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<a NAME="top"></a><font color="#FFFFFF">.</font><font color="#666666"><font size=-1>The
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<br>
<p><font face="Impact"><font size=+3>ECHO ][ SPEECH SYNTHESIZER MINI-MANUAL</font></font>
<br>
<p><tt>TABLE OF CONTENTS</tt>
<p><tt>______________________________________________________________________</tt>
<p><tt>INTRODUCTION</tt>
<br><tt>INSTALLATION</tt>
<br><tt>SPEECH GENERATOR</tt>
<br><tt>SPEAKING FROM WITHIN AN APPLESOFT PROGRAM</tt>
<br><tt>WORD STRUCTURE</tt>
<br><tt>SPEECH EDITOR</tt>
<br><tt>SPEECH EDITOR COMMANDS</tt>
<br><tt>PHRASE CONSTRUCTION</tt>
<br><tt>SAMPLE VOCABULARY</tt>
<br><tt>SAMPLE PROGRAM</tt>
<br><tt>HANGUPS?</tt>
<br><tt>SPEECH EDITOR EXAMPLE</tt>
<br><tt>PROGRAM EXAMPLE</tt>
<br><tt>TABLES</tt>
<br><tt>APPENDIX - SAMPLE VOCABULARY</tt>
<br>
<p><tt> INTRODUCTION</tt>
<p><tt> Until recently, speech generation by a
micro-computer required a</tt>
<br><tt>fair amount of memory storage and hardware. With the advent of
"Linear</tt>
<br><tt>Predictive Coding" (a mathematical method of simulating the human
vocal</tt>
<br><tt>tract) the amount of memory needed to store speech was greatly
reduced.</tt>
<br><tt>Instead of storing the actual speech signal, only those LPC parameters</tt>
<br><tt>needed to describe each particular speech sound are stored. This
allows</tt>
<br><tt>programs to have a large resident vocabulary without having to
access a</tt>
<br><tt>disk or tape every time an alternate response is needed. As an</tt>
<br><tt>illustration, the sample vocabulary supplied with the ECHO ][ contains</tt>
<br><tt>all of the letters of the alphabet, numbers, and over 100 other
words in</tt>
<br><tt>less than 2K of memory.</tt>
<p><tt> The heart of the ECHO ][ is Texas Instrument's
TMS 5200 speech</tt>
<br><tt>processor. This integrated circuit is an upgraded version of the
one</tt>
<br><tt>used in the Speak & Spell (TM of Texas Instruments) that has
been</tt>
<br><tt>modified for use with an eight bit processor. The ECHO ][ has been</tt>
<br><tt>designed so that all of the features of the TMS 5200 may be used
with</tt>
<br><tt>the APPLE, however only RAM based speech is used with the initial</tt>
<br><tt>operating system. Empty sockets have been provided for standard</tt>
<br><tt>vocabulary ROMs when they become available.</tt>
<p><tt> The initial operating system is a RAM based
phoneme system that was</tt>
<br><tt>designed to provide flexibility and a further increase in memory</tt>
<br><tt>efficiency over straight encoded words. By using the SPEECH EDITOR
the</tt>
<br><tt>user may create any word or phrase that he desires to have spoken
from a</tt>
<br><tt>program. This code is in a compact form and contains information
on the</tt>
<br><tt>sound, pitch, and duration of each phoneme. A second program called</tt>
<br><tt>SPEECH GENERATOR is a binary program which interprets this code
and</tt>
<br><tt>passes the correct parameters to the ECHO ][ to speak the word.
Only the</tt>
<br><tt>SPEECH GENERATOR (1K bytes) and the actual vocabulary (10 to 20</tt>
<br><tt>bytes/word) are needed for a program to speak.</tt>
<p><tt> The address of the word to be spoken is
"poked" to the SPEECH</tt>
<br><tt>GENERATOR and a call is made to initiate the speech. The sections
which</tt>
<br><tt>follow discuss in detail how to install the card and the different</tt>
<br><tt>components of the software system and how they are implemented.</tt>
<br><tt>Following that is a step by step example of how to use the speech
editor</tt>
<br><tt>to create words and then a short program of how to access them
from</tt>
<br><tt>APPLESOPT basic. It is suggested that you read over the next sections</tt>
<br><tt>first and then work through the example to become familiar with
the</tt>
<br><tt>system. You may also want to list the sample programs (RECITE and</tt>
<br><tt>TALKING TYPEWRITER) or examine portions of the sample vocabulary
with</tt>
<br><tt>the SPEECH EDITOR as further examples.</tt>
<br>
<p><tt> INSTALLATION</tt>
<p><tt> Before installing the ECHO ][ be sure all
power is disconnected</tt>
<br><tt>from the computer. The ECHO ][ card may be plugged into any
of slots 2</tt>
<br><tt>thru 5 of the APPLE ][. The speaker cord should be attached
to the</tt>
<br><tt>terminals on the back of the speaker and then plugged into the
jack on</tt>
<br><tt>the back of the ECHO ][ card. Replace the cover and the installation
is</tt>
<br><tt>complete. There is a short subroutine located within the
SPEECH</tt>
<br><tt>GENERATOR which will determine which slot the ECHO ][ is located
in.</tt>
<br><tt>This should be "called" at the start of a program before any speech
is</tt>
<br><tt>attempted and will be discussed in the next section.</tt>
<p><tt> The SPEECH EDITOR disk is a 13 sector disk
copied using DOS 3.2.1</tt>
<br><tt>and will not run on a DOS 3.3 system without first using
the BOOT13</tt>
<br><tt>utility, It is suggested that a backup disk be made
as soon as</tt>
<br><tt>possible to protect its contents. If you have DOS 3.3
you may "muffin"</tt>
<br><tt>it at this time.</tt>
<br>
<p><tt> SPEECH GENERATOR</tt>
<p><tt> The SPEECH GENERATOR is a 1K binary module
that contains the actual</tt>
<br><tt>phoneme codes, routines for processing these codes along with their</tt>
<br><tt>variables (pitch, length, and volume), and the routine for
locating the</tt>
<br><tt>ECHO ][ slot. If you "catalog" the supplied disk, you will
see four</tt>
<br><tt>different versions of the SPEECH GENERATOR.
