49, 50, 54, 64, 65, 67, 70, 102
In particular:
102 presents the decision of the Host/Host protocol committee to
abandon the marking convention and to ignore padding. The issue of
whether to have the first data byte begin after 72 bits of header or
to use double physical transmission (NWG/RFC #s 65, 67) is discussed.
The former official position is expressed in 54: "All regular
messages consist of a 32 bit leader, marking, text, and padding.
Marking is a (possibly null) sequence of zeros followed by a 1;
padding is a 1 followed by a (possibly null) sequence of zeros."
Several proposals to eliminate marking have been made. 64 suggests a
hardware modification to eliminate marking/padding by adding
appropriate counters to Host/IMP interfaces. 65 suggests breaking
regular messages into two messages. 67 supports 65. 72 and 73 suggest
that such changes be postponed until sufficient experience with the
network is gained.
44 introduces the notion of double padding and presents two
alternative approaches when a message does not end on a Host word
boundary:
a) The host provides padding in addition to the IMPS ("double
padding")
b) The host shifts messages to end on a word boundary.
48 explains double padding in more detail and discusses the pros and
cons. A suggestion is made to use marking to adjust the word
baundary (alternative b). NWG/RFCs 49 and 50 are concurrences with
48.
70 presents a method to handle the stripping of padding from a
message.
All NWG/RFCs in this category have been superseded by 102.
C. HOST/HOST PROTOCOL (LEVEL 2)
Host/Host protocol specifies the procedures by which connections for
inter-Host interprocess communication over the network are
established, maintained, and terminated. The software which
implements the protocol within each Host is called the Network
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Control Program (NCP). The topics included in this category are
connection establishment and termination, flow control, interrupt
handling, error control and status testing, dynamic reconnection, and
the relationship between connections and links.
Official documents: Document No. 1 by S. Crocker, 3 August 1970, with
modifications presented in NWG/RFC 102.
Unresolved issues: Length of control messages
Location in message of first byte of data
Flow control algorithm
Socket identification format
To be published: Document No. 2 will be written by S. Crocker and
will resolve the first three issues. A NWG/RFC will be written by J.
Heafner, in collaboration with E. Meyer and G. Grossman. presenting
the pros and cons on alternative proposals for socket number
identification.
C.1 Host/Host Protocol Proposals
NWG/RFC #s: 9, 11, 22, 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 44, 46, 48, 49, 50,
54, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 65, 68, 93, 102
The official Host/Host protocol presented in Document No. 1 is based
on the proposals, discussions, acceptance, and rejection of ideas in
the above list of NWG/RFCs, up to and including 59.
In particular:
9, 11, and 22 represent an early attempt at a Host/Host protocol. 11
supersedes 9 and 22 contains some modifications to control message
formats presented in 11. The protocol was not considered powerful
enough because it didn't provide for inter-host communication without
logging in. This protocol was thrown out as a result of a network
meeting in December 1969.
33 is the basis for the current protocol. It was presented at the
SJCC, 1970.
36 is a modification of 33. It discusses connection establishment
without switching, flow control, and introduces the idea of
reconnection. Control commands are summarized. 36 was distributed at
a Network meeting in March 1970.
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37 presents the reaction to 36 and presents ideas on reconnection
flow control and decoupling of links and connections. Provisions of
error detection, status testing, experimentation and expansions are
discussed.
38, 39, 40, 44, 49 and 50 are comments written in response to the
meeting. 46 is also a comment but in the form of a rewrite of 33. 46
introduces the notion of interrupts, INT, and ECO for status testing.
47 concerns the philosophy behind the notion of a link.
48 summarizes the issues discussed in the above NWG/RFCs.
54 is the initial official protocol submitted for criticism,
comments, etc. It introduces a new mechanism for flow control in
which the receiving host allocates buffer space and notifies the
sending host of the space available.
57 and 59 comment on 54.
Document No. 1 differs from NWG/RFC 54 as follows: commands GVB and
RET have been added for flow control and error condition codes have
been added to ERR. NWG/RFC 102 presents some modifications to
Document No. 1: fixed lengths are specified for ECO, ERP, and ERR; a
new pair of commands RST and RRP (suggested in 57) are added.
60, 61, and 62 propose new Host/Host protocols, quite different from
the current official protocol. 62 supersedes 61. 60 and 62 are worth
considering for possible implementation in future protocols.
Hopefully, more documents of a similar nature will be generated as
experience is gained with the current protocol.
NWG/RFCs 65 and 68 comment on Document No. 1.
93 points out an ambiguity in Document No. 1 regarding the
requirement of a message data type in the message sent from server
socket 1. The ambiguity is resolved by 102 which eliminates message
data type from level 2 protocol.
C.2 NCPs (Description, Structure, Techniques)
NWG/RFC #s: 9, 11, 22, 23, 33, 36, 44, 46, 48, 55, 70, 71, 74, 89
This category includes RFCs which give details of system calls, table
structures, implementation techniques, etc.
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In particular:
NWG/RFCs 9, 11, and 22 are obsolete
23 is a general statement on sending or receiving multiple control
messages in a single communication.
33 discusses the system calls used for interaction between the NCP
and a user process.
36 describes a possible implementation giving table structures and
their interrelationships.
44 lists the system calls that SDC feels should operate, includes
spec. of calls to NCP.
NWG/RFC 48 presents Postel's and Crocker's view on the environment in
which a host time-sharing system operates, suggests some system
calls, and presents a design to illustrate the components of an NCP.
