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# Hawaiian Cheatsheet ## Basic Concepts - Hawaiian is an indigenous language spoken in the Hawaiian Islands. - Hawaiian is a member of the Austronesian language family, which includes languages spoken in Southeast Asia, the Pacific, and Madagascar. - Hawaiian has a unique writing system that uses only 13 letters. ## Pronunciation - Hawaiian has five vowel sounds: a, e, i, o, u. - Hawaiian has eight consonant sounds: h, k, l, m, n, p, w, and ʻokina (glottal stop). - Hawaiian has a stress accent, where stress is placed on the second-to-last syllable of a word. ## Grammar - Hawaiian grammar is based on a subject-verb-object (SVO) word order. - Hawaiian uses particles to indicate the grammatical function of words in a sentence. - Hawaiian verbs are conjugated to indicate tense, aspect, and mood. ## Vocabulary - Hawaiian vocabulary includes words for natural phenomena, such as the ocean and the mountains, as well as words borrowed from other languages, such as English and Japanese. - Hawaiian has many words that have multiple meanings, depending on the context in which they are used. - Hawaiian has a rich tradition of storytelling and poetry, which has influenced the development of the language. ## Writing - The Hawaiian alphabet has 13 letters: A, E, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, U, W, and ʻokina (glottal stop). - The ʻokina is a symbol that represents a glottal stop, which is a brief pause in speech. - Hawaiian text can be written horizontally from left to right, or vertically from top to bottom. ## Culture - Hawaiian culture includes traditions such as hula dancing, lei making, and surfing. - Hawaiian music is characterized by the use of instruments such as the ukulele and the slack-key guitar. - Hawaiian cuisine includes dishes such as poke, kalua pig, and poi. ## Common Phrases - Aloha - Hello, goodbye, love, affection, compassion - Mahalo - Thank you - E komo mai - Welcome - A hui hou - Until we meet again - Ohana - Family - Keiki - Child - Kuleana - Responsibility - Pau hana - Work is done, time to relax - Makai - Toward the ocean - Mauka - Toward the mountains # Resources - [Hawaiian Language Online](https://oleloonline.com/) - [Duolingo Hawaiian course](https://www.duolingo.com/course/haw/en/Learn-Hawaiian-Online) - [ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi](https://www.olelohawaii.com/) - [Hawaiian Dictionary](https://wehewehe.org/) - [Hawaiian Music Radio](https://www.hawaiian-music-radio.com/) - [Hawaiian Airlines' "Hawaiian Language Month" video series](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDyLH7K2JtPYZVdJZzvBZV7nJjK5fY7Bf) - [Hawaiian Cultural Center of Hāmākua](https://www.hawaiiculturecenter.org/) - [Hawaiian Ethos](https://www.hawaiianethos.com/hawaiian-culture/)