Each version resident in</tt>
<br><tt>a different portion of memory to accommodate the HIRES pages and</tt>
<br><tt>different size systems. The locations of these routines and
their</tt>
<br><tt>associated entry points are listed in TABLE 1 at the end
of the manual.</tt>
<p><tt> The Speak routine takes the compressed
speech data beginning at the</tt>
<br><tt>starting address (specified by the "calling" program), processes
it,</tt>
<br><tt>and then outputs it to the ECHO ][ for speaking. It
will keep</tt>
<br><tt>processing successive bytes of information until
is comes actor's an</tt>
<br><tt>"end" command ( HEX "AC" ) which is tacked onto the end of
each word by</tt>
<br><tt>the SPEECH EDITOR. At that point speech is terminated
and control is</tt>
<br><tt>returned to the main program.</tt>
<p><tt> The SETSLT routine actually "looks" for the ECHO
][ card and then</tt>
<br><tt>modifies the Speak routine accordingly. This routine
should be called</tt>
<br><tt>at the start of any speech program since different
programs may be</tt>
<br><tt>using different locations for the SPEECH GENERATOR.
If your card is</tt>
<br><tt>installed in slot 5 you don't really need to use the SETSLT
routine,</tt>
<br><tt>however if you change the location of the ECHO ][ card the
program will</tt>
<br><tt>not function properly.</tt>
<p><tt> The SETSLT routine is also useful for determining
whether there is</tt>
<br><tt>an ECHO ][ card installed in the system. That way a
program where</tt>
<br><tt>speech is an enhancement but not a necessity may still be
run without</tt>
<br><tt>the speech. To do this a "PEEK" needs to be made to
the location</tt>
<br><tt>called "SLOT" (see Table 1). If the SETSLT routine
cannot find an ECHO</tt>
<br><tt>][ card it will set this location to 16 (10 Hex). An
example is listed</tt>
<br><tt>below:</tt>
<p><tt> 10 LOBYTE = 16384: HYBYTE = 16385: SPEAK
= 16386: NXTSPK = 16398:</tt>
<br><tt> SLOT =16413:
SETSLT = 17313</tt>
<br><tt> 20 ECHO = 1: CALL SETSLT: X = PEEK (SLOT):
IF X = 16 THEN ECHO =0</tt>
<p><tt> In the above listing a flag labeled "ECHO" was
set to one if a</tt>
<br><tt>speech card was present or zero if there wasn't. This
may be used</tt>
<br><tt>later in the program to bypass speech routines which could
cause the</tt>
<br><tt>program to "hang" if no card was being used.</tt>
<br>
<p><tt> SPEAKING FRON WITHIN AN APPLESOFT
PROGRAM</tt>
<p><tt> In order for the SPEECH GENERATOR to say a word,
it has to know the</tt>
<br><tt>starting address of the word. Since BASIC deals with decimal
numbers</tt>
<br><tt>and the SPEECH GENERATOR deals with binary numbers, the address
will</tt>
<br><tt>have to be split into two portions and then poked to the SPEECH</tt>
<br><tt>GENERATOR with two separate pokes. For convenience the addresses
for</tt>
<br><tt>these pokes have been labeled "HIBYTE" and "LOBYTE" and are
listed in</tt>
<br><tt>TABLE 1. A short routine to accomplish this is shown below:
100 AH</tt>
<br><tt>= INT (ADD / 256) : AL = ADD - AH * 256 110 POKE
HIBYTE, AH : POKE</tt>
<br><tt>LOBYTE, AL Once that has been accomplished a
call to the SPEAK</tt>
<br><tt>routine will cause the word to be spoken. From a binary
program the</tt>
<br><tt>same thing may be accomplished with two STA instructions
followed by a</tt>
<br><tt>JSR.</tt>
<br>
<p><tt> WORD STRUCTURE</tt>
<p><tt> Words may be broken up into separate and distinct
sounds or</tt>
<br><tt>phonemes. The ECHO ][ SPEECH EDITOR uses a set of
forty-one possible</tt>
<br><tt>phonemes along with two different types of pauses
and a stop command</tt>
<br><tt>(automatically appended at the end of words].