55 presents a prototypical NCP which implements the initial official
protocol specified in 54. It is offered as an illustrative example.
70 gives some techniques for stripping the padding from a message.
71 presents the method employed by the CCN-Host at UCLA to
resynchronize flow control when an input error occurs.
74 documents the implementation of sections of the NCP at UCSB.
89 gives a brief description of the "interim interim NCP" (IINCP) on
the MIT Dynamic Modeling PDP-6/10 used to run some experiments.
C.3 Connection Establishment and Termination
NWG/RFC #s: 33, 36, 39, 44, 49, 50, 54, 60, 62
The NWG/RFCs in this category present the system calls and control
commands used to establish and terminate connections, i.e., the
handshaking that must transpire before connections are established or
terminated.
In particular:
36 presents a rough scenario of connection establishment which
differs from that specified in 33 in that establishment does not
include procedures for switching procedures.
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39 suggests the addition of a command TER to supplement CLS.
44 discusses the use of the CLS command and suggests that two
commands BLS and CLS be adopted.
46, 46, and 50 all discuss queuing of RFCs.
54 presents the initial official method for establishing and
terminating connections.
60 and 62 present schemes different from the official protocol.
C.4 Flow Control
NWG/RFC #s: 19, 33, 36, 37, 46, 47, 54, 59, 60, 65, 68, 102
The NWG/RFCs in this category address the problem of controlling the
flow of messages from the sending socket to the receive socket. The
official position is stated in Document No. 1 with an unresolved
issue pending as described in NWG/RFC 102.
In particular:
19 suggests that Hosts may want the capability of agreeing to lock
programs into core for more efficient core-to-core transfers. This
may require different handling of RFNMs.
33 describes the use of RFNM (type 10 rather than 5) on a link to
control flow. A control command RSM (resume) is defined to allow the
host to signal for resumption of message flow. 46 describes the same
technique.
37 describes the effect some proposed changes (for reconnect and
decoupling of connections and links) would have on RFNMs and "cease
on link."
46 (MIT's rewrite of protocol) introduces BLK and RSM commands as an
alternative to "cease on link", SPD and RSM commands.
47 presents BBN's position that buffering be handled by the Host, not
the IMP.
54 introduces a new flow control mechanism in which the receiving
host is required to allocate buffer space for each connection and not
notify the sending host of bit sizes. A new command, ALL to allocate
space is sent from the receiving host to the sending host. With this
new mechanism, 33, 37, 46, and 47 become obsolete.
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59 presents the objections of Project MAC and Lincoln Labs to the
flow control mechanism introduced in 54. Their preference is for
"cease on link" which allocates buffer space on demand.
60, which defines a simplified NCP protocol, presents a method of
flow control based on the requirement that connections are full
duplex.
65 comments on Document No. 1. With respect to flow control, it
disagrees with the allocation mechanism and the introduction of
irregular message to make the cease mechanism work.
68 proposes modifications to RFNM by defining three forms which would
insure control of data and would replace the memory allocation
mechanism.
102 eliminates the cease mechanism and introduces potential
modifications to the flow control mechanism. The latter will be
resolved and presented in Document No. 2.
C.5 Error Control and Status Testing
NWG/RFC #s: 2, 37, 39, 40, 46, 48, 54, 57, 102
This category addresses schemes for detecting and controlling errors
and for Host status reporting and testing.
In particular:
2 talks about error checking and gives an algorithm for implementing
a checksum. It also recommends that Hosts should have a mode in
which positive verification of all messages is required.
37 brings up the topics of error detection and status testing, which
are expanded by RAND in 39 and 40. 39 introduces control commands ERR
for error checking and QRY, HCU, and HGD for status testing. 40
expands on the discussion, suggests error codes, introduces RPY as a
response to QRY, and suggests that NOP could be used for reporting
Host status.
46 concurs with 40 on ERR and introduces ECO to test communication
between NCPs.
48 recommends that ERR, as presented in 40 and 46, be adopted, that a
distinction be made between resource errors and other error types,
that ECO, presented in 46, be of variable length, and that an ECO,
ERP command pair be adopted.
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54 officially specifies the control commands ERR, ECO, and ERP. The
official protocol doesn't include a specific list of error types nor
does it recommend the action to be taken. Suggestions for extensions
to error detection and recovery and Host/Host status testing are
encouraged.
57 presents a list of error types and suggests new commands OVF for
overflow errors and RST/RSR for host status testing.
102 sets fixed lengths for ERR, ECO, and ERP control commands. RST
and RSR are adopted.
C.6 Interrupt
NWG/RFC #s: 46, 48, 49, 50, 54, 102
The interrupt system call and the INT control commands are used to
interrupt a process. This is actually a third level issue. The
NWG/RFCs leading up to the decision to include INR and INS in the
official protocol are summarized below.
In particular:
46 introduces the INT command as a method for interrupting a process.
48 recommends adoption of INT with the restriction that the feature
should not be used during communication with systems which scan for
interrupts and that INT should not be used on non-console type
connections (see D.2).
49 expands on the explanation of INT. 50 concurs with proposal 46,
that INT is useful.
54 induces INT, INS control commands in the official protocol as an
escape mechanism, where interpretation is a local matter.
102 discusses synchronization of interrupt signals, presents two
implementation schemes, and relegates the topic to third level
protocol. INS should be used to indicate a special code in the input
stream.
C.7 Dynamic Reconnection
NWG/RFC #s: 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 44, 46, 48, 49, 50
The notion of dynamic reconnection was introduced early in the
Host/Host protocol design. However, the consensus was that it
introduced complexities with which the initial NCP implementations
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did not want to cope. The need for dynamic reconnection was
questioned; NWG/RFC 48 explains why it was included and considered
useful.
