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17 â[1] THOU SHALT NOT HATE THY BROTHER IN THY HEART. Because it is the way of those who hate a person to cover up their hatred in their hearts, just as it is said, *He that hateth dissembleth with his lips, but he layeth up deceit within him*, therefore Scripture speaks of the usual events, [mentioning, *thou shalt not hate thy brother âin thy heart,â* but the law forbids all hating, even if done openly]. THOU SHALT SURELY REBUKE THY NEIGHBOR, This constitutes another commandment, that we must teach him reproof of instruction. THOU SHALT NOT BEAR SIN BECAUSE OF HIM, for you will bear sin because of his transgression if you do not rebuke him. Onkelosâ rendition tends towards this explanation, for he translated, âand do not receive guilt because of him,â meaning that you should not be punished by his sin. Following these commandments He then said [in the following verse] that you are to love your neighbor. Thus he who hates his neighbor violates a negative commandment, and he who loves him, fulfills a positive commandment.
The correct interpretation appears to me to be that the expression *âhocheiâach tochiachâ* (*thou shalt surely rebuke*), is similar to *âVâhochiach Avrahamâ* (*And Abraham reproved*) *Abimelech*. The verse here is thus stating: âdo not hate your brother in your heart when he does something to you against your will, but instead you are to reprove him, saying, âWhy did you do thus to me?â and you will not bear sin because of him by covering up your hatred of him in your heart and not telling him, for when you will reprove him, he will justify himself before you [so that you will have no cause to hate him], or he will regret his action and admit his sin, and you will forgive him.â After that He admonishes [in the following verse] that you are not to take vengeance of him, nor bear a grudge in your heart against him because of what he has done to you, for it is possible that he will not hate him, but yet he will remember in his heart his neighborâs sin against him; therefore He admonished him that he is to erase his brotherâs sin and transgression against him from his heart. Following that admonition, He commanded that he love him as himself.
Version: Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976
Source: https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH002108945/NLI
License: CC-BY