In general, voiced</tt>
<br><tt>sounds (see Table 2) have variable pitch, duration, and volume.</tt>
<br><tt>Unvoiced sounds (see Table 3) have these variables
preset. There</tt>
<br><tt>are sixteen different pitch levels available for voiced sounds.
these</tt>
<br><tt>range from one (highest) to sixteen (lowest). Varying the pitch
allows</tt>
<br><tt>the computer to ask questions or make exclamations. If the
pitch is all</tt>
<br><tt>one level, the speech will have a monotonic or robotic sound.</tt>
<p><tt> The length of each voiced sound may be specified
as being from one</tt>
<br><tt>to eight 25 millisecond "frames" long. Unvoiced sounds are
preset to be</tt>
<br><tt>anywhere from two to five frames long depending on the sound.
The</tt>
<br><tt>"PA1" is the exception. This stops speech activity 25 to
200</tt>
<br><tt>milliseconds specified in 25 millisecond increments. The
primary use of</tt>
<br><tt>the "PA1" is between words within a phrase or before stop
plosives</tt>
<br><tt>("8","K","T",etc.). THE "PA" pause gives a delay of 25 milliseconds</tt>
<br><tt>however there is still some sound occurring during this period
although</tt>
<br><tt>it is faint. There are eight available
volume levels ranging from</tt>
<br><tt>one(softest) to eight loudest. The usual range is from five
to eight</tt>
<br><tt>for vowel sounds except when tapering off at the end of some
words.</tt>
<p><tt> Many commonly used sounds are made up of a combination
of phonemes.</tt>
<br><tt>An example is the sound "oh". To produce this sound an "01"
sound must</tt>
<br><tt>be followed by an "02" sound. Some other examples are
"eye"</tt>
<br><tt>("AH","I","E") and "oooh" ("U1","U2").</tt>
<br>
<p><tt> SPEECH EDITOR</tt>
<p><tt> The SPEECH EDITOR is an APPLESOFT program which
allows you to</tt>
<br><tt>construct custom words and phrases for the ECHO ][. Basically,
it</tt>
<br><tt>arranges the sounds according to line numbers. These lines
may be added</tt>
<br><tt>to, deleted, modified, and inserted as necessary during word</tt>
<br><tt>construction. When the word is finished it may be "saved"
to RAM which</tt>
<br><tt>also will assemble it into the format the SPEECH GENERATOR requires.</tt>
<br><tt>>From there it may also be "saved" to the disk for later use. The
word or</tt>
<br><tt>phrase may be spoken at any time during the process to verify
it for</tt>
<br><tt>the correct sounds. The EDITOR commands are described in
detail below</tt>
<br><tt>and are also listed in TABLE 4. Only those letters enclosed
in</tt>
<br><tt>parenthesis actually need to be typed in for the command to be</tt>
<br><tt>recognized.</tt>
<p><tt> There are two modes which the EDITOR operates
in. In the command</tt>
<br><tt>mode, you will be prompted by a "#" and you may enter any
of the</tt>
<br><tt>commands listed below. In the add mode you will be expected
to provide</tt>
<br><tt>a sound or number specifying one of the variables.
If you type a</tt>
<br><tt>letter when a number is expected you will be asked to "RETYPE?".
To</tt>
<br><tt>exit the add mode and return to the command mode press the
"RETURN" key</tt>
<br><tt>When the cursor is in the "SOUND" column.</tt>
<br>
<p><tt> SPEECH EDITOR COMMANDS</tt>
<p><tt> (A)DD - This command puts you in the add mode
and allows you to add</tt>
<br><tt>sounds to the end of the current word or phrase. You
will be asked for</tt>
<br><tt>the sound for each line and also the variables if it is a
voiced sound</tt>
<br><tt>or "PA1". To exit this mode press the "RETURN" key when the
cursor is</tt>
<br><tt>in the sound column.</tt>
<p><tt> (AP)PEND - You may add a word or phrase from
memory to the end of</tt>
<br><tt>the current word or phrase. Keep in mind that there is a
maximum of</tt>
<br><tt>forty lines for the current word or phrase. To construct
a longer</tt>
<br><tt>phrase see the section on phrase construction.</tt>
<p><tt> (C)ATALOG - This causes a DOS catalog of the
current disk drive and</tt>
<br><tt>then returns you to the command mode.</tt>
<p><tt> (D)ELETE - When this command is entered you will
be asked which line</tt>
<br><tt>number you wish to delete. That line will be deleted
and all</tt>
<br><tt>subsequent lines will be shifted down one line to fill its place.</tt>
<p><tt> (END) - This exits the SPEECH EDITOR, clears
the screen, and returns</tt>
<br><tt>you to APPLESOFT.</tt>
<p><tt> (I)NSERT - If you wish to add lines within a
word use this command.</tt>
<br><tt>You will be asked which line you wish to insert the new line(s)
in</tt>
<br><tt>front of. This command puts you in the add mode however all
new lines</tt>
<br><tt>are inserted within the word rather than at the end. To exit
press</tt>
<br><tt>"RETURN".</tt>
<p><tt> (L)IST - Re-lists the current word or phrase.
