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# Dutch Cheatsheet ## Overview Dutch is a West Germanic language spoken by over 23 million people as a first language in the Netherlands, Belgium, and Suriname, and as a second language in many other countries. ## Alphabet The Dutch alphabet consists of 26 letters, including the following additional letters: - `é`, `ë`, `ï`, `ö`, `ü`, and `é` with acute accents (`é` is also used in loanwords) - `ij` and `y` (both considered separate letters) - `ch`, `ng`, and `ij` (considered digraphs) ## Pronunciation - `g` is pronounced as a guttural sound similar to the "ch" in Scottish "loch". - `j` is pronounced as the "y" in "yes". - `ui` is pronounced as the "ui" in "huis" (house). - `ij` is pronounced as a diphthong similar to the "ei" in "rein" (pure). - `eu` is pronounced as the "oi" in "boil". - `sch` is pronounced as the "sk" in "school". - `ch` is pronounced as the "k" in "kilo" at the beginning of a word, and as the guttural "ch" sound elsewhere. - `ng` is pronounced as the "ng" in "sing". ## Grammar - Dutch uses the Latin alphabet and is written from left to right. - Nouns have gender (masculine, feminine, or neuter) and can be either singular or plural. - Verbs are inflected for tense, aspect, and mood. - Word order in Dutch sentences is typically subject-verb-object. ## Examples - `Hallo!`: Hello! - `Hoe gaat het?`: How are you? - `Ik spreek geen Nederlands.`: I don't speak Dutch. - `Tot ziens!`: Goodbye! - `Een biertje, alstublieft.`: A beer, please. - `Ik hou van jou.`: I love you. ## Resources - [Duolingo Dutch course](https://www.duolingo.com/course/nl-NL/en/Learn-Dutch) - [Dutch Grammar Forum](https://www.dutchgrammar.com/forum/) - [Dutch Dictionary](https://www.vandale.nl/gratis-woordenboek/nederlands)