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Scholastic Diversity: Religious Literacy > Christianity

Christianity is a monotheistic religion that develops out of Hellenistic Judaism and Greco-Roman religion during the first century CE. It is based on interpretations of the teachings of Jesus as expressed in the writings of Paul, the four Gospels, and other writings of the New Testament.

By the time of the first century CE, Judaism of the masses becomes widely diverse, and we start seeing four distinct sects of Judaism, separate from the diverse masses: the Sadducees, the Pharisees, the Zealots, and the Essenes. The Saducees are the Temples Priests. They only hold the Torah as sacred. The Pharisees are the teachers of the masses, and they hold the Torah, the Prophets, and much of the Writings as sacred. St. Paul was a Pharisee. The Zealots are those who desire to overtake Israel as a sovereign state by fighting back against the Romans. And finally, the Essenes are a sect cut off from society. They also hold the Torah, Prophets, and Writings as sacred, and they opposed the Sadducees.

While we do not know which sect Jesus belonged to, and he may not have been part of any sect, we do know that he shares a lot of similarities with the Pharisees, which is what led him to debate more frequently with them. The Pharisees and Jesus both held the Torah, Prophets, and Writings as sacred, in contrast to the Sadducees, who did not. The Phraisees and Jesus, therefore, also held the beliefs of angels, heaven, and Satan which are developed within and from the Prophets and Writings of the Tanakh (Old Testament).

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