If you wish to pause</tt>
<br><tt>during the listing (useful if there is more than one screen
of text)</tt>
<br><tt>you may press the "SPACE BAR" and the listing will be halted. To
resume</tt>
<br><tt>the listing press the "SPACE BAR" again. This is similar to pressing</tt>
<br><tt>CTRL-S when listing APPLESOFT programs.</tt>
<p><tt> (LO)AD - When this is entered you will be asked
whether you wish to</tt>
<br><tt>load code from the current disk drive or if you wish to load
text from</tt>
<br><tt>the memory into the current word buffer. If you are accessing
the disk,</tt>
<br><tt>you will be asked for the name of the file along with the
address to</tt>
<br><tt>load it into. If you are loading text from memory you will
have to</tt>
<br><tt>specify the starting address. It will then load up to forty
lines until</tt>
<br><tt>it encounters a stop command within the text. If there are more
than</tt>
<br><tt>forty lines you will get a beep and a '*BUFFER FULL" warning.</tt>
<p><tt> (M)ODIFY - This allows you to modify a line that
has previously been</tt>
<br><tt>entered. It is essentially the same as a "DELETE" command
followed by</tt>
<br><tt>an "INSERT" command. You will be asked which line you wish
to modify.</tt>
<br><tt>You will enter the add mode and all new lines will be inserted
at that</tt>
<br><tt>location.</tt>
<p><tt> (N)EW - Clears the current word buffer so you
may start formation of</tt>
<br><tt>a new word. You will be asked if it is OK to clear. Any response
other</tt>
<br><tt>than a "Y" or a "YES" will abort the command.</tt>
<p><tt> (PR)INT - If you wish to make a hard copy of
the current word or</tt>
<br><tt>phrase makeup use this command. You will be asked to type
in the title</tt>
<br><tt>which will be printed at the top of the listing. All output
is printed</tt>
<br><tt>to Slot #1.</tt>
<p><tt> (SA)VE - You may save the current text to memory
or code within</tt>
<br><tt>memory to the current disk drive. If you are saving text
you will be</tt>
<br><tt>asked for the starting address to save it to. Keep a record
of this and</tt>
<br><tt>how many bytes are saved (it tells you) for future reference.
A stop</tt>
<br><tt>command is automatically added to the end of the word as
it is saved.</tt>
<br><tt>This is included in the total number of bytes that it tells
you have</tt>
<br><tt>been saved. If you are saving code to the disk, you must specify
the</tt>
<br><tt>file name, the starting address, and the number of bytes to be
saved.</tt>
<p><tt> (SP)EAK - By entering this command you may hear
whatever is in the</tt>
<br><tt>current buffer. This is useful for "debugging" words during</tt>
<br><tt>construction. Like all other commands, this command is only
available</tt>
<br><tt>when in the command mode.</tt>
<p><tt> (SPM)ENORY - This will speak words or phrases
that have been</tt>
<br><tt>previously stored in memory. You will be asked for the starting
address</tt>
<br><tt>at which time whatever is stored there will be spoken.</tt>
<br>
<p><tt> PHRASE CONSTRUCTION</tt>
<p><tt> There are a few different ways in which words
may be strung together</tt>
<br><tt>to form phrases. For a short phrase you will want to load or enter
the</tt>
<br><tt>first word into the SPEECH EDITOR buffer and then append each additional</tt>
<br><tt>word. You will then want to go back and insert a "PA1" in
between each</tt>
<br><tt>word.</tt>
<p><tt> For longer phrases that include more than forty
lines, each new word</tt>
<br><tt>will have to be saved into memory directly following the
previous one.</tt>
<br><tt>Keep in mind that previously saved words will have a stop
command</tt>
<br><tt>tacked onto the end of them so save the new word one byte
short of the</tt>
<br><tt>actual calculated address (starting address of the previous
word plus</tt>
<br><tt>the number of bytes saved). You will also want to start each
new word</tt>
<br><tt>with a "PA1" so that there will be a pause between the words.
Do not</tt>
<br><tt>put the "PA1" at the end of the old word because it may cause the</tt>
<br><tt>system to "hang" when it is spoken from the SPEECH EDITOR.</tt>
<p><tt> One other way of producing a longer phrase is
that used in the</tt>
<br><tt>sample program "RECITE" on the disk. Unlike the method
above, the stop</tt>
<br><tt>commands are not eliminated and no "PA1" pauses are inserted.
The</tt>
<br><tt>starting address of the first word is given to the SPEECH
GENERATOR and</tt>
<br><tt>it is spoken in the normal fashion. Then for each successive
word to be</tt>
<br><tt>spoken a call is made to the "NXTSPK" routine. The SPEECH
GENERATOR</tt>
<br><tt>will already be painting to the next byte in memory after
speaking the</tt>
<br><tt>previous word so it will already have the address of the next
word. To</tt>
<br><tt>use this type of Phrase you must know how many total words are
to be</tt>
<br><tt>spoken and then do the same number of calls to the "SPEAK" and
"NXTSPK"</tt>
<br><tt>routines.</tt>
<br>
<p><tt> SAMPLE VOCABULARY</tt>
<p><tt> The sample vocabulary on the enclosed disk contains
175 words,</tt>
<br><tt>letters, and numbers for use from within your programs or as examples
on</tt>
<br><tt>coding your own words. The file name of the code is "VOCABULARY"
and</tt>
<br><tt>should be loaded into address 17408. A complete listing of
the words</tt>
<br><tt>and their starting addresses is given in the appendix at the back
of</tt>
<br><tt>this manual.</tt>
<p><tt> "VOCABULARY" may be loaded into other parts of memory
but the</tt>
<br><tt>starting addresses will have to be modified accordingly when
accessing</tt>
<br><tt>words from a program.</tt>
<br>
<p><tt> SAMPLE PROGRAMS</tt>
<p><tt> There are two sample programs provided on the disk.
