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Instead of looking up how to spell a word, I always look up the Etymology. I don't know Latin or Greek, or any other languages, but a lot of the time, I'll find a link to some other English word, which the spelling make sense.
Defence or defense?
It's 'defence', because it has the same root as a 'garden fence' (although both come from Latin 'defensus'
Which is 'tail', and which is 'tale'?
Tale comes from from Proto-Germanic 'talo' ('speech'), related to 'talk' and 'tell'.
The animal 'tail' comes from Old English 'tægl', like Gothic 'tagl', which gives us 'hair'. So think of 'tails have hair', and 'a tale is a talk with an "e"'.
Is it 'compatible', or 'compatable'?
'Compatible' from Latin 'com' ('with') 'pati' ('suffering'), meaning 'to suffer together. This also gives us 'compass*i*on', which also retains the 'i' as the third syllable.
Parralel, or parallel?
The 'para' there comes from the same place as 'paranormal'. So the prefix always comes with one 'r'.
Vicious or viscious?
The 'vic' part comes from 'ficere', meaning 'to do', same as 'maleficent', meaning 'bad-do'...or something. So think of 'viciousness is malice', and the single 'c' feels natural.
Supersede or supercede?
It means 'sitting above', or 'above-sit', as in 'super' + 'sedere' (same place we get 'sit' from). So think of 'super sit'.