In particular:
33 introduces the concept of switching connections to the Logger. 36
presents a scheme for dynamic reconnection, i.e., reconnection can
take place after the flow is started.
37 presents two methods suggested by BBN for handling reconnection.
38 discusses changes to proposed END and RDY control commands that
would be necessary if connections were multiplexed over links.
39 states that dynamic reconnection is too complex.
44 presents two cases where reconnection could be used, suggests that
the cases be separated, and recommends implementation of only the
case of a simple connection switch within the same Host.
46 recommends that dynamic reconnection be reserved for further
Host/Host protocol implementations.
48 discusses the aesthetics of dynamic reconnection in detail but
concedes that it won't be included in the initial protocol. 49 and 50
concur with the decision.
C.8 Relation Between Connections and Links
NWG/RFC #s: 37, 38, 44, 48
A connection is an extension of a link. The NWG/RFCs in this
category discuss this relationship.
In particular:
37 presents the pros and cons on decoupling connections and links. 38
recommends that connections be multiplexed over links. Two cases
where this would be useful are presented. The effect on the proposed
protocol is discussed. Both 37 and 38 suggest the inclusion of the
destination socket as part of the text of the message and recommend
that messages should be send over any unblocked link.
44 suggests the use of link numbers in control commands (except RFSs)
due to the 1 to 1 correspondence between links and foreign socket
numbers.
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48 recommends leaving links and connections coupled.
C.9 Other
Other topics that fall into the category of Host/Host protocol are:
Marking/Padding: see B.2
Record/Message Boundaries: see D.5
Experimentation and Expansion. The assignment of links for
experimentation and expansion is discussed in NWG/RFC #s 37 and 48.
Instance Tag: The addition of an instance tag to the socket
identifier is introduced in 46, is supported by 49 and 50, and is not
recommended in 48. The matter is unresolved (see "To be published",
section C).
Broadcast Facility: A control command to implement a broadcast
facility as introduced in 39. It was not supported in 48.
D. SUBSYSTEM LEVEL PROTOCOL (LEVEL 3)
Official document: none
Unresolved issues: all
To be published: Three committees have been set up to address user
level issues, specifically: logger, console, and TELNET protocols
(D.1, D.2, D.3); data transformation (D.4); and, graphics protocol
(D.6). Status reports will be published prior to the next Network
meeting (May 1971). In addition, a companion paper to 98 discussing
console protocol has been promised by MIT MAC and G. Grossman (Ill.)
will issue an RFC proposing a file transmission protocol.
D.1 Logger Protocol
NWG/RFC #s: 33, 46, 48, 49, 50, 56, 66, 74, 77, 79, 82, 88, 91, 93,
97, 98
Logger Protocol specifies the procedures by which a user gets
connected to a remote Host. The logger is a process, always in
execution, which listens for login requests.
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In particular:
33 proposes that the logger listen to calls on socket #0. It then
switches to the assigned socket. The sequence of events is
illustrated.
46 proposes a User Control and Communication (UCC) module, which
implements logger protocol and permits the logger to interact with
the NCP. It proposes the use of two full-duplex pseudo-typewriter
connections.
48 proposes that sockets <U, H, 0> and <U, H, 1> designate either the
input and output sockets of a copy of the logger or the console
sockets.
49 is a write-up of a combination of the proposals presented in 46
and 48. 49 presents the disadvantages of the new proposal and reverts
back to supporting the UCC of 46.
50 indicates RAND support for the UCC presented in 46.
56 defines a send-logger and a receive-logger with a full-duplex
connection. The logger handles one request at a time; requests are
queued. The receiver logger is identified as user 0 on socket 0.
66 introduces a dial-up protocol (Initial Connection Protocol, ICP)
to get a process at one site in contact with the logger at another
site.
74 documents the logger implemented at UCSB.
77 and 82 report the discussion of logger protocol at the FJCC 1970
Network meeting. E. Harslem and E. Meyer agreed to write proposals.
79 discusses a conflict between Document No. 1 and NWG/RFC 66
regarding the use of ALL prior to connection establishment.
80 presents a variation of 66 that rectifies the conflict. 80 also
suggests that ICP should apply to more than just the logger i.e., let
user 0 signify the logger.
88 documents the logger implemented as part of NETRJS, which allows
access to RJS at UCLA's CCN. The ICP described in 66 and 80 is
adhered to. The logger is designated as user 0.
91 contains a description of the logger for the PDP-10 at Harvard.
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93 points out an ambiguity in the Host/Host protocol of Document No.
1 regarding the requirement of message data type for ICP. The
ambiguity is rectified by NG/RFC 102.
97 includes the ICP (as proposed in 80) used to establish connection
to NIC.
98 is the logger protocol proposal issued by E. Meyer.
D.2 Console Protocol
NWG/RFC #s: 20, 44, 46, 48, 49, 50, 56, 66, 74, 77, 82, 88, 91, 96,
97, 98
Console protocol will specify conventions for what goes out over the
network. Included are conventions for echoing, character set,
interrupt or break, end of line, message formats.
In particular:
20 suggests a standard of 7-bit ASCII in an 8-bit byte, with the high
order bit 0.
44 discusses three possibilities for echoing over the network
(echoing, no echoing, optional echoing) and states a preference for
no echoing. 44 also states a preference for establishing a network
common code where all code conversion is performed on outgoing text;
thus, all incoming text would be in the common code.