The first one,</tt>
<br><tt>"TALKING TYPEWRITER" will say each letter and number as it is typed
on</tt>
<br><tt>the keyboard. The second one, "RECITE" will say each word
of the sample</tt>
<br><tt>vocabulary. Both of these programs are APPLESOFT programs and are
run in</tt>
<br><tt>the usual manner.</tt>
<br>
<p><tt> HANGUPS?</tt>
<p><tt> If you try to speak a phrase that begins or ends
with a "PA1" or has</tt>
<br><tt>two "PA1's" embedded in it, the entire program may "hang".
It may also</tt>
<br><tt>"hang" if you give it the starting address of some other
data rather</tt>
<br><tt>than phoneme encoded data. When this occurs the only way
to regain</tt>
<br><tt>control of the computer is to press reset. If you are using
the speech</tt>
<br><tt>editor you may return to the program with variables intact
by entering</tt>
<br><tt>"GOTO 1000". You will have to re-list the current word or
phrase and</tt>
<br><tt>you will no longer have the headings at the top of the screen.</tt>
<p><tt> There is another problem that may occur anytime
after the above</tt>
<br><tt>situation occurs or if RESET is pressed when the ECHO ][
is talking.</tt>
<br><tt>The next time SETSLT is called to find which slot the ECHO
][ is in, it</tt>
<br><tt>probably won't find it. There are two ways to get around
this without</tt>
<br><tt>having to turn off the computer and reboot from scratch.
One is to</tt>
<br><tt>always install the ECBO ][ card in slot 5 and never use the
SETSLT</tt>
<br><tt>routine. The other is to POKE "255" to one of the addresses which
pulls</tt>
<br><tt>the DEVICE SELECT (PIN 41) low on the slot the ECHO ][ is in.</tt>
<br>
<p><tt> SPEECH EDITOR EXAMPLE</tt>
<p><tt> In this section we will use the SPEECH EDITOR
to generate and save</tt>
<br><tt>the phrase "an Apple ][ computer" and then write a short
APPLESOFT</tt>
<br><tt>program to say the lar9et phrase "This is an Apple ][ computer".
Before</tt>
<br><tt>proceeding you should install the ECHO ][ card according
to the</tt>
<br><tt>directions previously given.</tt>
<p><tt> To begin you should boot up the supplied disk
and run the SPEECH</tt>
<br><tt>EDITOR program. After it has finished loading from the disk
your screen</tt>
<br><tt>should be blank except for the headings at the top and you
should be</tt>
<br><tt>prompted with a "0". Whenever this prompt is displayed the
program is</tt>
<br><tt>waiting for a command. For clarity, in this example we will
always list</tt>
<br><tt>an entire command rather than just the first letter(s). All
commands</tt>
<br><tt>ate followed by a <CR>.</tt>
<p><tt> Since you will be using some of the words from
the sample</tt>
<br><tt>vocabulary, you will have to first load it from the disk
into memory.</tt>
<br><tt>To do this type in the command: LOAD. You are then given
two options:</tt>
<br><tt>to load code from the disk or to load text from memory. You
want to</tt>
<br><tt>load code from the disk so enter "1". Next you will be asked
for the</tt>
<br><tt>file name. The sample vocabulary is saved under the name of "VOCABULARY"</tt>
<br><tt>so type this in. When it asks for what address to load it into
type in</tt>
<br><tt>"17408". All addresses listed in the back of this manual
assume that</tt>
<br><tt>the vocabulary has been loaded into this location.</tt>
<p><tt> After the file has been loaded you should be
back in the control</tt>
<br><tt>mode of the editor and the "#" should reappear. The first word
of our</tt>
<br><tt>phrase is "an". This is not one of the words in the sample
vocabulary</tt>
<br><tt>but can easily be made by modifying the word "and". Once
again you will</tt>
<br><tt>want to use the LOAD command, however this time you will
want to use</tt>
<br><tt>option "2" instead of "1". When asked for the address to
load the text</tt>
<br><tt>from you should enter the address listed in the appendix for "and".</tt>
<br><tt>This is "17434" so type it in now. After a brief pause your screen</tt>
<br><tt>should appear as follows:</tt>
<br>
<p><tt>LINE# SOUND PITCH LENGTH VOLUME</tt>
<p><tt>17 PA1 2</tt>
<br><tt>18 K</tt>
<br><tt>19 UH 7
3 6</tt>
<br><tt>20 M
8 2 6</tt>
<br><tt>21 PA1 1</tt>
<br><tt>22 P</tt>
<br><tt>23 Y
4 1 6</tt>
<br><tt>24 IU 4
1 6</tt>
<br><tt>25 U2 4
3 6</tt>
<br><tt>26 PA1 1</tt>
<br><tt>27 T</tt>
<br><tt>28 ER 6
2 6</tt>
<br><tt>29 ER 8
2 6</tt>
<br><tt>30 ER 10
2 5</tt>
<br>
<p><tt> After pressing <CR> to return to the
command mode the entire buffer</tt>
<br><tt>will be re-listed on the screen. Since the screen isn't long enough
to</tt>
<br><tt>accommodate the entire buffer the first lines will no longer appear.
