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Nature loss 'to damage economies'

2010-05-10 12:24:41

By Richard Black Environment correspondent, BBC News

The Earth's ongoing nature losses may soon begin to hit national economies, a

major UN report is to say .

The third Global Biodiversity Outlook (GBO-3) warns that some ecosystems may

soon reach "tipping points" where they rapidly become less useful to humanity.

Such tipping points could include rapid dieback of forest, algal takeover of

watercourses and mass coral reef death.

Last month, scientists confirmed that governments would not meet their target

of curbing biodiversity loss by 2010.

Continue reading the main story

Humanity has fabricated the illusion that somehow we can get by without

biodiversity

Achim Steiner UN Environment Programme

"The news is not good," said Ahmed Djoglaf, executive secretary of the UN

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

"We continue to lose biodiversity at a rate never before seen in history -

extinction rates may be up to 1,000 times higher than the historical background

rate."

The global abundance of vertebrates - the group that includes mammals,

reptiles, birds, amphibians and fish - fell by about one-third between 1970 and

2006, the UN says.

Seeing red

The 2010 target of significantly curbing the global rate of biodiversity loss

was agreed at the Johannesburg summit in 2002.

It has been clear for a while that it would not be met.

WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY?

Continue reading the main story

sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems

and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity

within species, between species and of ecosystems"

But GBO-3 concludes that none of the 21 subsidiary targets set at the same time

are being met either, at least not on a global basis.

These include measures such as curbing the rate of habitat loss and

degradation, protecting at least 10% of the Earth's ecological regions,

controlling the spread of invasive species and making sure that international

trade does not take any species towards extinction.

No government submitting reports to the convention on biodiversity group claims

to have completely met the 2010 target.

While progress is being made in some regions, the global failure means an

ever-growing number of species are on the Red List of Threatened Species.

"Twenty-one percent of all known mammals, 30% of all known amphibians, 12% of

all known birds (and)... 27% of reef-building corals assessed... are threatened

with extinction," said Bill Jackson, deputy director general of the

International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), which maintains the

Red List.

"If the world made equivalent losses in share prices, there would be a rapid

response and widespread panic."

Costing the Earth

The relationship between nature loss and economic harm is much more than just

figurative, the UN believes.

An ongoing project known as The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB)

is attempting to quantify the monetary value of various services that nature

provides for us, such as purifying water and air, protecting coasts from storms

and maintaining wildlife for ecotourism.

Coral reef Loss of coral reefs will reduce humanity's supply of seafood

The rationale is that when such services disappear or are degraded, they have

to be replaced out of society's coffers.

TEEB has already calculated the annual loss of forests at $2-5 trillion,

dwarfing costs of the banking crisis.

"Many economies remain blind to the huge value of the diversity of animals,

plants and other lifeforms and their role in healthy and functioning

ecosystems," said Achim Steiner, executive director of the UN Environment

Programme (Unep).

"Humanity has fabricated the illusion that somehow we can get by without

biodiversity, or that it is somehow peripheral to our contemporary world: the

truth is we need it more than ever on a planet of six billion heading to over

nine billion people by 2050."

The more that ecosystems become degraded, the UN says, the greater the risk

that they will be pushed "over the edge" into a new stable state of much less

utility to humankind.

For example, freshwater systems polluted with excess agricultural fertiliser

will suffocate with algae, killing off fish and making water unfit for human

consumption.

The launch of GBO-3 comes as governments begin two weeks of talks in Nairobi

aimed at formulating new measures to tackle global biodiversity loss that can

be adopted at October's Convention on Biological Diversity summit in Japan.