46 proposes the use of interrupt on the third level. An interrupt
means "quit" when sent from a requestor process to a created process.
The command level is entered.
48 and 49 relegate issues of echoing and code conversion to third
level protocol.
50 and 56 support adoption of ASCII for the network standard
character set. 56 also discusses two uses of break characters
(interrupt): in a panic situation and to exit from subsystem. Three
message formats (character by character, end by carriage return,
several command lines per message) are discussed. A recommendation
that echoing be handled locally is made.
66 specifies that the standard console use 7-bit ASCII in 8 bits with
the 8th bit on (note the conflict with 20). It also specifies the
use of INR for break or interrupt.
74 documents console protocol implemented by UCSB.
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77 and 82 report on console protocol topics (echoing, full vs half
duplex) discussed at the Network meeting, FJCC 1970.
88 documents conventions used by NETRJS for RJS at CCN, UCLA.
91 discusses code standards.
96 and 97 document conventions used for NIC at SRI ARC.
98 proposes specifications for general console communications and
addresses full vs half duplex, character escapes, and action
characters.
D.3 TELNET Protocol
NWG/RFC #s: 15, 33, 76, 80, 83, 91, 96, 97
TELNET is a subsystem permitting a teletype-like terminal at a remote
Host for function as a teletype at the serving Host. TELNET protocol
specifies user level interface to the network by way of network
system calls.
In particular:
15 introduces the TELNET concept and presents a sample dialogue
between Utah's PDP-10 and SRI's 940. System primitives are proposed.
33 describes TELNET and gives essentially the same example as in 15.
76 describes a terminal user control language for Illinois's PDP-11
ARPA Network Terminal System. The protocol defined permits the user
to utilize the network at a symbolic level.
80 and 83 introduce the concept of a Protocol Manager that can manage
protocol sequences between consoles and the network. The Form
Machine (see D.4) can be used for translations.
91 contains a proposal for a User/User protocol that has the ability
to function as TELNET.
96 describes a series of experiments to be conducted using the TELNET
subsystem at SRI ARC.
97 presents a detailed proposal for a standard TELNET protocol.
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D.4 NIL, DEL, and Form Machines
NWG/RFC #s: 5, 31, 42, 51, 63, 80, 83, 96
NIL, DEL, and Form Machines are proposals of similar methods for
adapting user programs and/or data to the network. A committee
chaired by J. Heafner has been formed to plan, implement, and
exercise a language for reconfiguring data streams.
In particular:
NIL (Network Interchange Language), described in 51, introduces the
concept of an abstract network machine which would permit a user to
consider the computer network as an overall computing facility. All
dialogue would take place between hosts and the network machine. NIL
permits the description of the environment and the description of the
Front End of an interactive system. Sublanguages for describing
control, operation, data declaration, and environment are used. With
NIL, the network machine can operate in standard mode as well as
user-defined extended mode. The network machine can act as a user of
a Host; conversely, a Host can be a user of a network machine. Each
Host will have a generator to generate a translator from the
descriptive sublanguage inputs.
DEL (Decode - Encode Language), described in 5, utilizes a front end
translator at the using site to translate the using site characters
to the server host character set. Return messages are subsequently
translated locally to the local standard. Immediate feedback in an
interactive mode is also handled locally. DEL can be used for the
operation of large display-oriented systems. Provisions are given
for representing a universal hardware. The syntax is included.
Two proposals for the Form Machine have been given. 80 introduces the
concept of the Form Machine, an experimental software package
operating on regular expressions that describe data formats. 83
presents a different approach: a syntax-driven interpreter which
operates on a grammar which is an _ordered_ set of replacement rules.
83 contains a description of the Form Machine with some examples of
replacement rules for particular data types. Application of the
Form-Machine to program protocols is also discussed.
31 proposes a message description language as a standard symbolic
method for defining and describing binary messages. In the future,
the descriptive language could be used as input to generators of data
translation programs.
42 proposes the use of message data types prior to the development of
network languages specifying the syntax and semantics of messages.
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Programs would extract the message data type and transform the data
accordingly. Both standard and local types would be handled (as in
RFC #51), probably using tables stored at one location such as NIC.
62 presents data typed codes.
96 includes a discussion on a Front End for NLS (T) and suggests that
further study be given to standard languages as presented in 51.
D.5 Record/Message Boundaries
NWG/RFC #s: 13, 49, 50, 58, 63, 77, 82, 91
Positions that no special structures should be imposed on data
transmission are presented in 49 and 91. 50 and 58 disagree. 58
claims that logical and physical message distinctions exist and that
logical messages must begin on a physical message boundary.
63 reports a decision from a meeting that records may begin anywhere
in a message. In a later meeting, 77 and 82, the issue was reopened.
Discussion included consideration of methods of indicating the end of
message and alternatives were given. Earlier RFCs had discussed
these alternatives: 13 proposes a 0 length message to specify EOF; 50
proposes use of a bit count preceding the transmission and discusses
solutions to the problem of dropping bits.
D.6 Network Graphics
NWG/RFC #s: 43, 77, 80, 82, 86, 87, 89, 94
Proposals specifying network graphics protocol are in the formative
stages.
In particular:
43 mentions LIL, in interpretable language at Lincoln Labs that can
handle interactive graphics.
77 and 82 discuss the formation of a working group to specify
procedures for using graphics over the network.
80 states that graphics oriented descriptions will added to the Form
Machine.
