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This file is excerpted from a CIA manual titled: PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS IN GUERRILLA WARFARE From the folks at: Congressional Research Service of The Library Of Congress PREFACE Guerrilla warfare is essentially a political war. Therefore, its area of operations exceeds the territorial limits of conventional warfare. To penetrate the political entity itself: The "Political Animal" the Aristotle defined. In effect, the human being should be considered the priority objective in a political war. And concieved as the military target of guerrilla war, the human has his most critical point in his mind. Once his mind has been reached, the "politica l animal" has been defeated, without necessarily recieving bullets. Guerrilla warfare is born and grows in the political envirnment: in the constant combat to dominate that area of political mentality that is inherent to all human beings and which collectively constitutes the "environment" in which guerrilla warfare moves, and which is where precisely its victory or failure is defined. This conception of guerrilla warfare as political war turns psychological Operations into the decisive factor of the results. The target, then, is the minds of the population, all the population: our troops, the enemy troops, and the civilian population. This book is a manual for the training of guerrillas in psychological operations, and its application to the concrete case of the Christian and democratic crusade being waged in Nicaragua by the Freedom Commandos. CONTENTS: Preface I Introduction 1 II Combatant-Propagandist Guerrilla 4 III Armed Propaganda 10 IV Armed Propaganda Teams 16 V Development and Control of Front Organizations 26 VI Control of Mass Concentrations and Meetings 31 VII Massive In-depth Support Through Psychological Operations 36 APPENDIX: Techniques of Oratory 37 PERMANENT SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELEGENCE PRESS RELEASE DECEMBER 5, 1984 This manual was written and printed up in several editions by the CIA. The manual talks of overthrowing the Sandanistas. This raises the question of whether the Boland Amendment was violated. The manual talks of "nuetralizing" Sandanista officials and creating martyrs. This raises question to whether Executive order 12333, which prohibits assassinations, was violated. The manual also talks about shooting civilians trying to leave a captured town, blackmailing others to work for the contras, and endangering innocent people by inciting violence in mass demonstrations. These matters raise the issue of whether they are consistant with United States policy. The committee believes that the manual caaused embarrassment to the United States and should never have been released in any of its various forms. Specific actions that it describes are repugnant to American values. The committee believes that this record also reflects insufficient concern about congressional and legal restrictions on CIA activities. A majority of the committee concludes that the manual represents a violation of the Boland Amendment. CIA officials up the chain of command either never read the manual or were never made aware of it. Neglegence, not intent to violate the law, marked the manuals history.