πΎ Archived View for gem.sdf.org βΊ s.kaplan βΊ cheatsheets βΊ subjects βΊ language βΊ japanese.md captured on 2024-05-12 at 15:34:36.
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# Japanese Cheatsheet ## Basic Concepts - Japanese is a language spoken by over 125 million people in Japan and around the world. - Japanese is a member of the Japonic language family, which also includes Ryukyuan languages. - Japanese is written using a combination of three scripts: kanji, hiragana, and katakana. ## Pronunciation - Japanese has five vowel sounds: a, i, u, e, o. - The consonant sounds in Japanese are similar to those in English, but some sounds, such as "r" and "ts," are pronounced differently. - Japanese has a pitch accent system, where the pitch of a syllable can change the meaning of a word. ## Grammar - Japanese grammar is based on a subject-object-verb (SOV) word order. - Particles are used to indicate the grammatical function of words in a sentence. - Verbs are conjugated to indicate tense, aspect, and politeness level. ## Vocabulary - Japanese vocabulary includes loanwords from other languages, such as English and Portuguese, as well as native Japanese words. - Honorific language is used in Japanese to show respect and politeness, and includes different verb forms and vocabulary. ## Writing - Kanji are Chinese characters that are used in Japanese writing, and represent words or concepts. - Hiragana and katakana are syllabic scripts that are used to represent the sounds of Japanese words. - Japanese text can be written horizontally from left to right, or vertically from top to bottom. ## Examples - γγγ«γ‘γ― (Konnichiwa) - Hello - γγγγ¨γ (Arigatou) - Thank you - γγΏγΎγγ (Sumimasen) - Excuse me/I'm sorry - γγ―γγγγγγΎγ (Ohayou gozaimasu) - Good morning - γγγ°γγ― (Konbanwa) - Good evening - γγγγΏγͺγγ (Oyasumi nasai) - Good night - γ―γ (Hai) - Yes - γγγ (Iie) - No - γι‘γγγΎγ (Onegaishimasu) - Please - γ©γγγγγΎγγ¦ (Dou itashimashite) - You're welcome - ε€±η€ΌγγΎγ (Shitsurei shimasu) - Excuse me (when leaving) ## Culture - Japanese culture includes traditions such as tea ceremonies, flower arrangement, and martial arts. - Anime and manga are popular forms of Japanese entertainment that have gained a global following. - Japanese cuisine includes dishes such as sushi, ramen, and tempura. ## Resources - [Japanese language on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_language) - [JapanesePod101](https://www.japanesepod101.com/) - [Genki: An Integrated Course in Elementary Japanese](https://www.amazon.com/Genki-Integrated-Elementary-Japanese-English/dp/4789014401) - [NHK World-Japan](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/) (news and cultural programming)