86 is a proposal for a network standard format for a data stream to
control graphics displays. 87 announces a network graphics meeting to
be hosted by MIT and suggests discussion topics. Both 86 and 87 are
attempts to stimulate some interest in the generation of graphics
protocol proposals.
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89 describes a Harvard-MIT graphics experiment using the network.
94 comments on 8 and presents an alternate proposal.
D.7 File Transmission
NWG/RFC #s: 13, 38, 77, 82, 91
The subject of file transmission over the network is at the informal
discussion stage. Nothing substantive has been published as NWG/RFCs
om this category.
In particular:
13 proposes using a 0 length message to specify EOF.
38 recommends routing multiple connections over the same link to
handle file transmissions over the network.
77 and 82 summarize comments on file transmission problems aired at
the Network meeting in Houston, Nov. 1970.
91 describes how PDP-10 file transmission could be handled over the
network.
E. MEASUREMENT ON NETWORK
Official document: none
Unresolved issues: Should NCPs be altered to keep measurement
statistics?
E.1 General
NWG/RFC #s: 77, 82
Both 77 and 82 report on the comments made at the Network meeting,
Houston 1970, regarding network measurements. UCLA and BBN are
officially responsible for gathering network statistics. Is it
reasonable to alter the NCP to keep statistics?
E.2 Clock
NWG/RFC #s: 28, 29, 32, 34
The NWG/RFCs in this category discuss requirements for a clock to
measure network delay.
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RFC 100 Categorization & Guide to NWG/RFC's 26 February 1971
In particular:
28 is concerned with the installation of a real-time clock at SRI ARC
and requests comments concerning network time standards for delay
measurement.
29 responds to 28, stating that a millisecond clock should be
sufficient.
32 discusses the desirability of adding a network clock for
measurement of user-oriented message delays. A one millisecond
resolution is a reasonable specification. The problems of clock
synchronization and long term accuracy are addressed.
34 describes the SRI ARC clock on the XDS 940.
F. NETWORK EXPERIENCE
NWG/RFC #s 78, 89
Reports on experience with the network are starting to be published.
As sites begin to get their NCPs up, more notes in this category
should be generated and are encouraged.
In particular:
78 describes NCP checkout between UCSB and RAND.
89 describes initial activity on the network between MIT MAC Dynamic
Modelling/Computer Graphics PDP-6/10 System and the Harvard PDP-10.
G. SITE DOCUMENTATION
Official document. None
Unresolved issues: Procedures for entering documentation at NIC.
To be published. Dick Watson, SRI ARC, will publish documentation
specifications and procedures.
G.1 General
NWG/RFC #s 77, 82
77 and 82 contain general comments on storing system documentation
on-line.
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G.2 NIC
NWG/RFC #s: 77, 82, 96, 97
77 and 82 contain summaries of Engelbart's discussion of NIC at the
Network meeting in Houston, November, 1970.
96 and 97 contain details of third level protocol implementation of
NLS (NIC).
G.3 UCSB
NWG/RFC #s: 74
74 presents specifications for network use of the UCSB On-Line System
(OLS).
G.4 CCN (UCLA)
NWG/RFC #s: 88, 90
88 describes the protocol implementation for RJE.
90 specifies the resources available at CCN, operating as a Network
Service Center.
G.5 University of Illinois
NWG/RFC #s: 76
76 describes the PDP-11 ARPA Network Terminal System implementation.
H. ACCOUNTING
To be published: B. Kahn, BBN, will generate an RFC discussing
important considerations for an accounting mechanism.
NWG.RFC #s: 77, 82
This topic will be addressed by the long-range Host/Host protocol
committee, set up at the Network meeting, University of Illinois,
February 1971.
77 and 82 discuss the need for some network accounting scheme,
primarily for sites classified as Service Centers rather than
Research Centers.
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RFC 100 Categorization & Guide to NWG/RFC's 26 February 1971
I. OTHER
The topics grouped in this catch-all category may in the future
constitute independent categories.
I.1 Hardware
NWG/RFC #s: 12, 64
12 contains diagrams that indicate the logical sequence of hardware
operations which occur within the IMP/Host interface.
64 proposes a hardware solution to getting rid of marking. 64 has
been superseded by 102.
I.2 Request for References
NWG/RFC #s: 81
81 requests references concerning communications.