To</tt>
<br><tt>re-examine the first lines, enter the LIST command and while it
is</tt>
<br><tt>listing press the space bar. The listing will halt at that point
and</tt>
<br><tt>will continue only when the space bar is pressed again. A listing
may be</tt>
<br><tt>stopped and restarted in this manner as many times as desired.</tt>
<p><tt> Now that the phrase "an apple two computer"
has been finished it</tt>
<br><tt>needs to be saved to memory and then to the disk for future use.
The</tt>
<br><tt>SPEECH EDITOR and SPEECH GENERATOR.CODE2 use memory locations below</tt>
<br><tt>17408. Likewise, the sample vocabulary resides in memory
locations</tt>
<br><tt>17408 to 19399. Therefore when you save the phrase you just constructed</tt>
<br><tt>it should be put above these locations. To save the phrase
enter the</tt>
<br><tt>SAVE command. As with the LOAD command you will be asked whether
you are</tt>
<br><tt>saving text to memory or memory to disk. Enter a "2" for text to
memory</tt>
<br><tt>and when you are asked for the address to save to enter "19400".
Note</tt>
<br><tt>how many bytes were saved (56) because you will need to know that
to</tt>
<br><tt>save it to the disk.</tt>
<p><tt> The compressed binary code for your phrase
is now in memory</tt>
<br><tt>starting at address 19400. To save the phrase to the disk once
again</tt>
<br><tt>enter the SAVE command, but this time select the first option.
For a</tt>
<br><tt>file name you can use "AN APPLE TWO COMPUTER" and for the address
to</tt>
<br><tt>save from type in the address where it was previously saved, in
this</tt>
<br><tt>case 19400. The length of the phrase is 56 bytes as noted above.</tt>
<p><tt> At this point the entire vocabulary to
say the phrase "this is an</tt>
<br><tt>apple two computer" is stored either within the sample vocabulary
or</tt>
<br><tt>within the file that you just created. The entire phrase could
have been</tt>
<br><tt>constructed and placed within a single file but in order to more</tt>
<br><tt>effectively demonstrate how to access speech from within a program
you</tt>
<br><tt>will be accessing a combination of single words and a phrase.</tt>
<br>
<p><tt> The program listed will say the sample
phrase every time a <CR> is</tt>
<br><tt>pressed. The "REM" statements pretty well explain its operation
and what</tt>
<br><tt>portion of the program does what.</tt>
<br>
<p><tt>10 HIMEM: 7167</tt>
<p><tt>15 REM SETS HIMEM BELOW THE LOCATION OF THE SPEECH ROUTINES.</tt>
<p><tt>20 D$ = CHRS (4)</tt>
<p><tt>25 REIUI SETS D$ UP AS A CONTROL-D FOR DOS COMMANDS.</tt>
<p><tt>30 PRINT D$;"BLOAD SPEECH GENERATOR.CODE0"</tt>
<p><tt>35 REM LOADS IN THE SPEECH GENERATOR.CODE0 INTO $1C00 TO $1CFF.</tt>
<p><tt>40 PRINT D$;"BLOAD VOCABULARY"</tt>
<p><tt>45 REM LOADS THE SAMPLE VOCABULARY INTO LOCATION 17408.</tt>
<p><tt>50 PRINT D$;"BLOAD AN APPLE TWO COMPUTER"</tt>
<p><tt>55 REM LOADS THE PHRASE INTO LOCATION 19400.</tt>
<p><tt>60 LOBYTE = 7168:HIBYTE = 7169:SPEAK = 7170:NXTSPK = 7182:SLOT =
7197:</tt>
<br><tt> SETSLT = 8097</tt>
<p><tt>65 REM SETS UP THE VARIOUS ADDRESSES USED WITH SPEECH GENERATOR.CODEO.</tt>
<p><tt>70 CALL SETSLT:A = PEEK (SLOT): IF A = 16 THEN HOME : PRINT "PLEASE</tt>
<br><tt> INSERT AN ECHO II CARD": END</tt>
<p><tt>75 REM DETERMINES WHICH SLOT THE ECHO II CARD IS IN. IF NO CARD
IS</tt>
<br><tt> INSTALLED IT WARNS THE USER AND ENDS THE PROGRAM.</tt>
<p><tt>80 HOME : INPUT "PRESS THE <CR> FOR A DEMOSTRATION ";X{body}lt;/tt>
<p><tt>85 REM CLEARS THE SCREEN AND WAITS FOR A COMMAND TO START.</tt>
<p><tt>90 ADD = 19070: GOSUB 200</tt>
