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1 ‎[1] **and Reuven’s creditor came and repossessed** the field **from him,** i.e., from Reuven, **the law is that Shimon** must **go and compensate [*mefatzei*] Reuven,** since he sold him the field with a guarantee, while Reuven owes Shimon nothing, since he sold him the field without a guarantee.
‎[2] **Rava said to him: Granted, that** Shimon **took upon himself** to **guarantee** the sale in **general,** i.e., if the field were to be repossessed by his own creditors or those of a previous owner of the field; **did he** also **take upon himself** to **guarantee** the sale if it were to be repossessed by the purchaser’s **own** creditors?
‎[3] The Gemara notes: **And Rava concedes** to Rami bar Ḥama **in** the following case: **Reuven inherited a field from** his father, **Ya’akov, and sold it to Shimon with no guarantee. Shimon came and sold it** back **to Reuven with a guarantee.** Then, **Ya’akov’s creditor came and repossessed the field from** Reuven. In this case, Rava would concede that **the law is that Shimon** must **go and compensate** Reuven for his loss.
‎[4] The Gemara asks: **What is the reason** for this *halakha*? The Gemara answers: **Ya’akov’s creditor is comparable to a general** case of a creditor, i.e., a creditor of a previous owner. Even Rava would agree that this is not comparable to a case where Reuven’s creditor repossessed the field. Consequently, Shimon bears responsibility to compensate Reuven.
‎[5] **Rami bar Ḥama said:** Consider a case where **Reuven sold a field to Shimon with a guarantee** that if it is repossessed he will compensate Shimon for his loss. Shimon did not pay for the purchase, **and** instead **set up** the value of the field **as a loan** by writing a promissory note for this amount. **Reuven** subsequently **died, and a creditor of Reuven came and repossessed** the field **from Shimon.** Shimon, not wanting the creditor to take the field from him, tried to **appease him with money** so the creditor would allow him to keep the field.
‎[6] **The law is that the sons of Reuven** can **say to** Shimon that he must pay them the money he owes for the field, and they are not required to pay Shimon if he demands compensation for the repossession of the field. They may say to him: **Our father left us movable property with you,** i.e., the money you owe us for the field, **and the movable property of orphans is not liened to a creditor.** The orphans can claim that the field belongs to Shimon, and as there is no land left for the orphans, there is no way for Shimon to recover the compensation that he is owed. The money he owes Reuven is considered movable property, and therefore he cannot recover his losses from these funds.
‎[7] **Rava said** with regard to this case: **If the other** individual, Shimon, **is clever he will pay them** what he owes with **real estate** and not with money. Since they now have real estate inherited from their father’s estate, Shimon **can then collect** the field **from them** as compensation for the repossession of the original field that Reuven sold to Shimon. This is **in accordance with** the opinion of **Rav Naḥman, as Rav Naḥman said** that **Rabba bar Avuh said:** When **orphans collect real estate for a debt owed to their father** from one person, their father’s **creditor** can **come and seize this** land **from them.**
‎[8] The Gemara addresses a similar matter. **Rabba said:** If **Reuven sold all his fields to Shimon,** and **Shimon then sold one field to Levi, and** then **Reuven’s creditor came** to repossess one of the fields that was mortgaged to him: If **he desires, he can collect from this one,** Shimon, and if **he desires, he can collect from that one,** Levi, since he has a lien that applies equally to all the properties that once belonged to Reuven.
‎[9] **And we said** this **only** if Shimon **sold** Levi **land of intermediate quality, but** if **he sold** him **land of superior quality or inferior quality,** Levi **can say to** the creditor: It was **for this** reason that **I made an effort** to **buy land that is not fit for you,** as a creditor is supposed to repossess land of intermediate quality. Therefore, go to Shimon and collect your debt from the land of intermediate quality that is in his possession.
‎[10] The Gemara notes further: **And** even if Shimon sold Levi **land of intermediate quality, we said** that the creditor may repossess Levi’s land **only** in a case **where** Levi **did not leave** Shimon with **equivalent land of intermediate quality.**
Mishneh Torah, Creditor and Debtor
Version: William Davidson Edition - English
Source: https://korenpub.com/collections/the-noe-edition-koren-talmud-bavli-1
License: CC-BY-NC