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RFC 100 Categorization & Guide to NWG/RFC's 26 February 1971
Issues and Current NWG/RFCs
Subset reflecting current status:
NWG/RFC #s: 5, 12, 30-33, 41, 47, 48, 51, 53-56, 60, 62, 66, 74,
76-78, 80-83, 86-91, 94-100, 102
A. ADMINISTRATIVE
A.1 Distribution List
NWG/RFC #s: 95
A.2 Meeting Announcements
NWG/RFC #s: 87, 99
A.3 Meeting Minutes
NWG/RFC #s: 77, 82
A.4 Guide to NWG/RFCs
NWG/RFC #s: 100
A.5 Policies
NWG/RFC #s: 30, 41, 53, 77, 82, 102
B. HOST/IMP PROTOCOL
Official document: BBN Memo No. 1822
B.1 General
NWG/RFC #s: 33, 47, 102
B.2 Marking/Padding
NWG/RFC #s: 102
C. HOST/HOST PROTOCOL
Official document: Document No. 1, S. Crocker, 3 August 1970
C.1 Host/Host Protocol Proposals
NWG/RFC #s: 33, 48, 54, 60, 62, 102
C.2 NCPs (Description, Structure, Techniques)
NWG/RFC #s: 55, 74
C.3 Connection Establishment and Termination
NWG/RFC #s: 54
C.4 Flow Control
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NWG/RFC #s: 54 102
C.5 Error Control and Status Testing
NWG/RFC #s: 54, 102
C.6 Interrupt
NWG/RFC #s: 54, 102
C.7 Dynamic Reconnection
NWG/RFC #s: 47
C.8 Relation Between Connections and Links
NWG/RFC #s: 48
D. SUBSYSTEM LEVEL PROTOCOL
D.1 Logger Protocol
NWG/RFC #s: 56, 66, 80,98
D.2 Console Protocol
NWG/RFC #s: 66, 77, 82, 96, 97, 98
D.3 TELNET Protocol
NWG/RFC #s: 33, 96, 97
D.4 NIL, DEL, Form Machines
NWG/RFC #s: 5, 31, 51, 83
D.5 Record/Message Boundaries
NWG/RFC #s: 77, 82, 91
D.6 Network Graphics
NWG/RFC #s: 86, 87, 94
D.7 File Transmission
NWG/RFC #s: 77, 82, 91
E. MEASUREMENT ON NETWORK
E.1 General
NWG/RFC #s: 77, 82
E.2 Clock
NWG/RFC #s: 32
F. NETWORK EXPERIENCE
NWG/RFC #s: 78, 89
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G. SITE DOCUMENTATION
G.1 General
NWG/RFC #s: 77, 82
G.2 NIC
NWG/RFC #s: 77, 82, 96, 97
G.3 UCSB
NWG/RFC #s: 74
G.4 CCN (UCLA)
NWG/RFC #s: 88, 90
G.5 Illinois
NWG/RFC #s: 76
H. ACCOUNTING
NWG/RFC #s: 77, 82
I. OTHER
I.1 Hardware
NWG/RFC #s: 12
I.2 Request for References
NWG/RFC #s: 81
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RFC 100 Categorization & Guide to NWG/RFC's 26 February 1971
List of NWG/RFC #'s 1-102 With Cross-Reference to Categorized Topics
NWG/RFC 1: HOST Software
S. Crocker (UCLA) 7 April 1969
Obsolete
NWG/RFC 2: HOST Software
B. Duvall (SRI) 9 April 1969
C.5, otherwise obsolete
NWG/RFC 3: Documentation Conventions
S. Crocker (UCLA) 9 April 1969
A.1
NWG/RFC 4: Network Timetable
E. Shapiro (SRI) 24 March 1969
Obsolete
*NWG/RFC 5: DEL
J. Rulifson (SRI) 2 June 1969
D.4
NWG/RFC 6: Conversation with Bob Kahn
S. Crocker (UCLA) 10 April 1969
Obsolete
NWG/RFC 7: HOST/IMP Interface
G. Deloche (UCLA) 5 May 1969
Obsolete
NWG/RFC 8: ARPA Network Functional Specifications
G. Deloche (UCLA) 5 May 1969
Obsolete
*indicates inclusion in the subset of "current issues".
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RFC 100 Categorization & Guide to NWG/RFC's 26 February 1971
NWG/RFC 9: HOST Software
G. Deloche (UCLA) 1 May 1969
C.1 C.2
NWG/RFC 10: Documentation Conventions
S. Crocker 29 July 1969
A.1
NWG/RFC 11: Implementation of the HOST-HOST Software Procedures in
GORDO
G. Deloche (UCLA) 1 August 1969
C.1 C.2
*NWG/RFC 12: IMP/HOST Interface Flow Diagram
M. Wingfield (UCLA) 26 August 1969
I.1
NWG/RFC 13: Referring to NWG/RFC 11
V. Cerf (UCLA) 20 August 1969
D.5 D.7
NWG/RFC 14: (never issued)
NWG/RFC 15: Network Subsystem for Time-Sharing HOSTS
C. S. Carr (UTAH) 25 September 1969
D.3
NWG/RFC 16: MIT (address)
S. Crocker 27 August 1969
A.1
NWG/RFC 17 & Some Questions Re: HOST-IMP Protocol
17a
J. E. Kreznar (SDC) 27 August 1969
B.1
NWG/RFC 18: (use of links 1 and 2)
V. Cerf (UCLA) September 1969
A.5
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NWG/RFC 19: Two Protocol Suggestions to Reduce
Congestion at Swap-bound Nodes
J. E. Kreznar (SDC) 7 October 1969
B.1 C.4
NWG/RFC 20: ASCII Format for Network Interchange
V. Cerf (UCLA) 10 October 1969
D.2
NWG/RFC 21: (report of Network meeting)
V. Cerf (UCLA) 17 October 1969
A.3 B.1
NWG/RFC 22: HOST-HOST Control Message Formats
V. Cerf (UCLA) 17 October 1969
C.1 C.2
NWG/RFC 23: Transmission of Multiple Control Messages
G. Gregg (UCSB) 16 October 1969
C.2
NWG/RFC 24: Documentation Conventions
S. Crocker (UCLA) 21 November 1969
A.1 A.5
NWG/RFC 25: No High Link Numbers
S. Crocker (UCLA) 30 October 1969
A.5
NWG/RFC 26: (never issued)
NWG/RFC 27: Documentation Conventions
S. Crocker (UCLA) 6 December 1969
A.1 A.5
NWG/RFC 28: Time Standards
B. English (ARC) 13 January 1970
E.1
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RFC 100 Categorization & Guide to NWG/RFC's 26 February 1971
NWG/RFC 29: Note in Response to Bill English's
Request for Comments
R. Kahn (BBN) 19 January 1970
E.1
NWG/RFC 30: Documentation Conventions
S. Crocker (UCLA) 4 February 1970
A.1 A.5
*NWG/RFC 31: Binary Message Forms in Computer Networks
D. Borrow (BBN)
W.R. Sutherland (LINC) February 1968
D.4
*NWG/RFC 32: Connecting M.I.T. Computers to the ARPA
Computer-to-Computer Communication Network
D. Vedder (MAC) 31 January 1969
E.1
*NWG/RFC 33: New HOST-HOST Protocol
S. Crocker (UCLA) 12 February 1970
B.1 C.1 C.2 C.3 C.4 C.7 D.1 D.3
NWG/RFC 34: Some Brief Preliminary Notes on the ARC Clock
B. English (ARC) 26 February 1970
E.1
NWG/RFC 35: Network Meeting
S. Crocker (UCLA) 3 March 1970
A.2
NWG/RFC 36: Protocol Notes
S. Crocker (UCLA) 16 March 1970
B.1 C.1 C.2 C.3 C.4 C.7
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NWG/RFC 37: Network Meeting Epilogue, etc.
