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10 ‎[1] With regard to **a betrothed young woman, her father and her husband** together **nullify her vows.** If **the father nullified** her vow **and the husband did not nullify** it, or if **the husband nullified** it **and the father did not nullify** it, then the vow **is not nullified. And needless to say,** it is not nullified **if one of them ratified** the vow.
‎[2] If **the father** of a betrothed young woman **dies,** his **authority does not revert to the husband,** and the husband cannot nullify the young woman’s vows by himself. However, if **the husband dies,** his **authority reverts to the father,** who can now nullify her vows on his own. **In this** matter, **the power of the father is enhanced relative to the power of the husband.** **In another matter, the power of the husband is enhanced relative to the power of the father, as the husband nullifies** vows **during** the woman’s **adulthood,** once they are fully married, **whereas the father does not nullify** her vows **during** her **adulthood.**
‎[3] If **she took a vow as a betrothed woman** and then **was divorced on the same day,** and **she was** again **betrothed on the same day** to another man, or **even to one hundred** men, one after the other, on a single day, **her father and her last husband nullify her vows. This is the principle:** With regard to **any** young woman **who has not left** her father’s jurisdiction and entered **into her own jurisdiction for** at least **one moment,** through full marriage or reaching majority, **her father and her final husband nullify her vows.**
‎[4] **The practice of Torah scholars** is to ensure that a woman about to be married should not be encumbered by any vows. A father, **before his daughter would leave him** through marriage, **would say to her: All vows that you vowed in my house are hereby nullified. And similarly, the husband, before she would enter his jurisdiction,** i.e., while they were still betrothed, **would say to her: All vows that you vowed before you entered my jurisdiction are hereby nullified.** This was necessary **because once she enters his jurisdiction he cannot nullify** the vows she made before that.
‎[5] With regard to **a grown woman who waited twelve months** after her betrothal and the time arrived for her betrothed to marry her, **or a widow** who waited **thirty days** and the time arrived for her betrothed to marry her, **Rabbi Eliezer says: Since her husband is** already **obligated** to provide **for her sustenance,** as he is obligated to have married her by then, **he can nullify** her vows by himself, as if he were fully married to her. **But the Rabbis say: The husband does not nullify** her vows on his own **until she enters his jurisdiction.**
‎[6] With regard to **a widow waiting for her *yavam*** to perform levirate marriage, **whether** she is waiting **for one *yavam*,** if her late husband had only one brother, or **whether** she is waiting **for two** or more ***yevamin*,** if he had several brothers, **Rabbi Eliezer says:** A *yavam* **can nullify** her vows. **Rabbi Yehoshua says:** If she is waiting **for one** *yavam*, he can nullify her vows, **but not** if she is waiting **for two. Rabbi Akiva says:** A *yavam* **cannot** nullify her vows, regardless of whether she is waiting **for one** *yavam* **or for two** or more. The mishna then elaborates: **Rabbi Eliezer said: Just as** with regard to **a woman he acquired for himself** through betrothal, **he nullifies her vows,** so too with regard to **a woman acquired for him from Heaven,** i.e., the *yevama*, **isn’t it logical that he should** be able to **nullify her vows?** **Rabbi Akiva said to him: No, if you say** that a husband can nullify the vows of **a woman he acquired for himself, over whom others have no authority, shall you** also **say** that this is the case with regard to **a woman acquired for him from Heaven, over whom others have authority?** If there are two *yevamin*, each *yavam* has equal authority with regard to her vows. **Rabbi Yehoshua said to him: Akiva, your statement applies** in a situation **with two *yevamin*,** but **how do you reply** to Rabbi Eliezer **in** the case of **one *yavam*?** Rabbi Akiva **said to him: A *yevama* is not the full-fledged** wife **of the *yavam* in the in the way that a betrothed woman** is **her husband’s full-fledged** wife, and the *yavam* is not empowered to nullify vows at all.
‎[7] **One who says to his wife: All vows that you will vow from now until I arrive from such and such a place are hereby ratified, has not said anything,** i.e., the vows are not ratified. However, if he states that all vows that she will take until then **are hereby nullified, Rabbi Eliezer said:** They are **nullified, while the Rabbis say:** They are **not nullified. Rabbi Eliezer said** in explanation: **If one can nullify vows that have reached the status of a prohibition,** i.e., that have already taken effect, **shall he not** be able to **nullify vows that have not reached the status of a prohibition?** The Rabbis **said to him** in response: The verse **states:** “Every vow, and every binding oath to afflict the soul, **her husband may ratify it, or her husband may nullify it”** (Numbers 30:14). This teaches: **That which has reached the status of** eligibility for **ratification,** i.e., a vow that she has already taken, **has reached the status of** eligibility for **nullification.** However, a vow that **has not reached the status of** eligibility for **ratification** has **not reached the status of** eligibility for **nullification** either, and it cannot be nullified.
‎[8] The **nullification of vows** can be performed **all day** on the day on which the vow was heard. **There is in this matter** both **a leniency,** extending the nullification period, **and a stricture,** curtailing that period. **How so?** If a woman **took a vow on Shabbat evening,** her father or husband **can nullify** the vow **on Shabbat evening, and on Shabbat day until dark.** This is an example of extending the nullification period. However, if **she took a vow with nightfall** approaching, her father or husband **can nullify** the vow only **until nightfall, since, if it became dark and he had not** yet **nullified** her vow, **he cannot nullify** it anymore. This is an example of a curtailed nullification period.
Version: William Davidson Edition - English
Source: https://korenpub.com/collections/the-noe-edition-koren-talmud-bavli-1
License: CC-BY-NC