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File paths

Get the directory name of a file path

Alternative to the dirname command.

dirname() {
    # Usage: dirname "path"

    # If '$1' is empty set 'dir' to '.', else '$1'.
    dir=${1:-.}

    # Strip all trailing forward-slashes '/' from
    # the end of the string.
    #
    # "${dir##*[!/]}": Remove all non-forward-slashes
    # from the start of the string, leaving us with only
    # the trailing slashes.
    # "${dir%%"${}"}": Remove the result of the above
    # substitution (a string of forward slashes) from the
    # end of the original string.
    dir=${dir%%"${dir##*[!/]}"}

    # If the variable *does not* contain any forward slashes
    # set its value to '.'.
    [ "${dir##*/*}" ] && dir=.

    # Remove everything *after* the last forward-slash '/'.
    dir=${dir%/*}

    # Again, strip all trailing forward-slashes '/' from
    # the end of the string (see above).
    dir=${dir%%"${dir##*[!/]}"}

    # Print the resulting string and if it is empty,
    # print '/'.
    printf '%s\n' "${dir:-/}"
}

Example Usage:

$ dirname ~/Pictures/Wallpapers/1.jpg
/home/black/Pictures/Wallpapers/

$ dirname ~/Pictures/Downloads/
/home/black/Pictures/

Get the base-name of a file path

Alternative to the basename command.

basename() {
    # Usage: basename "path" ["suffix"]

    # Strip all trailing forward-slashes '/' from
    # the end of the string.
    #
    # "${1##*[!/]}": Remove all non-forward-slashes
    # from the start of the string, leaving us with only
    # the trailing slashes.
    # "${1%%"${}"}:  Remove the result of the above
    # substitution (a string of forward slashes) from the
    # end of the original string.
    dir=${1%${1##*[!/]}}

    # Remove everything before the final forward-slash '/'.
    dir=${dir##*/}

    # If a suffix was passed to the function, remove it from
    # the end of the resulting string.
    dir=${dir%"$2"}

    # Print the resulting string and if it is empty,
    # print '/'.
    printf '%s\n' "${dir:-/}"
}

Example Usage:

$ basename ~/Pictures/Wallpapers/1.jpg
1.jpg

$ basename ~/Pictures/Wallpapers/1.jpg .jpg
1

$ basename ~/Pictures/Downloads/
Downloads