S. Crocker (UCLA) 20 March 1970
A.1 A.3 B.1 C.1 C.4 C.5 C.7 C.8 C.9
NWG/RFC 38: Comments on Network Protocol from NWG/RFC 36
S.M. Wolfe (UCLA) 20 March 1970
B.1 C.1 C.7 C.8 D.7
NWG/RFC 39: Comments on Protocol Re: NWG/RFC 36
E. Harslem (RAND)
J. Heafner (RAND) 25 March 1970
C.1 C.3 C.5 C.7 C.9
NWG/RFC 40: More Comments on the Forthcoming Protocol
E. Harslem (RAND)
J. Heafner (RAND) 27 March 1970
C.1 C.5
*NWG/RFC 41: IMP-IMP Teletype Communication
J. Melvin (ARC) 30 March 1970
A.5
NWG/RFC 42: Message Data Types
E. I. Ancona (LINC) 31 March 1970
D.4
NWG/RFC 43: Proposed Meeting
A. G. Nemeth (LINC) 8 April 1970
A.2 D.6
NWG/RFC 44: Comments on NWG/RFC 33 and 36
A. Shohani (SDC)
R. Long (SDC)
A. Kandsberg (SDC) 10 April 1970
B.2 C.1 C.2 C.3 C.7 C.8 D.2
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NWG/RFC 45: New Protocol is Coming
J. Postel (UCLA)
S. Crocker (UCLA) 14 April 1970
A.2
NWG/RFC 46: ARPA Network Protocol Notes
E. W. Meyer Jr. (MAC) 17 April 1970
B.1 C.1 C.2 C.3 C.4 C.5 C.6 C.7 D.1
*NWG/RFC 47: BBN's Comments on NWG/RFC 33
J. Postel (UCLA)
S. Crocker (UCLA) 20 April 1970
B.1 C.4
*NWG/RFC 48: A Possible Protocol Plateau
J. Postel (UCLA)
S. Crocker (UCLA) 21 April 1970
A.5 B.2 C.1 C.2 C.5 C.6 C.7 C.9 D.1 D.2
NWG/RFC 49: Conversations with Steve Crocker
E. W. Meyer Jr. (MAC) 25 April 1970
B.2 C.1 C.3 C.6 C.7 C.9 D.1 D.2 D.5
NWG/RFC 50: Comments on the Meyer Proposal
E. Harslem (RAND)
J. Heafner (RAND) 30 April 1970
B.2 C.1 C.3 C.6 C.7 C.9 D.1 D.2 D.5
*NWG/RFC 51: Proposal for a Network Interchange Language
M. Elie (UCLA) 4 May 1970
D.4
NWG/RFC 52: Updated Distribution List
S. Crocker, J. Postel 1 July 1970
A.1
*NWG/RFC 53: An Official Protocol Mechanism
S. Crocker (UCLA) 9 June 1970
A.5
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RFC 100 Categorization & Guide to NWG/RFC's 26 February 1971
*NWG/RFC 54: An Official Protocol Proffering
S. Crocker (UCLA) 18 June 1970
A.2 A.5 B.2 C.1 C.3 C.4 C.5 C.6
*NWG/RFC 55: A Prototypical Implementation of the NCP
J. Newkirk, et al (HARV) 19 June 1970
C.2
*NWG/RFC 56: Third Level Protocol
E. Belove, et al (HARV) 19 June 1970
D.1 D.2
NWG/RFC 57: Thoughts and Reflections on NWG/RFC 54
M. Kraley, J. Newkirk (HARV) 19 June 1970
C.1 C.5
NWG/RFC 58: Logical Message Synchronization
T. P. Skinner (MAC) 26 June 1970
D.5
NWG/RFC 59: Flow Control - Fixed Versus Demand Allocation
E. W. Meyer Jr. 27 June 1970
C.1 C.4
*NWG/RFC 60: A Simplified NCP Protocol
R. Kalin (LINC) 13 July 1970
C.1 C.3 C.4
NWG/RFC 61: A Note on Interprocess Communications in a Resource
Sharing Computer Network
D. Walden (BBN) 17 July 1970
superseded by 62
*NWG/RFC 62: A Note on Interprocess Communications in a Resource
Sharing Computer Network Sharing Computer Network
D. Walden (BBN) 3 August 1970
C.1 C.3
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NWG/RFC 63: Belated Network Meeting Report
V. Cerf (UCLA) 31 July 1970
A.3 D.4 D.5
NWG/RFC 64: Getting Rid of Marking
M. Elie (undated)
B.2 H.2
NWG/RFC 65: Comments on Host-Host Protocol Document No. 1
(by S. Crocker - 8/3/70)
D. Walden (BBN) 29 August 1970
B.2 C.1 C.4
*NWG/RFC 66: 3rd level Ideas and Other Noise
S. Crocker (UCLA) 26 August 1970
D.1 D.2
NWG/RFC 67: Proposed Changes to Host/IMP Spec to Eliminate Marking
W. Crowther (BBN) (undated)
B.2
NWG/RFC 68: Comments on Memory Allocation Control Commands
(CEASE, ALL, GVB, RET) and RFNM
M. Elie (UCLA) 31 August 1970
NWG/RFC 69: Distribution List Change for MIT