<p><tt>95 REM SETS UP THE ADDRESS FOR THE WORD "THIS" AND THEN JIMPS TO
THE</tt>
<br><tt> ROUTINE THAT WILL OUTPUT THE ADDRESS AND SPEAK
IT.</tt>
<p><tt>100 FOR A = 1 TO 100: NEXT</tt>
<p><tt>105 REM CAUSES A PAUSE BETWEEN THE WORDS "THIS" AND "IS".</tt>
<p><tt>110 ADD = 18184: GOSUB 200</tt>
<p><tt>115 REM SETS UP THE ADDRESS FOR THE WORD "IS" AND THEN JUMPS TO
THE</tt>
<br><tt>ROUTINE</tt>
<br><tt> THAT WILL OUTPUT THIS ADDRESS AND SPEAK IT.</tt>
<p><tt>120 FOR A = 1 TO 100: NEXT</tt>
<p><tt>125 REM CAUSES A PAUSE BETWEEN THE WORD "IS" AND THE FOLLOWING PHRASE.</tt>
<p><tt>130 ADD = 19400: GOSUB 200</tt>
<p><tt>135 REM SETS UP THE ADDRESS FOR THE PHRASE "AN APPLE TWO COMPUTER"
AND</tt>
<br><tt> THEN JUMPS TO THE ROUTINE THAT WILL OUTPUT
THE ADDRESS AND THEN</tt>
<br><tt> SPEAK IT.</tt>
<p><tt>140 GOTO 80</tt>
<p><tt>200 AH = INT (ADD/256):AL = ADD -AH * 256</tt>
<p><tt>205 REMI SPLITS THE ADDRESS UP INTO HIGH AND LOW ADDRESSES LESS
THAN</tt>
<br><tt> 256 AND THAT CAN BE POKED INTO A BINARY
ROUTINE.</tt>
<p><tt>210 POKE HIBYTE,AH: POKE LOBYTE,AL</tt>
<p><tt>215 REM POKES THE ADDRESSES DETERMINED ABOVE INTO THE LOCATIONS
USED</tt>
<br><tt> BY THE SPEECH GENERATOR.CODE.</tt>
<p><tt>220 CALL SPEAK</tt>
<p><tt>225 REM THIS CALLS THE ROUTINE THAT SPEAKS THE WORD OR PHRASE STARTING</tt>
<br><tt> AT THE ADDRESS POKED ABOVE.</tt>
<p><tt>230 RETURN</tt>
<br>
<br>
<p><tt>TABLE 1 -SPEECH GENERATOR ADDRESSES</tt>
<p><tt>SPEECH GENERATOR.CODE0 - $1COO TO S1FFF</tt>
<br><tt>SPEECH GENERATOR.CODE1 - $3COO TO $3FFF</tt>
<br><tt>SPEECH GENERATOR.CODE2 - $4000 TO $43FF</tt>
<br><tt>SPEECH GENERATOR.CODE3 - $6000 TO $63FF</tt>
<br>
<p><tt>VER LOBYTE HIBYTE SPEAK
NXTSPK SLOT SETSLT</tt>
<p><tt>0 7168 7169
7170 7182 7197
8097</tt>
<br><tt> $1C00 $1C01
$1C02 $1COE $1C1D
$1FA1</tt>
<p><tt>1 15360 15361
15362 15374 15389
16289</tt>
<br><tt> $3C00 $3C01
$3C02 $3COE $3C1D
$3FA1</tt>
<p><tt>2 16384 16385
16386 16398 16413
17313</tt>
<br><tt> $4000 $4001
$4002 $400E $401D
$43A1</tt>
<p><tt>3 24576 24577
24578 24590 24605
25505</tt>
<br><tt> $6000 $6001
$6002 $600E $601D
$63A1</tt>
<br>
<p><tt>TABLE 2 - SOUNDS WITH SELECTABLE VARIABLES</tt>
<br>
<p><tt>Al - late E - speak M - many OO2 - book</tt>
<p><tt>A2 - late EH - letter N - nice U1 - tune</tt>
<p><tt>AE - dad ER - hurry
NG - long U2 - tune</tt>
<p><tt>AH - bother I - finger
O1 - oh UH - fun</tt>
<p><tt>AW - call IU - you O2 - oh Y - you</tt>
<p><tt>L - like OO1 - book PA1 - pause</tt>
<br>
<br>
<p><tt>TABLE 3 - SOUNDS WITH PRESET VARIABLES</tt>
<br>
<p><tt>B - baby G - get
R - red TH1 - then</tt>
<p><tt>CH - choose H - hello S - see V -
very</tt>
<p><tt>D - dog J - jet
SH - shoe W - will</tt>
<p><tt>DT - butter K - kick T - too
Z - zero</tt>
<p><tt>F - if P - print
TH - think PA - pause</tt>
<br>
<br>
<p><tt>TABLE 4 - SPEECH EDITOR COMMANDS</tt>
<p><tt>(A)DD</tt>
<br><tt>(END)</tt>
<br><tt>(N)EW</tt>
<br><tt>(AP)PEND</tt>
<br><tt>(I)NSERT (PR)INT</tt>
<br><tt>(C)ATALOG</tt>
<br><tt>(L)IST</tt>
<br><tt>(SA)VE</tt>
<br><tt>(D)ELETE</tt>
<br><tt>(LO)AD</tt>
<br><tt>(SP)EAK</tt>
<br><tt>(M)ODIFY</tt>
<br><tt>(SPM)EMORY</tt>
<br>
<br>
<p><tt>APPENDIX - SAMPLE VOCABULARY</tt>
<br>
<p><tt>A...........17408 ADDED.......17425
ANSWER......17444</tt>
<br><tt>ADD.........17417 AND.........17434
APPLE.......17457</tt>
<p><tt>B...........17469 BLUE........17490
BYTE........17510</tt>
<br><tt>BLACK.......17477 BY..........17502</tt>
<p><tt>C...........17521 CLOSE.......17551
CONTROL.....17595</tt>
<br><tt>CATALOG.....17532 COLOR.......17570
CORRECT.....17610</tt>
<br><tt>CENTS.......17548 COMMA.......17583</tt>
<p><tt>D...........17624 DISK........17670
