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13 [1] *Terumah* becomes nullified in a mixture 101 times the size of the original quantity.
What is implied? When a *se'ah* of *terumah* falls into 100 *se'ah* of ordinary produce and all the produce becomes mixed together, he should separate one *se'ah* and give it to the priest. The remainder is permitted [to be eaten by] non-priests.
[Accordingly,] whenever the *terumah* is a substance which the priests do not care about, e.g., *terumah* from wild figs, carobs, Edomite barley and the like, it is not necessary to separate [a hundredth for the priest]. Instead, since it fell into a 100 times its amount, it is nullified because of its minimal size and the entire mixture is permitted to non-priests. [2] If a *se'ah* of *terumah* fell into less than 100 [*se'ah* of ordinary produce], the entire mixture becomes *miduma*. It should be sold to a priest at the price of *terumah* with the exception of that *se'ah*.
When does the above apply? When produce becomes mixed with its own kind. If, however, produce becomes mixed with produce of another type, [the ruling is dependent on whether] the flavor [of the *terumah*] is recognizable or not. If the entire mixture has the flavor of *terumah*, it is all considered as *miduma* and should be sold to the priests with the exception of the value of the *terumah*. If the flavor of the entire mixture is that of the ordinary produce, the entire mixture is permitted to non-priests. [3] When a *se'ah* of *terumah* falls into 100 *se'ah* and one *se'ah* was removed from the mixture, if that *se'ah* fell into other produce, the question whether the mixture is considered as *miduma* is determined according to the proportion [of *terumah* in the first mixture].Similarly, if a *se'ah* of *terumah* fell into less than one hundred *se'ah* [of ordinary produce] and the entire mixture became *miduma* and then some of this mixture fell into other [produce], the question whether the mixture is considered as *miduma* is determined according to the proportion [of *terumah* in the first mixture].
What is implied? Ten *se'ah* of *terumah* fell into 90 *se'ah* of ordinary produce and the entire mixture became *miduma*. If ten *se'ah* from this mixture fell into less than 100 *se'ah* of ordinary produce, the mixture is considered *miduma*, because in the ten *se'ah* of the [original] mixture, there was at least one *se'ah* of *terumah*. If less than ten *se'ah* [of *terumah*] fell into [the original mixture], the [second] mixture is not considered as *miduma* [when one *se'ah* of the first mixture fell into 100 *se'ah*]. [4] When does the above apply? With regard to substances that do not become blended together, e.g., wheat kernels with wheat kernels or flour with flour. When, however, substances blend together, e.g., oil that is *terumah* mixes with ordinary oil or wine that is *terumah* mixes with ordinary wine, we follow the majority. If the majority is *terumah*, should the mixture fall into other produce, the ruling is the same as if [the first mixture] was [entirely] *terumah*. If the majority of the [first] mixture is ordinary produce, should that mixture fall into other produce, [the entire first mixture] is considered as ordinary produce and there is never a difficulty concerning a mixture of *terumah*. Nevertheless, in all instances, the entire [first] mixture is forbidden to non-priests. [5] When a *se'ah* of *terumah* falls into 100 *se'ah*, [a *se'ah* of the mixture] was removed, another [*se'ah* of *terumah*] fell in, [another *se'ah*] was removed, and another fell in, the ordinary produce is permitted until there is a majority of *terumah* [in the mixture]. Thus if more than 100 *se'ah* of *terumah* fell into 100 *se'ah* of ordinary produce, *se'ah* after *se'ah* [in above manner], the entire mixture is considered as *miduma*. [6] [The following rules apply when] a *se'ah* of *terumah* fell into 100 [*se'ah* of ordinary produce] and before one *se'ah* was removed, another *se'ah* of *terumah* fell [into the mixture]. If [the owner] was aware of the first *se'ah* before the second *se'ah* fell, [the mixture] does not become *miduma*. Instead, he should remove two *se'ah* and the remainder is permitted. [The rationale is that] since it should have been taken out, we consider it as if it was taken out. If, however, he did not become aware of the first *se'ah* until after the second fell in, the mixture is considered *miduma*. It is as if both *se'ah* fell in at the same time. [7] The waste products of *terumah* are not combined with it [a mixture of it and ordinary produce] to cause the ordinary produce to be forbidden. The waste products of ordinary produce, by contrast, are combined with it to cause *terumah* to be nullified in a mixture.
