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2012-03-22 10:11:01
By Helen Briggs Health editor, BBC News website
A biological clue to male baldness has been discovered, raising the prospect of
a treatment to stop or even reverse thinning hair.
In studies of bald men and laboratory mice, US scientists pinpointed a protein
that triggers hair loss.
Drugs that target the pathway are already in development, they report in the
journal Science Translational Medicine.
The research could lead to a cream to treat baldness.
Most men start to go bald in middle age, with about 80% of men having some hair
loss by the age of 70.
The male sex hormone testosterone plays a key role, as do genetic factors. They
cause the hair follicles to shrink, eventually becoming so small that they are
invisible, leading to the appearance of baldness.
Reverse balding?
Now, researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have analysed which genes
are switched on when men start to go bald.
They found levels of a key protein called prostaglandin D synthase are elevated
in the cells of hair follicles located in bald patches on the scalp, but not in
hairy areas.
Mice bred to have high levels of the protein went completely bald, while
transplanted human hairs stopped growing when given the protein.
Prof George Cotsarelis, of the department of dermatology, who led the research,
said: "Essentially we showed that prostaglandin protein was elevated in the
bald scalp of men and that it inhibited hair growth. So we identified a target
for treating male-pattern baldness.
"The next step would be to screen for compounds that affect this receptor and
to also find out whether blocking that receptor would reverse balding or just
prevent balding - a question that would take a while to figure out."
The inhibition of hair growth is triggered when the protein binds to a receptor
on the cells of hair follicles, said Prof Cotsarelis.
Several known drugs that target this pathway have already been identified, he
added, including some that are in clinical trials.
The researchers say there is potential for developing a treatment that can be
applied to the scalp to prevent baldness and possibly help hair regrow.