A. Bhushan (MAC) 22 September 1970
A.1
NWG/RFC 70: A Note on Padding
S. Crocker (UCLA) 15 October 1970
B.2 C.2
NWG/RFC 71: Reallocation in Case of Input Error
T. Schipper (UCLA) 25 September 1970
C.2
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NWG/RFC 72: Proposed Moratorium on Changes to Network Protocol
R.D. Bressler (MAC) 28 September 1970
A.5
NWG/RFC 73: Response to NWG/RFC 67
S. Crocker (UCLA) 25 September 1970
A.5
*NWG/RFC 74: Specification for Network Use of the UCSB On-Line
Systems
J. White 16 October 1970
D.1 D.2 G.3
NWG/RFC 75: Network Meeting
S. Crocker (UCLA) 14 October 1970
A.2
*NWG/RFC 76: Connection-By-Name: User-Oriented Protocol
J. Bouknight et al., (ILL) 28 October 1970
D.3 G.5
*NWG/RFC 77: Network Meeting Report
J. Postel (UCLA) 20 November 1970
A.3 A.5 D.1 D.2 D.5 D.6 D.7 E.1 G.1 G.2 H
*NWG/RFC 78: NCP Status Report: UCSB/RAND
E. Harslem et al., (RAND) (undated)
F
NWG/RFC 79: Logger Protocol Error
E. W. Meyer, Jr. (MAC) 16 November 1970
D.1
*NWG/RFC 80: Protocols and Data Formats
E. Harslem et al., (RAND) 1 December 1970
D.3 D.4 D.6
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*NWG/RFC 81: Request for Reference Information
J. Bauknight (Ill.) 3 December 1970
I.2
*NWG/RFC 82: Network Meeting Notes
E. Meyer (MAC) 9 December 1970
A.3 A.5 D.1 D.2 D.5 D.6 D.7 E.1 G.1 G.2 H
*NWG/RFC 83: Language - Machine for Data Reconfiguration
R. Anderson et al. (RAND) 18 December 1970
D.3 D.4
NWG/RFC 84: List of NWG/RFC's 1- 80
NIC 23 December 1970
A.4
NWG/RFC 85: Network Working Group Meeting
S. Crocker (ULA) 28 December 1970
A.2
*NWG/RFC 86: Proposal for a Network Standard Format for a Data
Stream to Control Graphics Display
S. Crocker (UCLA) 5 January 1971
D.6
*NWG/RFC 87: Topics for Discussion at the Next Network Working
Group Meeting
A. Vezza (MAC) 12 January 1971
A.2 D.6
*NWG/RFC 88: NETRJS - A Third Level Protocol for Remote Job Entry
R. Braden, S. M. Wolfe (UCLA) 13 January 1971
D1. D.2 G.4
*NWG/RFC 89: Some Historic Moments in Networking
B. Metcalfe (MAC, Harvard) 19 January 1971
C.2 D.6 F
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*NWG/RFC 90: CCN as a Network Service Center
R. T. Braden (UCLA) 25 January 1971
G.4
*NWG/RFC 91: A Proposed User-User Protocol
G. Mealy (Harvard) 27 December 1970
D.1 D.2 D.3 D.5 D.7
NWG/RFC 92: (Not Received)
NWG/RFC 93: Initial Connection Protocol
A. McKenzie (BBN) 27 January 1971
D.1
*NWG/RFC 94: Some Thoughts on Network Graphics
E. Harslem, J. Heafner (RAND) 3 February 1971
D.6
*NWG/RFC 95: Distribution of NWG/RFC's Through the NIC
S. Crocker 4 February 1971
A.1
*NWG/RFC 96: An Interactive Network Experiment to Study Modes of
Accessing the Network Information Center
D. Watson (SRI-ARC) 12 February 1971
D.2 D.3 D.4 G.2
*NWG/RFC 97: A First Cut at a Proposed TELNET Protocol
J. Melvin, D. Watson (SRI-ARC) 15 February 1971
D.1 D.2 D.3 G.2
*NWG/RFC 98: Logger Protocol Proposal
E. Meyer, T. Skinner (MAC) 11 February 1971
D.1 D.2
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*NWG/RFC 99: Network Meeting
P. Karp 22 February 1971
A.2
*NWG/RFC 100: Categorization and Guide to NG/RFCs
P. Karp (MITRE) 20 February 1971
A.4
NWG/RFC 101: (Not Received)
*NWG/RFC 102: Output of Host/Host Protocol Glitch
Cleaning Committee
S. Crocker 22, 23 February 1971
A.5 B.1 B.2 C.1 C.4 C.5 C.6
[ This RFC was put into machine readable form for entry ]
[ into the online RFC archives by Gottfried Janik 2/98 ]
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