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One of his anxieties was that he was being made to think... In thinking, there is always a degree of inner conflict, and it angered him to have that inside him.
The scene is very still, taking place after midnight on a gloomy, starless night in a quiet part of town, where everyone has long since gone to sleep. Unlike the discordant song in the musical, it reads as silent...but the spot where Javert stops to think is above river rapids, swollen by the rain the day before. Stillness above, turmoil below -- just as Javert shows no outward sign of the battle raging inside him.
Javert has always been a strict, by the book, no mercy, criminals and suspects deserve all the punishment they get kind of guy. He doesn't need to think, just follow regulations. Cruelty doesn't faze him, it's just part of enforcing the rules. Kindness? Please.
When Jean Valjean spares his life, and Javert finds himself sparing Valjean's freedom, he grows a conscience. He's confused.
Suddenly he has to justify his actions to himself. He can't just rely on hierarchy and dehumanization, he actually has to consider the human face and individuality of the people he's locking up. And he thinks of several (minor) ways to improve humane treatment of prisoners.
Javert believes his cruelty in law enforcement is justified by authority and hierarchy and order, and he figures God agrees with him because earthly government is part of the same hierarchy. It's only when, decades into his career, he's confronted with the undeniable humanity and goodness of someone he's persecuted that Javert starts to realize that his way of enforcing the law might actually be, in some cases, immoral.
Javert can't handle that.
He can't handle uncertainty.
He can't deal with the fact that he was wrong.
He's not prepared to consider each case individually.
He's definitely not prepared to figure out which duty to follow when two come into conflict.
He's used to following one track. Now there's a fork, and he can't decide which path to take.
Jean Valjean is faced with a number of these difficult life-altering choices. He weighs his options, puts off the decision until the last moment, and jumps head-first onto one path or the other.
Javert is broken by having to face a decision between two paths.
So he chooses neither.
— Kelson Vibber, 2018-06-16
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Thoughts and commentary on Victor Hugo’s masterpiece.