What is implied? A *se'ah* of high quality wheat that is *terumah* fell into 100 *se'ah* of wheat of low quality that is ordinary produce. The owner ground the entire quantity. Even though there is much bran in the ordinary produce and a small amount in the *terumah* and thus the flour from the *terumah* is more than one hundredth of the flour from the ordinary produce, it is nullified. For we measure the flour with the bran and [together,] it is 101 times [the original amount of *terumah*]. If, however, a *se'ah* of low quality wheat that is *terumah* falls into [slightly] less 100 *se'ah* of high quality wheat that is ordinary produce and [the owner] ground the entire quantity, [the weight of] the flour that is *terumah* will be one hundredth of [the weight of] the flour that is ordinary produce. Hence it is nullified because the mixture is 101 times the original amount [of *terumah*], for the weight of the ordinary produce increased and that of the *terumah* decreased. [8] When a *log* of clear wine that is *terumah* fell into 100 *lugin* of cloudy wine that is ordinary produce, we do not remove the dregs from the wine [and only then calculate whether the ordinary wine is 100 times the *terumah*]. Instead, we nullify the *log* of *terumah*. Similarly, if a *log* of cloudy wine [that is *terumah*] fell into a 100 *log* of clear wine, we do not remove the dregs in [the wine that is *terumah*]. [9] When a *log* of water fell into 99 *lugim* of wine and then a *log* of wine that is *terumah* fell into the mixture, the entire mixture is considered as *miduma*, because water does not nullify [the existence of] wine. [10] [The following rules apply when] a *se'ah* of *terumah* fell into less than 100 *se'ah* of ordinary produce and then other ordinary produce fell into the mixture so that there was more than 100 times [the weight of the *terumah*]. If [the second batch of produce was added] unknowingly, [the *terumah*] is nullified because there is 101 [times the original weight]. If he mixed it intentionally, the entire mixture is considered as *miduma*, because we do not nullify the existence of substances prohibited by Scriptural Law as an initial preference. [11] It is, however, permitted to nullify *terumah* from the Diaspora [by mixing it] with a majority of permitted substances and eat it during the time when one is ritually impure. Not only that, if a person possesses wine that is *terumah* from the Diaspora, he should take one log of this wine and mix it with two *lugim* of ordinary [wine]. Thus there are three *lugim*. Afterwards, he can add another *log* of the *terumah* wine into the three *lugim* and then take one *log* from the four and drink it. He may then add another *log* [of *terumah* wine] and take out a *log* and drink it. Similarly, he may continue adding a *log* of *terumah* and removing a *log* until all the wine that is *terumah* is completed. Thus he can nullify several *lugim* [of *terumah*] in two *lugim* of ordinary produce. [12] When one sows *terumah* next to ordinary produce and cannot identify which produce is *terumah* and which is ordinary produce, the entire batch is permitted even if there were 100 rows of *terumah* and [only] one row of ordinary produce.
When does the above apply? With regard to produce whose seed decomposes in the earth, e.g., wheat, barley, and the like. If, however, the seeds do not decompose, e.g., garlic and onions, even if 100 rows are ordinary produce and one row is *terumah*, the entire mixture is *miduma*. If the entire crop is harvested, *terumah* can be nullified in a mixture of 100 times its weight, but, as an initial and preferred option, one should not harvest the crop. [13] When there are two containers of produce, one containing *terumah* and one containing ordinary produce and it is not known [which contains the ordinary produce and which contains the *terumah*], if [the contents of] one of these containers falls into ordinary produce, [the mixture] is not considered as *miduma*. [This same law applies if produce that is] *terumah* fell into one of two containers [of ordinary produce], but one does not know which one and afterwards, one of those containers fell into ordinary produce.
Similarly, if one sowed [the grain from] one of the two containers, the produce that grows is considered as ordinary produce with regard to all matters. [The produce in] the remaining container is considered as *terumah*. If [the contents of] the second container fell into other produce, [the mixture] is not considered as *miduma*. Similarly, if another person sowed [the contents of] the second container, the produce that grows is considered as ordinary produce.
If [the contents of] both containers fall into one mixture of other produce, the mixture is considered *miduma* according to the amount of produce in the smaller container. If one person sowed both of them, if the produce is a species where the seed decomposes, the produce that grows is considered as ordinary produce.If the seed does not decompose, the produce that grows is *miduma.*
When does the above apply? When one sowed [the contents of] the second container before the first batch of produce was harvested. If, however, he harvested the first batch of produce before sowing the second, the produce that grows is considered as ordinary produce even when the seed does not decompose. [The rationale is that] produce that has been reaped and produce that is growing are not considered as indicators of each other's status. [14] When there are two containers [of produce], one containing ordinary produce and the other, containing *terumah* and two *se'ah*, one of ordinary produce and one of *terumah*, and both *se'ah* fall into these containers, [one into each], the produce is permitted. We assume that the ordinary produce fell into [the container of] ordinary produce and that the *terumah* fell into [the container of] *terumah*. [This applies] even though the weight of the ordinary produce is not greater than that of the *terumah*.
When does the above apply? With regard to *terumah* in the present era, for the requirement is of Rabbinic origin. If the *terumah* is mandated by Scriptural Law, [the above ruling does not apply unless] the weight of the ordinary produce is greater than that of the *terumah*. [15] When a *se'ah* of *terumah* falls into a grainheap and [the owner] states: "The *terumah* of this grainheap is in its midst," the borders of the *terumah* are defined where the *se'ah* fell and the entire mixture becomes *miduma* because of the *terumah* which fell in and the *terumah* of the grainheap.
If he said: "The *terumah* of the grainheap is in its northern portion," we divide the grainheap in half, and then the northern half in half. Thus the northern most quarter of the grainheap is *miduma*. [16] If there were two grainheaps before a person and he said: 'The *terumah* for both grainheaps is in one of them," they are both considered *miduma*.
If there were two *se'ah* of grain and one grainheap before a person and he said: "One of these *se'ah* is considered *terumah* for this grainheap," one of them is *terumah* and he does not know which. If there were two grainheaps and one *se'ah* before him and he said: "This is *terumah* for one of the grainheaps," [the *se'ah*] is *terumah* and [*terumah* has been separated from] one of the grainheaps, but he does not know which one is no longer *tevel*.
Version: Mishneh Torah, trans. by Eliyahu Touger. Jerusalem, Moznaim Pub. c1986-c2007
Source: https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001020101/NLI
License: CC-BY-NC