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A few notes from a lecture on fire building.
Items for use as tinder (must be completely dry)
Birch Bark
Shredded inner bark from cedar, shestnut, red elm trees
Fine wood shavings
Dead grass, ferns, moss, fungi
Straw
Sawdust
Very fine pitch wood scrapings
Dead evergreen needles
Punk (the completely rotted portion of dead logs or trees)
Evergreen tree knots
Bird down (fine feathers)
Down seed heads (milkweed, dry cattails, bulrush, Cananda thistle, goldenrod,
dandelion)
Fine dried vegtable fibers
Spongy threads of dead puffball
Dead palm leaves
Skinlike membrane lining of bamboo
Lint from pocket and seams
Charred cloth
Waxed paper
Outer bamboo shavings
Gunpowder
Cotton
Lint
Items to be used as kindling (must be completely dry)
Small twigs
Small strips of wood
Split wood
Heavy cardboard
Pieces of wood removed from the inside of larger peieces
Wood that has been doused with highly flammable materials such as gasoline,
oil, or wax.
Items to be used as fuel
Dry standing wood and dry dead branches
Dry inside (heart) of fallen tree trunks and large branches
Green wood that is finely split
Dry grasses twisted into bunches
Peat dry enough to burn (this may be found at the top of undercut banks)
Dried animal dung
Animals fats
Coal, oil shale, or oil sand lying on the surface
Characteristics of various woods
Ease of Cooking Imparted
Species Starting Qualities Sparks Smoke Flavors
Apple Difficult Excellent Few Little Excellent
Ash Fair Good Few Little Good
Aspen Fair Fair Moderate Little Good
Beech Difficult Good Few Little Good
Birch Easy Fair Moderate Moderate Good
Cedar Easy Poor Many Many Bad
Cherry Difficult Excellent Few Little Excellent
Elm Fair Poor Few Heavy Bad
Fir Easy Poor Many Heavy Bad
Hickory Difficult Excellent Moderate Little Excellent
Locust Difficult Excellent Few Little Good
Maple Difficult Excellent Few Little Excellent
Oak Difficult Excellent Few Little Good
Pine Easy Poor Many Heavy Bad
Spruce Easy Poor Many Heavy Bad
Sycamore Difficult Poor Moderate Heavy Bad