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Programs vs. projects

Nader K. Rad, 2020-07-27

Following the path set by the PMBOK Guide, most resources give definitions for programs and projects that don't help distinguish between the two. The definitions that come from the PRINCE2 family are a lot better in my opinion:

A project is an initiative focused on creating a product (output). That product creates some outcomes, and those outcomes generate benefits.
A program is an initiative that is focused on creating an outcome. To do that, programs run a number of projects, sub-programs, etc.
A portfolio is focused on benefits, and maximizes benefits through its programs, projects, etc.

The above definitions are referring to the primary focus, although, each layer is also a little involved in the other two concepts. To give an example, "Implementing the Alfresco document management system" is a project because it's about a product (the implemented solution), while "Improving our document management system" describes a program.

Why is this important? Because projects and programs need different types of management.