DO..........17724</tt>
<br><tt>DATE........17632 DIVIDE......17680
DOLLARS.....17732</tt>
<br><tt>DECIMAL.....17641 DIVIDED.....17695
DON'T.......17747</tt>
<br><tt>DELETE......17656 DRIVE.......17713</tt>
<p><tt>E...........17758 ELEVEN......17800
ERROR.......17B51</tt>
<br><tt>EIGHT.......17765 END.........17815
ESCAPE......17862</tt>
<br><tt>EIGHTEEN....17775 ENTER.......17825
EXCLAMATION.17B74</tt>
<br><tt>EIGHTY......17789 EQUALS......17838</tt>
<p><tt>F...........17899 FIRST.......17942
FORTY.......17975</tt>
<br><tt>FALSE.......17905 FILE........17953
FOUR........17987</tt>
<br><tt>FIFTEEN.....17916 FIVE........17965
FOURTEEN....17997</tt>
<br><tt>FIFTY.......17930</tt>
<p><tt>G...........18012 GOOD........18028
GUESS.......1B048</tt>
<br><tt>GAME........180ZO GREEN.......18039</tt>
<p><tt>H...........18057 HELP........1S075
HUNDRED.....18098</tt>
<br><tt>HELLO.......18065 HIGH........18088</tt>
<p><tt>I...........18112 INCORRECT...18134
IS..........18184</tt>
<br><tt>IF..........18121 INPUT.......18153
IT..........18190</tt>
<br><tt>IN..........18127 INSERT......18168</tt>
<p><tt>J...........18198</tt>
<p><tt>K...........18206 KEY.........18214
KEYBOARD....1B222</tt>
<p><tt>L...........18236 LIST........18256
LOW.........18279</tt>
<br><tt>LEFT........18245 LOAD........18267</tt>
<p><tt>M...........1B290 MILLION.....18328
MULTIPLY....18355</tt>
<br><tt>MANY........18301 MINUS ......18341
MULTIPLIED..18376</tt>
<br><tt>MEMORY......18314</tt>
<p><tt>N...........18398 NINE........18431 N0..........18480</tt>
<br><tt>NAME........18409 NINETEEN....18442 NOW.........18489</tt>
<br><tt>NEXT........18418 NINETY......18462 NUMBER......18497</tt>
<p><tt>0...........18510 ONE.........18534
OR..........18555</tt>
<br><tt>OFF.........18519 OPEN........18542
OUT.........18564</tt>
<br><tt>ON..........18525</tt>
<p><tt>P...........18573 PERIOD......18614
PRESS.......1B648</tt>
<br><tt>PARENTHESIS.18583 PLUS........18627
PRINT.......18658</tt>
<br><tt>PERCENT.....18600 POUND.......18638
PROGRAM.....18670</tt>
<p><tt>Q...........186S5 QUESTION....18697</tt>
<p><tt>R...........18711 REMOVE......18729
RETURN......18759</tt>
<br><tt>RED.........18720 REPEAT......18743
RIGHT.......18774</tt>
<br>
<p><tt>S...........18785 SEVENTY.....18864
SPELL........18933</tt>
<br><tt>SAVE........18792 SIX.........18878
START.......18942</tt>
<br><tt>SECOND......18801 SIXTEEN.....18888
STOP........18953</tt>
<br><tt>SEMICOLON...18814 SIXTY.......18903
SUBTRACT....18964</tt>
<br><tt>SEVEN.......18835 SORRY.......18915
SUBTRACTED..18979</tt>
<br><tt>SEVENTEEN...18845 SPACE.......18925</tt>
<p><tt>T...........18997 THIRTEEN....19047
TRY.........19109</tt>
<br><tt>TAPE........19007 THIRTY......19060
TRUE........19119</tt>
<br><tt>THAT........19016 THIS........19070
TWELVE......19128</tt>
<br><tt>TEN.........19025 THOUSAND....19077
TWENTY......19140</tt>
<br><tt>THE.........19033 THREE.......19089
TWO.........19151</tt>
<br><tt>THE1........19041 TIME........19098
TYPE........19159</tt>
<p><tt>U...........19170 UH OH.......191B1
UNDERSTAND..19190</tt>
<p><tt>V...........19207 VALUE.......19217</tt>
<p><tt>W...........19231 WHERE.......19277
WILL........19303</tt>
<br><tt>WAS.........19249 WHITE.......19285
WITH........19311</tt>
<br><tt>WHAT........19258 WHO.........19295
WRONG.......19318</tt>
<br><tt>WHEN........19269</tt>
<p><tt>X...........19326</tt>
<p><tt>Y...........19335 YES.........19358
YOUR........19366</tt>
<br><tt>YELLOW......19345</tt>
<p><tt>Z...........19377 ZERO........19387
END OF FILE.19399</tt>
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